BIO 211 Practice Exam 2
77. Land plants differ from green algae (Chlorophyta) in that plants ____.
a) have cell walls containing cellulose.
b) are unicellular.
c) have chloroplasts.
d) are heterotrophs.
e) have alternation of generations.
80. What is the closest relative to land plants?
a) Rhodophyta, because both have cellulose cell walls.
b) Euglenozoa, because both have green chloroplasts.
c) Charophyceans, because both have rose-shaped complexes that synthesize cellulose.
d) Oomyctes, because both have cellulose cell walls.
e) Archaea, because both are autotrophic.
84. In life cycles with an alternation of generations, multicellular haploid forms alternate with ____.
a) unicellular haploid forms.
b) unicellular diploid forms.
c) multicellular haploid forms.
d) multicellular diploid forms.
e) multicellular polyploid forms.
85. Which of the following is not true about alternation of generations?
a) occurs inall sexually reproducing organisms
b) is the alternation of two multicellular body forms (gametophyte, sporophyte)
c) produces both zygote and spores
d) includes both mitosis and meiosis
e) alternates between haploid and diploid forms
86. In alternation of generations, the ______gametophyte produces _____ by ______, which are fertilized and develop into the sporophyte of the next generation.
a) diploid, spores, meiosis
b) diploid, gametes, meiosis
c) haploid, spores, mitosis
d) haploid, gametes, mitosis
e) diploid, zygotes, fertilization
87. In alternation of generations, the ______sporophyte produces ______by _____ which germinate and develop into a gametophyte of the next generation.
a) diploid, spores, meiosis
b) diploid, gametes, meiosis
c) haploid, spores, mitosis
d) haploid, gametes, meiosis
e) diploid, zygotes, fertilization
89. The transition from an aquatic to terrestrial environment had a lot of challenges for the first land plants. Which of the following was not a problem for the first land plants?
a) sources of water
b) sperm transfer
c) desiccation (drying out)
d) competition with other species
90. Bryophytes have all of the following characteristics except
a) multicellularity.
b) specialized cells and tissues.
c) lignified vascular tissue.
d) walled spores in sporangia.
e) a reduced, dependent sporophyte.
92. The following are all true about the life cycle of mosses except
a) external water is required for fertilization.
b) flagellated sperm are produced.
c) antheridia and archegonia are produced by gametophytes.
d) gametes are directly produced by meiosis.
e) gametophytes germinate from spores.
94. In Bryophytes, the _____ zygote develops into a _____ sporophyte that is _____ on the parent gametophyte.
a) diploid, haploid, dependent
b) diploid, diploid, dependent
c) diploid, haploid, independent
d) diploid, diploid, independent
e) haploid, diploid, dependent
95. In Bryophytes, the _____ spore develops into a ______that is _____ on the parent sporophyte.
a) diploid, gametophyte, dependent
c) haploid, gametophyte, independent
d) diploid, zygote, independent
e) haploid, zygote, dependent
96. In Bryophytes, ______cells within a sporangium undergo ______to produce ______spores.
a) diploid; meiosis; haploid
b) haploid; mitosis; haploid
c) diploid; mitosis; diploid
d) diploid; mitosis; haploid
e) haploid; meiosis; haploid
97. The ______is the dominant phase in the bryophyte life cycle.
a) gametophyte
b) sporophyte
c) sporangium
d) zygote
e) archegonium
98. Which of the following is not common to all phyla of vascular plants?
a) the development of seeds
b) alternation of generations
c) dominance of the diploid generation
d) xylem and phloem
e) the addition of lignin to cell walls
101. Which of the following statements is not true about the sporophyte of vascular plants?
a) The sporophyte stage is dominant in vascular plants.
b) The sporophyte is diploid (2N) in vascular plants.
c) The sporophyte is dependent on the gametophyte.
d) The sporophyte has vascular tissue.
e) The sporophyte has roots and leaves.
102. Ferns and fern allies are economically important to humans because:
a) They have antibacterial properties.
b) They are used to make paper.
c) They are the basis to fossil fuels, like coal.
d) They feed 80% of the human population.
e) They are used for lumber and other wood products.
104. In ferns, sori on the underside of leaves are clusters of _____.
a) female gametophytes
b) male gametophytes
c) vascular tissue
d) sporangia
e) bisexual sporophytes
105. Why do ferns need to live in a moist environment?
a) Flagellated sperm need to swim to the archegonium.
b) Ferns do not have vascular tissue.
c) Ferns do not have roots.
d) Spores need water to disperse.
e) All statements are true.
106. Why is vascular tissue important for plant growth?
a) Vascular tissue provides support to the plant so it can grow tall.
b) Vascular tissue moves water through the plant.
c) Vascular tissue moves sugars made during photosynthesis through the plant.
d) Vascular tissue moves nutrients from the soil into the plant.
e) All statements are true.
107. Which of the following is a land plant that produces flagellated sperm and has a sporophyte-dominant life cycle?
a) fern
b) moss
c) liverwort
d) charophycean
e) hornwort
108. A heterosporous plant is one that ______.
a) produces a gametophyte that bears both antheridia and archegonia.
b) produces microspores and megaspores, which give rise to male and female gametophytes.
c) produces spores all year long instead of during just one season.
d) produces two kinds of spores, one asexually by mitosis and the other sexually by meiosis.
e) reproduces only sexually.
110. Which of the following is a difference between the fern and bryophyte life cycles?
a) Only bryophytes need water to transport sperm to the egg.
b) Only bryophytes have gametophyte and sporophyte phases.
c) Only ferns have spores.
d) Only ferns have bisexual gametophytes.
e) Only ferns use meiosis to produce haploid spores.
111. Which of the following is not true about the fern life cycle?
a) Ferns need water to transport sperm to the egg.
b) Ferns have gametophytes that are dependent on the sporophyte.
c) Ferns have spores.
d) Ferns have bisexual gametophytes.
e) Ferns use meiosis to produce haploid spores.
114. What advantages do seeds have over spores?
a) Seeds are multicellular.
b) Seeds carry their own food supply
c) Seeds have more ways to disperse.
d) All of the above statements are true about seeds.
117. One trend that occurred during the history of Kingdom Plantae was:
a) production of fruits and then seeds
b) reduction of dependence on pollinators
c) reduction in size of the gametophyte phase
d) reduction in size of the sporophyte phase
e) elimination of meiosis
118. In Coniferophyta, pollen is typically dispersed by ______.
a) insects
b) wind
c) water
d) amoeba-like movements
e) bats
119. Seeds are formed from three different generations. In gymnosperms, the seed coat is formed by the _____.
a) male gametophyte (N)
b) female gametophyte (N)
c) adult (mature) sporophyte (2N)
d) embryo (2N)
e) Both A and B
121. Where would you find the male gametophyte of a pine?
a) in a sporangium
b) in an ovulate (seed) cone
c) in an anther
d) in an ovary
e) in a pollen grain
122. In gymnosperms, food for the embryo comes from the ______.
a) female gametophyte
b) endosperm
c) female sporophyte
d) pollen tube
e) sperm nucleus
124. In gymnosperms, the _____ of pollen cones produce _____ microspores via ______.
a) megasporangia, haploid, mitosis
b) megasporangia, diploid, meiosis
c) megasporangia, haploid, meiosis
d) microsporangia, haploid, mitosis
e) microsporangia, diploid, meiosis
125. In gymnosperms, the _____ of ovulate cones produce _____ megasporesvia ______.
a) megasporangia, haploid, mitosis
b) megasporangia, diploid, meiosis
c) megasporangia, haploid, meiosis
d) microsporangia, haploid, mitosis
e) microsporangia, diploid, meiosis
126. Pollination is when ______.
a) sperm and egg cells fuse inside the archegonium
b) pollen is produced by the sporangium
c) fertilization occurs
d) pollen lands on a structure that contains ovules
e) the male gametophyte makes spores
127. Fertilization is when ______.
a) sperm and egg cells fuse inside the archegonium
b) pollen is produced by the sporangium
c) fertilization occurs
d) pollen lands on a structure that contains ovules
e) the male gametophyte makes spores
131. The _____ is a group of plants with the most species.
a) bryophytes
b) gymnosperms
c) ferns
d) angiosperms
e) Chlorophyta
132. The _____ is the oldest group of plants.
a) bryophytes
b) gymnosperms
c) ferns
d) angiosperms
e) Chlorophyta
134. Which of the following is not a characteristic of angiosperms?
a) coevolution with animal pollinators
b) double fertilization
c) free-living gametophytes
d) flowers
e) fruit
137. A seed is a mature _____; a fruit is a mature ______.
a) ovary, ovule
b) ovule, ovary
c) egg, zygote
d) embryo; flower
e) sporophyte; gametophyte
140. Only angiosperms have ____, while both angiosperms and gymnosperms have ____.
a) ovaries, ovules
b) ovules, ovaries
c) eggs, zygotes
d) embryos; flowers
e) sporophytes; gametophytes
142. In angiosperms, food for the embryo comes from the ______.
a) female gametophyte
b) endosperm
c) female sporophyte
d) pollen tube
e) sperm nucleus
144. How have fruits contributed to the success of angiosperms?
a) by nourishing the plants that produce them
b) by facilitating dispersal of seeds by wind and animals
c) by attracting insects to the pollen inside of the fruit
d) by producing sperm and eggs inside a protective coat
e) by producing triploid cells by double fertilization
146. Seed dispersal is important for the reproductive success of the plant. What structure/tissue do angiosperms use to disperse seeds?
a) flowers
b) endosperm
c) pollen grains
d) fruit
e) double fertilization
147. The term "double fertilization" means that:
a) Both sperm fuse with a single egg
b) Two embryos are produced by each female gametophyte
c) 4N endosperm is produced
d) One sperm cell fuses with the egg; a second sperm cell fuses with two polar nuclei
e) Both A and C are correct
148. In angiosperms, the pollen grain contains ___
a) One sperm cell that fertilizes the egg inside the ovule
b) One sperm cell that fuses with two polar bodies
c) One sperm cell that creates a pollen tube from the sticky stigma to the ovule
d) Both A and C are correct
e) A, B, and C are correct
151. Endosperm is one product of double fertilization. Why is the endosperm triploid (3N)?
a) Both sperm cells fuse with a single egg
b) Two embryos are produced by each female gametophyte
c) One sperm cell fuses with the egg
d) One sperm cell fuses with two polar nuclei
e) Both A and D are correct