7-3.3 Summarize the relationships of the major body systems (including the circulatory, respiratory, digestive, excretory, nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems).
Nervous System
· The main functions of the nervous system are to receive stimuli from inside and outside the body, to interpret the stimuli, and initiate responses for survival = fight or flight response
· The nervous system works with the muscular and skeletal systems to direct behavior and movement.
· The nervous system controls internal processes in the body (e.g., digestion and circulation).
Neuron
· A nerve cell that carries information through your nervous system. (0.004mm in diameter, > meter long)
Dendrite
· A threadlike extensions that carries impulses toward the cell body.
Axon
· Each neuron has only one axon; it carries impulses away from the cell body. (axon tips = 150 branches)
Myelin sheath
· A type of fatty insulation that covers long-distance nerves; helps keep the signal strong
Nerve
· a bundle of nerve fibers; axons and dentrites in parallel bundles covered with connective tissue
Nerve impulse
· The message that a neuron carries. Nerve impulses begin in a dendrite, move toward the cell body and then move down the axon.
7.3.2 Recall the major organs of the human body and their functions within their particular body system.
Central Nervous
System
· Two main parts: Brain & Spinal Cord
Brain
· An organ of the central nervous system, which has three distinct parts that all serve to control and coordinate the activities of the body.
Cerebrum
· The portion of the brain that controls thoughts, voluntary actions, and the sensations related to the five senses (seeing, hearing, touch, taste, smell)
· Right cerebrum – controls the left side of the body; also associated with creativity and artistic ability, (pictures & ideas).
· Left cerebrum - controls the right side of the body; also associated with mathematical skills, speech, writing and logical thinking.
Cerebellum
· The portion of the brain that helps with balance and coordination.
Brain stem
· This part of the brain is located at the base of the brain and controls vital and involuntary processes (for example, breathing, the beating of the heart, and digestion).
Spinal cord
· A bundle of nerves that begins at the brain stem and continues down the center of the back through the vertebrae. It connects with the peripheral nerves.
Peripheral
nervous system
· A network of nerves that branch out from the spinal cord and connect to the rest of the body and transmits signals to and from the brain through the spinal cord.
· Somatic nervous system- control voluntary actions e.g., using a fork, tying your shoelaces
· Autonomic nervous system – controls involuntary or automatic actions e.g., contractions of the smooth muscles that adjust the diameter of blood vessels
7-3.4 Explain the effects of disease on the major organs and body systems (including infectious diseases such as colds and flu, AIDS, and athlete’s foot and noninfectious diseases such as diabetes, Parkinson’s, and skin cancer).
Parkinson’s
disease
· Noninfectious diseases are diseases that are not caused by pathogens in the body; they are not spread from organism to organism.
· These diseases are caused by malfunctions in body systems that are either inherited or caused by environmental factors.
· A disease of the nervous system that occurs when certain nerve cells in the brain stop functioning properly, affecting the muscular system.
· The major symptoms are severe shaking (tremors) and disabilities involving movement (e.g., shuffle feet, trouble swallowing.)
· At present, there is no cure for Parkinson's disease.
Spina bifida
· A congenital (existing at birth) medical condition that occurs when the vertebrae do not seal properly around the spinal cord before birth.
· The likelihood of this neural tube defect can be decreased if a pregnant woman ingest enough folic acid (found in dark green leafy vegetables and whole grain foods) during the first three months of pregnancy.
Concussion
· A bruise-like injury of the brain that could occur e.g., during a bicycle, or 4-wheeler accident, automobile accident, a hard fall, etc.
· A helmet can help prevent injuries, but if you black out, experience confusion or feel drowsy, after an injury seek medical attention.
Spinal cord
injuries
· Occur when the spinal cord is cut or crushed and result in paralysis or loss of movement in some body parts.
Fun Fact: Average girls brain weighs 2.5 % of their body weight and boys 2% of their body weight
7-3.3 Summarize the relationships of the major body systems (including the circulatory, respiratory, digestive, excretory, nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems).
Nervous System
· The main functions of the nervous system are to ______stimuli from inside and outside the body, to ______the stimuli, and initiate ______for survival = fight or flight response
· The nervous system works with the ______ and skeletal systems to direct behavior and ______
· The nervous system ______internal processes in the body (e.g., digestion and circulation).
Neuron
· A ______ that carries information through your nervous system. (0.004mm in diameter, > meter long)
Dendrite
· A threadlike extensions that carries impulses ______the cell body.
__xon
· Each neuron has only one axon; it carries impulses ______ from the cell body. (axon tips = 150 branches)
Myelin sheath
· A type of fatty ______ that covers long-distance nerves; helps keep the signal strong
Nerve
· a ______of nerve fibers; axons and dentrites in parallel bundles covered with connective tissue
Nerve impulse
· The ______ that a neuron carries. Nerve impulses begin in a dendrite, move toward the cell body and then move down the axon.
7.3.2 Recall the major organs of the human body and their functions within their particular body system.
Central Nervous
System
· Two main parts: Brain & ______
Brain
· An organ of the central nervous system, which has ______distinct parts that all serve to control and coordinate the activities of the body.
Cerebrum
· The portion of the brain that controls thoughts, ______ actions, and the sensations related to the five ______(seeing, hearing, touch, taste, smell)
· ______ cerebrum – controls the left side of the body; also associated with ______ and artistic ability, (pictures & ideas).
· ______ cerebrum - controls the right side of the body; also associated with mathematical skills, ______, writing and ______thinking.
Cerebellum
· The portion of the brain that helps with ______and coordination.
Brain stem
· This part of the brain is located at the base of the brain and controls vital and ______processes (for example, ______, the beating of the heart, and digestion).
Spinal cord
· A bundle of nerves that begins at the brain stem and continues down the center of the back through the ______. It connects with the peripheral nerves.
Peripheral
nervous system
· A network of nerves that______from the spinal cord and connect to the rest of the body and ______signals to and from the brain through the spinal cord.
· ______nervous system- control ______actions e.g., using a fork, tying your shoelaces
· ______nomic nervous system – controls ______or automatic actions e.g., contractions of the smooth muscles that adjust the diameter of blood vessels
7-3.4 Explain the effects of disease on the major organs and body systems (including infectious diseases such as colds and flu, AIDS, and athlete’s foot and noninfectious diseases such as diabetes, Parkinson’s, and skin cancer).
Parkinson’s
disease
· Noninfectious diseases are diseases that are not caused by pathogens in the body; they are not spread from organism to organism.
· These diseases are caused by ______in body systems that are either ______or caused by environmental factors.
· A disease of the nervous system that occurs when certain ______in the brain stop functioning properly, affecting the muscular system.
· The major symptoms are severe shaking (______) and disabilities involving ______(e.g., shuffle feet, trouble swallowing.)
· At present, there is ______ for Parkinson's disease.
Spina bifida
· A ______ (existing at birth) medical condition that occurs when the ______ do not seal properly around the spinal cord before birth.
· The likelihood of this ______ defect can be decreased if a pregnant woman ingest enough ______(found in dark green leafy vegetables and ______ foods) during the first three months of pregnancy.
Concussion
· A ______ injury of the brain that could occur e.g., during a bicycle, or 4-wheeler accident, automobile accident, a hard fall, etc.
· A ______ can help prevent injuries, but if you black out, experience confusion or feel drowsy, after an injury seek medical attention.
Spinal cord
injuries
· Occur when the spinal cord is cut or crushed and result in ______ or loss of movement in some body parts.
Fun Fact: Average girls brain weighs 2.5 % of their body weight and boys 2% of their body weight