58.What Was the Pakistani Civil War? Who Won and Why?

58.What was the Pakistani Civil War? Who won and why?

-War between East & West Pakistan over W.P’s domination

-EP supported by India and wins the Civil War because of this support

-Become Bangladesh

59.When and why did the Communists win the Chinese Civil War?

-1949 – because they promised the peasants land

60. How did Mao attempt to transform/change Chinese society (2 reforms)

-Great Leap Forward – creates huge communes – disaster – millions die in famine

-Cultural Revolution – attempt to get rid of the old ways; enforced by the Red Guard; targeted intellectuals, teachers & artists – turn into peasants

61. What type of governments were established in India and Africa after decolonization/independence?

-India – World’s largest democracy; Africa - dictatorships

62. What happened in the Congo following independence?

-Civil War and dictatorship under Mobuto

63. What is Pan-Arabism? What are some examples?

-Political movement (1950s+60s) that promoted Arab unity – United Arab Republic (Egypt & Syria)

64. Why did the Persian Gulf War in 1990 happen?

-Iraq invaded Kuwait over oil and then UN sanctions failed to force Iraq to leave Kuwait

65. Why did the Iran-Iraq War start?

-Iran’s revolutionary government called for an Islamic Revolution among Iraq’s Shiite population

66. What was apartheid? Who opposed it?

-The policy of separating the races practiced by the South African government to protect white rule of the country. The ANC

67. Why did democracies begin to emerge in Africa after the Cold War?

-No more Cold War competition meant that the US no longer had a reason to support anti-communist dictators & no more USSR to support pro-communist dictators

68.How did Iranian society change after the Islamic Revolution?

-Begin enforcing strict religious and social rules/values/practices

69. How was Salvador Allende replaced in Chile and what happened under his successor?

-Military coup supported by the US; Economy had rapid growth but oppressive regime

70. What types of governments emerged in Latin America in the 1980s and 1990s?

-Democracy

71. What did Fidel Castro hope to accomplish in Cuba?

-End US dominance, redistribute wealth and reform Cuban society to make it more equal

72. What was American foreign policy towards Central America during the Cold War?

-Supported anti-communist repressive dictators

73. What were the results of military dictatorships in Chile, Brazil and Argentina?

-Torture and human rights abuses

74. What were the Camp David Accords?

-Peace treaty signed between Israel and Egypt in 1977

75. What was NAFTA?

-North American Free Trade Agreement – US, Canada, Mexico

76. What happened at Tiananmen Square in 1989?

-Communist gov’t/army crushed student led protests asking for political reforms

77. Who led the independence movement in Kenya?

-JomoKenyetta

78. How was India divided at independence?

-India and East and West Pakistan