1. Rhythms that are synchronized with the twenty-four-hour cycle of day and night are called

  1. infradian.
  2. ultradian.
  3. circadian.
  4. omnidian.

2. Sleep spindles are characteristic of

  1. Stage 1 sleep.
  2. Stage 2 sleep.
  3. Stage 3 sleep.
  4. Stage 4 sleep.

3. Which of the following is the deepest level of sleep?

  1. Stage 1
  2. Stage 2
  3. Stage 3
  4. Stage 4

4. Dreaming is most closely associated with

  1. Stage 1 sleep.
  2. Stage 2 sleep.
  3. Stage 3 sleep.
  4. REM sleep.

5. Which view of dreaming holds that dreams represent an attempt by the cerebral cortex to make sense of the random discharges of electrical activity that occur during REM sleep?

a. action-reaction

b. activation-synthesis

c. psychodynamic

d. psychoelectric

6. Freud believed the purpose of dreams is to

  1. consolidate memories and new learning.
  2. sort through possible solutions to everyday problems.
  3. fulfill wishes.
  4. discard unnecessary information.

7. In Freudian theory, the actual events that occur in a dream are referred to as its

  1. unconscious content.
  2. latent content.
  3. manifest content.
  4. conscious content.

8. In Freudian theory, the underlying meaning of a dream is its

  1. unconscious content.
  2. latent content.
  3. manifest content.
  4. conscious content.

9. Approximately what percentage of the adult population suffers from persistent insomnia?

  1. 5%
  2. 10%
  3. 15%
  4. 20%

10. Individuals who stop breathing multiple times during the night suffer from

  1. insomnia.
  2. narcolepsy.
  3. sleep apnea.
  4. sleep aphasia.

11. The belief that hypnosis is a phenomenon in which one’s consciousness divides or

splits is

  1. dissociation.
  2. schizophrenia.
  3. multiple personality.
  4. extrasensory perception.

12. Reduction of central nervous system activity is the defining feature of

  1. stimulants.
  2. hallucinogens.
  3. depressants.
  4. all of the above.

13. Which of the following is a stimulant?

  1. alcohol
  2. LSD
  3. heroin
  4. nicotine

14. The organ most severely damaged by alcohol is the

  1. stomach.
  2. liver.
  3. heart.
  4. kidney.

15. During paradoxical sleep, muscles seem paralyzed and

  1. eyes dart about in various directions
  2. breathing is slow and shallow
  3. night terrors are likely
  4. sleepwalking occurs

16. Monitoring by the hidden observer during hypnosis provides evidence for

  1. the nonconscious
  2. activation-synthesis
  3. dissociation of consciousness
  4. role playing

17. Night terrors most often occur during

  1. Stage 1
  2. Stage 2
  3. Stage 3
  4. Stage 4

18. Cocaine is a psychoactive drug of the class.

  1. depressant
  2. opiate
  3. hallucinogen
  4. stimulant

19. Which of the following is the correct order of a cycle of sleep?

  1. 1,2,3,4,REM,3,2,1
  2. 1,2,3,4,3,REM,2,1
  3. REM, 1,1,3,4,3,2,1
  4. 1,2,3,4,3,2,REM

20. Which of the following is NOT classified as a hallucinogen?

  1. psilocybin
  2. LSD
  3. marijuana
  4. cocaine

21. A therapist who analyzes your dreams is most likely to have been trained according to the______school of psychology.

  1. psychoanalytic
  2. behaviorism
  3. biological
  4. cognitive