Biology 105 Midterm 1 v. 1 Feb. 13, 2007
Name______
1. A person is homozygous dominant for curly hair (C/c), homozygous recessive for freckles (F/f), and heterozygous for thalessemia (T/t). The correct way to write this in genetic notation would be
a. CFT b. CCFFTt c. CCffTt d. CcFfTt
2. The structure of the double helix explains
a. Chargaff’s rule b. how mutations occur
c. why UV light is dangerous d. how protein is made
3. The direct function of genes is to
a. cause or prevent genetic diseases b. maintain function of the body
c. allow sexual reproduction to occur d. cause proteins to be produced
4. If both parents show a dominant trait, is it possible for their child to show the recessive trait?
a. yes b. no
5. Which process contributes to the genetic variation needed for evolution to occur?
a. mitosis b. meiosis c. both d. neither
6. A group of 3 nucleotide bases forms a
a. ribosome b. amino acid c. codon d. gene
7. What types of children, in what proportions, would be expected if a man heterozygous for the dominant condition dimples, with a straight hairline marries a woman heterozygous for both dimples and the dominant condition Widows peak?
a. ¼ dimples, widows peak, ¼ no dimples, widows peak, ¼ dimples, straight hairline, ¼ no dimples, straight hairline
b. ½ dimples, widows peak, ½ dimples, straight hairline
c. 9/16 dimples, widows peak, 3/16 no dimples, widows peak, 3/16 dimples, straight hairline, 1/16 no dimples, straight hairline
d. 3/8 dimples, widows peak, 1/8 no dimples, widows peak, 3/8 dimples, straight hairline, 1/8 no dimples, straight hairline
8. The genotype of Mr. Blake is AA Bb kk Zz Ff Oo nn
The genotype of Mrs. Blake is AA bb KK Zz Ff Oo nn
How many unique gamete types can be produced by Mr. Blake?
a. 4 b. 8 c. 16 d. 32
9. The genotype of Mr. Blake is AA Bb kk Zz Ff Oo nn
The genotype of Mrs. Blake is AA bb KK Zz Ff Oo nn
What are the chances of Mr. and Mrs. Blake having a child with bb in his or her genotype?
a. 1 b. ½ c. ¼ d. 0
10. How does DNA convey information?
a. by using a random but sophisticated mechanism involving thermodynamics
b. by interacting with the environment
c. by using a different genetic code for each species
d. in a manner similar to the way we arrange letters of the alphabet to create words
11. Which of the following is NOT true of typical quantitative traits?
a. Their inheritance patterns are easy to follow with a Punnett square.
b. They are affected by both genes and the environment.
c .They are influenced by more than one gene.
d. They show continuous variation.
12. Which karyotype is a normal variant, causing no symptoms or disease condition?
a. XO b. XXX c. XXY d. XYY
13. Which type of gene does not regulate cell growth correctly?
a. a proto-oncogene b. an oncogene c. a tumor suppressor gene d. none of these do
14. Which process produces haploid cells?
a. meiosis b. mitosis c. both d. neither
15. If a woman who was a carrier for the X-linked trait colorblindness married a man with normal vision, what would you predict about their children?
a. all of their sons would be colorblind b. half of their sons would be colorblind
c. all of their daughters would be colorblind d. half of their daughters would be colorblind
16. A promoter is used to start the synthesis of
a. RNA b. DNA c. protein d. both a and d
17. Each unique form of the same gene is called
a. a chromatid b. a chromosome c. a genome d. an allele
18. Which is the possible result of a point mutation in a gene?
a. An incorrect amino acid could be put into the protein.
b. An altered protein could be formed and cause a genetic disease
c. The protein formed by the mutant gene could be identical to the normal protein.
d. Any of these are possible.
19. In birds, sex is determined by a ZW chromosome scheme rather than by the XY scheme seen in humans. Male birds are ZZ and female birds are ZW. A lethal recessive allele that causes the death of the embryo occurs on the Z chromosome of pigeons. What would the sex ratio of the offspring be in a cross between a male heterozygous for the lethal allele and a normal female?
a. 2:1 male to female b. 1:2 male to female
c. 1:1 female to male d. 3:1 male to female
20. People who carry both the sickle-cell allele and the normal allele make red blood cells that have both sickle-cell and normal hemoglobin. What is this type of inheritance called?
a. recessive b. dominant c. codominant d. incompletely dominant
21. If one side of a DNA molecule read GCGAAT, the other side would be
a. TAAGCG b. CGCTTA c. ATTCGC d. CGCAAT
22. If guanine (G) makes up 17% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA, then thymine (T) will make up what percent of the bases?
a. 33% b. 34% c. 17% d. you cannot tell from this information
23. In dogs, dark coat color (D) is dominant over albino (d), and short hair (S) is dominant over long hair (s). Determine the genotypes of the parents in the cross below.
number of puppies of each type
dark, dark, albino, albino,
parents short long short long
dark, long X albino, short 4 5 3 4
a. Ddss X ddSs b. DDss X ddSS c. DdSs X ddSs d. DDSS X ddss
24. The carriers of an X-linked recessive trait are ____ that do not express the recessive trait they carry.
a. homozygous individuals of either sex b. heterozygous individuals of either sex
c. heterozygous females d. heterozygous males
25. The enzyme DNA polymerase has the ability to ______and ______DNA chains
a. synthesize; digest b. synthesize; protect c. proofread; destroy d. synthesize; proofread
26. DNA replication results in the duplication of a DNA molecule to form 2 identical offspring molecules. Which of the following statements about DNA replication is true?
a. Of the two new DNA molecules, one contains all old DNA and the other all newly made DNA
b. Both of the new DNA molecules are entirely newly made, the old DNA was destroyed
c. Both of the new DNA molecules have half of the old DNA and are half newly made DNA
d. Both of the new DNA molecules have random patches of old DNA interspersed with patches of newly made DNA
27. If an extra nucleotide is inserted into a gene, it causes a
a. frameshift mutation b. point mutation c. inversion d. none of the above
28. Which chromosomal condition causes the most serious results?
a. on e X, no other sex chromosome b. 3 copies of X chromosome
c. one X and two Y’s d. 3 copies of chromosome 13
29. Formation of protein in the cell cytoplasm requires the participation of:
a. bacteria b. ribosomes c. single-stranded DNA d. double-stranded DNA
30. A hypothesis that is not ______is not within the realm of science.
a. logical b. falsifiable c. complex d. biological
31. DNA is made up of nitrogen-containing bases, deoxyribose sugar, and ______.
a. nitrate b. amino acid c. RNA d. phosphate
32. In his research, Gregor Mendel used
a. pea plants b. fruit flies c. chickens d. corn plants
33. Phenylketonuria is an inborn error of metabolism caused by a recessive allele. If a baby with this condition is born to two phenotypically normal parents, the combination of parental genotypes can be represented as:
a. pp x PP b. pp x Pp c. pp x pp d. Pp x Pp
34. The scientists who discovered the structure of DNA were:
a. Darwin and Wallace b. Franklin and Pauling c. Watson and Crick d. Hagley and Melroy
35. RNA differs from DNA in which way?
a. some of the bases are different b. the phosphates are different
c. the sugars are different d. both a and c are correct
36. Which product was developed to help underfed people get a more nutritious diet?
a. round-up resistant soybeans b. flavr-savr tomatoes
c. golden rice d. all of these
37. Most information on cancer risks come from what type of studies?
a. studies of disease progression b. epidemiological studies
c. studies of pharmaceutical action d. DNA studies
38. Which are normally identical to one another, at least during part of their existence?
a. sister chromatids b. homologous chrosomes c. neither d. both
39. Egg and sperm cells are also called
a. ribosomes b. gametes c. alleles d. DNA
40. Which of the following is true of a species with a chromosome number of 2N = 16?
a. A diploid cell will have 32 chromosomes.
b. The species has 16 different types of chromosomes.
c. There are 16 homologous pairs.
d. A gamete from this species has 8 chromosomes.
41. In which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids become separated?
a. prophase b. interphase c. anaphase d. metaphase
42. What is the primary reason for including a control in the design of an experiment?
a. to demonstrate in what way the experiment was performed incorrectly
b. to insure that the results obtained are due to a difference in only one variable
c. to provide more data so a more sophisticated statistical analysis can be performed
d. to test the effect of more than one variable
43. Which gene, if accidentally moved from the Y chromosome to the X chromosome, can make an XX person inheriting that chromosome male?
a. sry b. pku c. tdf d. ekg
44. Which process is seen in meiosis but not mitosis?
a. chromosome replication b. crossing over
c. spindle formation d. all are seen in both mitosis and meiosis
45. Lori Brown has blood type B; her brother Sam has blood type A; their mother, Mrs. Brown, has blood type O. What is Lori’s genotype?
a. definitely IBIB b. definitely IAIB c. definitely IBi d. either IBIB or IBi
46. Bacteria can distinguish between their original DNA and DNA sequences introduced by scientists from other organisms.
a. true b. false
47. VNTR sequences
a. are only seen in some people b. are associated with genetic disease
c. can cause serious mutations d. are found in different numbers in different people
48. What is the name for a picture of a person’s chromosomes, cut out with the homologs placed together?
a. tetrad b. centromere c. karyotype d. diploid
49. DNA and protein are both long, unbranched molecules made of many small subunits put together. The subunits for protein are ____, while those of DNA are ____.
a. nucleotide bases; amino acids b. amino acids; phosphate
c. amino acids; nucleotide bases d. phosphates; nucleotide bases
50. Which can amplify a small sample of DNA (increase the amount of DNA in it)?
a. a PCR (polymerase chain reaction) machine b. an electron microscope
c. a DNA fingerprint d. chorionic villus sampling
51. In the scientific method, you design and carry out experiments which will test ______based on your ______.
a. conclusions/hypothesis b. predictions/hypothesis
c. predictions/conclusions d. hypotheses/conclusions
Biology 105 Midterm 1 v. 2 Feb. 13, 2007
Name______
1. Which of the following is true of a species with a chromosome number of N = 16?
a. A diploid cell will have 16 chromosomes. b. The species has 16 different types of chromosomes.
c. There are 8 homologous pairs. d. A gamete from this species has 32 chromosomes.
2. Which process produces diploid cells in the human body?
a. meiosis b. mitosis c. both d. neither
3. The behavior of cancer cells differs from that of normal cells in which way?
a. cancer cells do not make a good contact with their neighbors
b. cancer cells will grow on top of each other
c. cancer cells can secrete chemicals causing blood vessels to grow to them
d. cancer cells may differ from normal cells in all of these ways.
4. To be useful in science, a hypothesis must be:
a. simple b. logical c. testable d. detailed
5. Pieces of DNA that differ in length from person to person are the basis for:
a. genetic engineering b. nondisjunction c. DNA fingerprinting d. amniocentesis
6. Which organism was favored for genetic research in the early 1900’s (after Mendel) due to its small size and quick generation time?
a. fruit flies b. bacteria c. chickens d. pea plants
7. If one nucleotide is accidentally changed for another, it causes a
a. frameshift mutation b. point mutation c. inversion d. none of the above
8. If guanine (G) makes up 23% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA, then thymine (T) will make up what percent of the bases?
a. 23% b. 54% c. 27% d. you cannot tell from this information
9. In the process called transcription:
a. DNA is used to make more DNA
b. DNA is not used
c. messenger RNA and transfer RNA are used to make a protein sequence
d. messenger RNA is synthesized
10. It is possible to take a gene from a human being, put it into bacteria, and have those bacteria produce the protein coded for by that human gene. The human protein produced in this way is indistinguishable from the protein produced in human cells. From this we can conclude that
a. Bacteria and humans must be closely related.
b. Bacteria normally contain many human proteins.
c. The way proteins are produced from genes must be the same in humans and bacteria.
d. Human cells and bacterial cells are identical.
11. Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inborn error of metabolism caused by a recessive allele. If a baby with this condition is born to two phenotypically normal parents, the combination of parental genotypes can be represented as:
a. pp x PP b. pp x Pp c. pp x pp d. Pp x Pp