Online Material 1. Estimation of null allele frequency using the EM algorithm (Dempster et al. 1977) using the software FreeNA (Chapuis, M.-P. and Estoup, A. (2007) Microsatellite null alleles and estimation of population differentiation. Molecular Biology and Evolution 24(3): 621-631.

Dma1 / B008 / S6-199 / B064 / Dm14 / B096 / Dma15 / Dma3R / Dma11 / mean per population
Pepin / 0.009 / 0.114 / 0.330 / 0.001 / 0.001 / 0.197 / 0.001 / 0.001 / 0.001 / 0.073
West Point / 0.294 / 0.110 / 0.167 / 0.237 / 0.001 / 0.290 / 0.267 / 0.001 / 0.001 / 0.152
Harlan / 0.000 / 0.000 / 0.040 / 0.001 / 0.315 / 0.223 / 0.000 / 0.001 / 0.001 / 0.065
Bull Shoals / 0.000 / 0.078 / 0.000 / 0.001 / 0.224 / 0.000 / 0.090 / 0.001 / 0.001 / 0.044
Millwood / 0.000 / 0.000 / 0.095 / 0.001 / 0.001 / 0.000 / 0.000 / 0.001 / 0.001 / 0.011
Texoma / 0.000 / 0.153 / 0.000 / 0.001 / 0.001 / 0.000 / 0.072 / 0.001 / 0.001 / 0.025
Ray-Roberts / 0.000 / 0.146 / 0.000 / 0.001 / 0.000 / 0.112 / 0.000 / 0.001 / 0.001 / 0.029
Atchafalaya / 0.000 / 0.000 / 0.000 / 0.001 / 0.001 / 0.001 / 0.315 / 0.000 / 0.000 / 0.035
Africa / 0.001 / 0.325 / 0.000 / 0.000 / 0.001 / 0.000 / 0.000 / 0.001 / 0.001 / 0.037
Thailand / 0.104 / 0.001 / 0.000 / 0.001 / 0.001 / 0.001 / 0.000 / 0.001 / 0.104 / 0.024
Nepal / 0.157 / 0.001 / 0.000 / 0.001 / 0.000 / 0.000 / 0.207 / 0.000 / 0.153 / 0.058
Lyell / 0.315 / 0.001 / 0.290 / 0.001 / 0.001 / 0.000 / 0.001 / 0.000 / 0.001 / 0.068
Parra / 0.136 / 0.204 / 0.201 / 0.001 / 0.000 / 0.000 / 0.001 / 0.127 / 0.001 / 0.074
mean per locus / 0.078 / 0.087 / 0.086 / 0.019 / 0.042 / 0.063 / 0.073 / 0.010 / 0.020
overall mean / 0.053

Online Material 2

2A. Delta K (Evanno et al 2005) for native and nonnative populations.

2B. Posterior probability for 13 native and non-native populations obtained from 10 runs for each value of K (Pritchard et al. 2000).

Online Material 3

3A. Delta K (Evanno et al 2005) for eight North-American populations.

3B. Posterior probability for for eight North-American populations obtained from 10 runs for each value of K (Pritchard et al. 2000).