2013 Final Review Questions (Ch. 5: All, Ch. 6: All, Ch. 7: All, Ch. 8: All, Ch. 9 Sections
Name ______Period ____
2013 Final Review Questions (Ch. 5: All, Ch. 6: All, Ch. 7: All, Ch. 8: All, Ch. 9 Sections 1-3)
Short Answer- Ch. 5
- What two things must you know to determine speed?
2.What is the difference between speed and velocity?
3.What is acceleration?
4.Does a change in direction affect acceleration? Explain your answer.
5.Explain the difference between balanced and unbalanced forces and how each affects the motion of an object.
6.Explain why friction occurs.
7.Give an example of each of the following types of friction: sliding, rolling, and fluid.
8.How does the mass of an object relate to the gravitational force the object exerts on other objects?
9.How does the distance between objects affect the gravity between them?
10.Explain why your weight would change if you orbited Earth in the space shuttle but your mass would not.
11.What is centripetal acceleration?
12.How do you calculate speed?
13.How do you calculate velocity?
14.How do you calculate acceleration?
15.What is a net force?
16.What is gravity?
Short Answer- Ch. 6
1.How does air resistance affect the acceleration of falling objects?
2.How is an orbit formed?
3.How is inertia related to Newton's first law of motion?
4.Name two ways to increase the acceleration of an object.
5.If the acceleration due to gravity were somehow doubled to 19.6 m/s/s, what would happen to your weight?
6.Which has more momentum, a mouse running at 1 m/s north or an elephant walking at 3 m/s east? Explain your answer.
7.Explain why a ball moves in a straight line as it rolls across a table but follows a curved path once it rolls off the edge of the table.
8.Explain why results differ on the moon and on Earth when a hammer and a feather are dropped from the same height at exactly the same time.
9.How does Newton's second law explain why it is easier to push a bicycle than to push a car with the same acceleration?
10.What are two ways that you can increase the acceleration of a loaded grocery cart?
11.How does Newton's third law explain how a rocket takes off?
12.Explain how an orbit is formed.
13.Suppose you are standing on a skateboard or on in-line skates and you toss a backpack full of heavy books toward your friend. What do you think will happen to you and why? Explain your answer in terms of Newton’s third law of motion.
14.A rock climber dislodges a stone while climbing a mountain. The stone falls straight down, taking exactly 3.5 s to hit the ground. Ignoring air resistance, how fast was the stone traveling when it hit the ground? Show your work.
Short Answer- Ch. 7
1.How do particles in a fluid exert pressure on a container?
2.Why are you not crushed by atmospheric pressure?
3.Explain why dams on deep lakes should be thicker at the bottom than near the top.
4.What does Pascal's principle state?
5.When you squeeze a balloon, where is the pressure inside the balloon increased the most? Explain your answer in terms of Pascal's principle.
6.An object weighs 20 N. It displaces a volume of water that weighs 15 N.
a.What is the buoyant force on the object?
b.Will this object float or sink? Explain your answer.
7.Iron has a density of 7.9 g/cm3. Mercury has a density of 13.6 g/cm3. Will iron float or sink in mercury? Explain your answer.
8.Why is it inaccurate to say that all heavy objects will sink in water?
9.Does fluid pressure increase or decrease as fluid speed increases?
10.What force opposes motion through a fluid?
11.When the space through which a fluid flows becomes narrow, fluid speed increases. Explain how this could lead to a collision for two boats passing very close to each other.
12.What do liquids and gases have in common?
13.Why does pressure increase with depth?
14.How can you determine the buoyant force acting on an object?
15.What forces act on an aircraft?
16.Why are liquids used in hydraulic brakes instead of gases?
Short Answer- Ch. 8
1.Work is done on a ball when a pitcher throws it. Is the pitcher still doing work on the ball as it flies through the air? Explain.
2.Explain the difference between work and power.
3.You lift a chair that weighs 50 N to a height of 0.5 m and carry it 10 m across the room. How much work do you do on the chair?
4.Explain how using a ramp makes work easier.
5.Why is it impossible for a machine to be 100 percent efficient?
6.Suppose you exert 15 N on a machine, and the machine exerts 300 N on another object. What is the machine's mechanical advantage?
7.Give an example of a wheel and an axle.
8.Identify the simple machines that make up tweezers and nail clippers.
9.What are the two things that must happen for work to be done?
10.You push a 75 N box 3 m across the floor. How much work has been done?
11.What is the power of a small motor that can do 4500 J of work in 25 s?
12.How does a machine make work easier?
13.What two things do you need to know in order to calculate mechanical efficiency?
14.You and a friend together apply a force of 1,000 N to a 3,000 N automobile to make it roll 10 m in 1 min and 40 s.
a.How much work did you and your friend do together?
b.What was your combined power?
Short Answer- Ch. 9 Sections 1-3 only
1.How are energy and work related?
2.What is the difference between kinetic and potential energy?
3.What determines an object's thermal energy?
4.Describe why chemical energy is a form of potential energy.
5.What is an energy conversion?
6.Describe an example in which electrical energy is converted into thermal energy.
7.Describe the energy conversions that take place in a pendulum, and explain how the energy is conserved.
8.Why is perpetual motion impossible?
9.Compare fossil fuels and biomass.
10.Why is nuclear energy a nonrenewable resource?
11.Trace electrical energy back to the sun.
12.Name the five types of energy that are considered renewable resources.
13.If the sun were exhausted of its nuclear energy, what would happen to our energy resources on Earth?
Use the diagram below to answer the following questions.
14.At which point(s) does the pendulum have the most potential energy?
15.At which point(s) does the pendulum have the most kinetic energy?