2010 PACE National Championship Tournament

Edited by Chris Ray, Andy Watkins, Rob Carson, Hannah Kirsch, and Bernadette Spencer

Round 22 – Tiebreaker I

Tossups

1. This author wrote poems depicting figures like Frederic Chopin and Antoine Watteau in his book Pleasures and Days and attacked biographically-influenced criticism in his essay collection Against Saint-Beuve. In one of this author's novels, a musician places sheet music in full view of a window in the hopes that someone will ask him to play. That musician, (*) Vinteuil, appears in a novel that this man wrote in a cork-lined bedroom, whose first volume sees the narrator become obsessed with Albertine. “Swann’s Way” appears in the most famous work of, for 10 points, what French author who wrote about memories inspired by a tea-soaked madeleine in his novel In Search of Lost Time.

ANSWER: Marcel Proust [or Valentin Louis Georges Eugène Marcel Proust]

2. Senators Charles McNary and Clarence Dill based their campaigns around public ownership of dams on this river, and the Celilo Canal was built to facilitate travel on it. Until about 13,000 years ago, this river discharged water from the melting Missoula Glacier, resulting in around forty catastrophic floods. Construction projects on this river were initiated by the Bonneville Power Administration, and it became shallower after Mount (*) Saint Helens erupted. Banks Lake is formed by the major hydroelectric installation on this river, the Grand Coulee dam. Rising in the Rocky Mountains in British Columbia and receiving water from the Snake and Willamette Rivers, for 10 points, name this fourth-largest American river which forms most of the border between Oregon and Washington.

ANSWER: Columbia River

<Meade>

3. One important psychological study of this phenomenon involved spiral-shaped colored disks in kindergarten classrooms. The stages of this concept are commonly outlined using the Atkinson-Shiffrin model. A key paper on one form of it, “Lost in the Shopping Mall,” was written by Elizabeth Loftus, who has served as an expert witness concerning this phenomenon. One form of it is affected by the (*) “magic number” of seven plus or minus two, which can be expanded by “chunking.” Another form of it arises from sudden, traumatic events and is known as the vivid, “flashbulb” form of this phenomenon. For 10 points, identify this mental phenomenon that exists in sensory, short-term, and long-term types.

ANSWER: memory [accept word forms and equivalents]

4. In statistical mechanics, this quantity is the conjugate variable to entropy, and for a system at constant volume, it is defined as the derivative of internal energy with respect to entropy. The Van’t Hoff equation evaluates the changes in the dissociation constant associated with changes in this quantity, which decreases in throttling processes in real gases due to the (*) Joule-Kelvin effect and which is held constant in Boyle's law. The third law of thermodynamics states that entropy approaches a minimum as this quantity approaches absolute zero. For 10 points, identify this quantity which remains constant in isothermal processes and can be measured in Kelvins or degrees Fahrenheit.

ANSWER: temperature [prompt on T]

<Razvi>

5. Several political groups in this country soundly rejected the Viollette Plan, which would have given voting rights to 21,000 of this country's “meritorious.” A political party in this country was based out of Constantine and founded by Ben Badis. The Messali-formed People's Party and the Organic Statute of 1947 were opposed by a group in this country known as the (*) “black feet.” One terrorist organization from this country was the OS, which was taken over by Ahmed Ben Bella, who eventually founded the CRUA and the FLN just prior to its war of independence; that war was ended by the Evian Accords and lasted from 1954 to 1962. For 10 points, name this North African country with capital Algiers.

ANSWER: People's Democratic Republic of Algeria [or al Jumhuriyya al Jazaa'iriyya al Dimuqratiyya ash Sha'biyya]

<Gupta>

6. This artist depicted two people who have fallen into a ditch about to be joined by four more in his The Blind Leading the Blind and painted the titular woman leading an army into hell in Dulle Griet. The Gloomy Day and The Harvesters appear in a collection depicting six months in a rural village, whose most famous entry is set overlooking an iced-over pond and is entitled (*) Hunters in the Snow. Symbols of fertility abound in his wheat-hued Peasant Wedding, while he created two works depicting the titular structure in the style of a Roman amphitheater overlooking a harbor at bottom right. A ship sails toward the horizon and a man plows on indifferent to the legs and feathers disappearing into the ocean in his Landscape with the Fall of Icarus. For 10 points, name this Netherlandish painter of The Tower of Babel.

ANSWER: Pieter Bruegel the Elder

<Ray>

7. In one story by this author, a girl with a large watch expresses a belief that Americans despise tea to a figure later identified as “Staff Sergeant X.” Another of his female characters laments her marriage to Lew and recalls her former boyfriend, who was killed while serving in the army in Japan by an exploding stove. Another of his characters discusses literature with nuns at Penn Station and reunites with (*) Sally Hayes after losing a fencing team's equipment and being expelled from Pencey Prep. His stories of the Glass family include Seymour's suicide in “A Perfect Day for Bananafish,” one of his Nine Stories, as well as the two-part novella Franny and Zooey. For 10 points, name this late, reclusive author who wrote of phony-hating Holden Caulfield in The Catcher in the Rye.

ANSWER: Jerome David Salinger

8. This results in embodiment of either bhavya or abhavya depending on one's faith according to one tradition. Sikhs who undergo this process do not have to become mendicants as long as they live solely for others, in contrast to the Jain notion of the Siddhis who have become ascetics. The four margas, or paths for (*) achieving this goal, are enumerated in the Raja, Yana, Bhakti, and Karma Yogas. Arivata guards righteous souls not prepared for this process in the realm of Svarga, where the await the liberation of their dukkha, or suffering. For 10 points, identify this concept in Indic religion, the release of one's soul from the cycle of samsara.

ANSWER: moksha [or mukti]

<Gupta>

9. An asymmetric formation of matter from one of these entities can result in a coulee, such as the phonolite-created ones in western Saudi Arabia, Chao, and Mono Lake. When that matter is rich in alkali elements, it is classified as a natrocarbonatite, which is commonly seen as driblet cones called hornitos. The vesiculation and umbrella regions characterize the (*) events associated with these entities, which can produce “pillow” formations when occurring underwater and often exhibit pahoehoe flows. These entities leave behind calderas, and those that converge in a steep summit are known as the “strato” variety. For 10 points, name these openings in the Earth which spew magma and ash during eruptions.

ANSWER: volcanoes

<Gupta>

10. A poster circulated by this group depicted a black skull above a crossed knife and fork, and following demonstrations they circulated signs with slogans like “The Hungry Will Eat the Authorities.” A splinter group from this organization combined its symbol with a crowned eagle and the (*) Kotwica. The first prime minister elected from this organization spoke of the “thick line” that would demarcate his policies compared to the past. This group participated in the Round Table Talks along with Internal Affairs minister Czesław Kiszczak in 1989. For 10 points, name this organization founded at the Gdansk shipyard in 1980 by Lech Wałęsa, a Polish Trade Union.

ANSWER: Solidarity

11. A possible analogue of this deity lives on the seashore past a tunnel under Mt. Mashu; that figure knows how to find Urshanabi and is the divine alewife Siduri. Another myth describes how fingernail dirt was used to create a masculine mirror version of this goddess called Saltu. The eunuch Asu-shu-namir once sprinkled this deity with the water of life, and her holy city is (*) Uruk, to which she also sent the Bull of Heaven that killed Enkidu. She was once forced to remove a piece of clothing at each of the seven gates to the underworld in an attempt to rescue her lover Tammuz. For 10 points, name this sister of Ereshkigal, the Babylonian goddess of love and fertility.

Answer: Ishtar [accept Inanna or Astarte; also accept Siduri before mention]

12. This architect edited the Athens Charter on urban planning and designed the National Museum of Western Art in Tokyo. A stylized human figure segmented according to the golden ration is the emblem of his “modulor” system, and the Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts is his only building in the United States. This man designed the city of (*) Chandigarh in India, co-designed the United Nations building with Oscar Niemeyer, and authored the text Towards a New Architecture. He also created a house in Poissy which sums up his “five points” of architecture, as well as a concrete chapel in Ronchamp. For ten points, name this Swiss-French architect who designed the Villa Savoye and Notre Dame du Haut.

ANSWER: Le Corbusier [or Charles-Édouard Jeanneret-Gris]

13. This author described “pitiless heat” pouring “from the heavens / by day, but nights are cool” in the first section of a long poem that describes such time periods as Summer, Rains, and Winter, The Medley of Seasons. This author wrote about the title warrior's fights with the Huns in (*) Raghuvamsha, and another of his works describes the journey from the “hapless home” in the Vindhya mountains of a yaksha, who had been exiled by Kubera. In his most famous play, Dushyanta cannot identify his wife because she has lost her signet ring. For 10 points, name this author of The Cloud Messenger and The Recognition of Shakuntala, a Sanskrit-language writer.

ANSWER: Kalidasa

14. This brother of Leofwine was captured by Guy of Ponthieu after a shipwreck, but rescued by a future rival, whom this man aided against Conan II of Brittany. Generals loyal to this man included Edwin of Mercia and Morcar of Northumbria, who fought for this man at the Battle of Fulford. One rebellion against this man was joined by his brother (*) Tostig, and he died on Senlac Hill after earlier defeating the Norwegian Harald Hardrada at the Battle of Stamford Bridge. According to legend, this man died of an arrow to the eye while doing battle against the Normans. For 10 points, name this English king who lost to William the Conqueror at the 1066 Battle of Hastings.

ANSWER: Harold Godwinson [accept Harold of Senlac on early buzz]

15. This molecule can suppress the inflammatory response mediated by toll-like receptor 4. This molecule's protection against seizures was not observed in mice lacking the delta subunit of the GABA receptor. Low IQ, central nervous system dysfunction, and facial abnormalities are characteristic of a congenital defect caused by too high an (*) intake of this molecule during pregnancy. High intake of this molecule can cause thiamin absorption problems leading to Korsakoff’s Syndrome, while an enzyme important to this compound's metabolism is acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, which is absent in many Asian populations. Cirrhosis of the liver can result from extended intake of, for 10 points, what molecule produced via a namesake fermentation, notably found in wine?

ANSWER: ethanol [or alcohol]

<Wynne>

16. This philosopher claimed man was the exact point between infinity and nothingness, equally capable of perceiving either. This thinker disputed the idea that a man could adopt a “probable opinion” based on the authority of a priest in a work that condemned casuistry. That work was written to defend Antoine Arnauld from attacks by the Sorbonne. This author of the pro-(*) Jansenist tract Provincial Letters underwent a “Night of Fire,” after which he wrote a work asserting that belief in God was logically justified because the consequences of belief are low and the benefits high, in contrast to the high consequences of disbelief. For 10 points, name this French author of the Pensées, which contain his namesake “Wager.”

ANSWER: Blaise Pascal

<Meade>

17. Senator Pomeroy gave the opening speech at a Washington conference organized by this figure, which unsuccessfully sought expansion of the Fifteenth Amendment. Parker Pilsbury worked under this publisher of the influential Revolution newspaper. Carrie Chapman Catt succeeded this (*) Quaker in one post, and after this figure was barred from speaking at an Albany temperance meeting, she formed the Woman's New York State Temperance Society. This activist also refused to pay a fine imposed for voting in the 1872 Presidential Election and despite not attending the Senecca Falls Convention, publicly affirmed her support for the efforts of Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. For 10 points, name this early leader of the women's rights movement

ANSWER: Susan Brownell Anthony

18. A basis formed from the eigenstates of this operator is the subject of the Wigner-Eckhart theorem. The eigenvalues of this operator along a selected axis is equal to ℏ (“h-bar”) times the magnetic quantum number. The commutator of two orthonormal operators describing this quantity is equal to minus i times ℏ (“h-bar”) times the third. This quantity can be summed quantum-mechanically using Clebsch-Gordan coefficients. Pulsars and other rapidly rotating bodies demonstrate the conservation of this rotational quantity, the time derivative of torque. For 10 points, name this quantity equal to the product of moment of inertia and angular velocity.