00级临床医学、预防医学专业《儿科学》考卷 2005.6

姓名 学号 班级 成绩

一、选择题(每题1分,共40分)A型题

  1. During fetal life, the earliest synthesized immunoglobin is

  1. IgM
  2. IgD
  3. IgG
  4. IgA
  5. IgE

2. The range of serum natrium concentration inisonatremic dehydration should be

  1. 120~140mmol/L
  2. 130~160mmol/L
  3. 140~160mmol/L
  4. 140~150mmol/L
  5. 130~150mmol/L

3. A boy, one year old ,with high fever 6 days, listlessness, frequent cough, paroxysmal respiratory distress . Physical examination: nares flaring, marked inspiratory retractions, dullness at both lower lungs, decreased breath sounds, small amount of fine moist rale through both lungs. The white blood count was 9.0×109/L, the chest x-ray showed bilaterally patchy shadow of density. The most likely diagnosis is:

A. staphylococcal pneumonia

B. respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia

C. adenovirus pneumonia

D. mycoplasma pneumonia

E. pneumoncoccus pneumonia

4. Which is main difference between dehydration of severe degree and moderate degree?

  1. poor skin resiliency
  2. orbit pitting
  3. oliguria or anuria
  4. metabolic acidosis
  5. peripheral circulatory failure

5. A pre-term baby of one month and two days old, gestational age 35 weeks, born in winter, breast feeding, weight is increasing from 2.0kg to 3.0kg. Now which supplementary food is added to at first and why?

A. rice-water, for supplementation of energy

B. vegetable soup,for supplementation of mineral substances

C. rice-paste,for supplementation of energy

D. cod liver oil, for supplementation of Vit A

E. cod liver oil, for supplementation of Vit D

6. What time is better for weaning in breast feeding baby?

  1. 4-5 months of age
  2. 6-9 months of age
  3. 10-12 months of age
  4. 13-15 months of age
  5. 18 months of age

7. The ratio of Calcium and Phosphorus in breast-milk is

  1. 1:2
  2. 1.5:1
  3. 2:1
  4. 1.2:1
  5. 1.5:2

8. What is the most important clinical feature of nephritic syndrome?

  1. Proteinuria
  2. Edema
  3. Hypertension
  4. Hypoalbuminemia
  5. Hypercholesteolemia

9. Very low birth-weight infant is the newborn whose birth weight is less than

  1. 2500g
  2. 2000g
  3. 1500g
  4. 1000g
  5. 800g

10. The major manifestation of Tuberculous meningitis in children is

A. A tense anterior fontaneal

B. Convulsion

C. Stupor

D. Cranial nerve palsies

E. Mood changes

11. If the mother’s Rh blood type is CcDdee and the fetus is CcDdEe, then Rh incompatibility should be

  1. C antigen
  2. c antigen
  3. D antigen
  4. E antigen
  5. e antigen

12. DTP (Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis vaccine), Primary immunization should be taken

A. Just one time

B. Once a month, two times

C. Once a month, three times

D. Once a week, two times

E. Once a week, three times

13. Physiologic weight lower of a normal newborn will be recovered in

  1. 1~3days
  2. 3~5 days
  3. 5~7 days
  4. 7~10 days
  5. 10~14 days

14. A healthy boy, one year and six months old, how much energy and water should he require everyday ?

energy (kj) /kg water(ml) /kg

A. 418 (100 kcal) 100

B. 460 (110 kcal) 100

C. 418 (100 kcal) 110

D. 418 (100 kcal) 125

E. 925 (150 kcal) 150

15. An infant, weight 7 kg, length 65 cm,head circumference 42 cm, the infant should be

A. 5 months old

B. 6 months old

C. 7 months old

D. 8 months old

E. 9 months old

16. If a staphylococcal pneumonia patient suddenly breath difficultly, we should consider that is because :

  1. high fever
  2. acidosis
  3. pneumonia developed
  4. pyopnemothorax
  5. heart failure

17. Which one is the most common type of TB in children

  1. Primary pulmonary tuberculosis
  2. Miliary tuberculosis
  3. Tuberculosis meningitis
  4. Tubeculosis of abdomen
  5. Tuberculous pleurisy

18. Which one is the cyanotic type of congenital heart disease

  1. ventricular septal defect
  2. atrial septal defect
  3. tetralogy of Fallot
  4. Patent ductus arteriosus
  5. pulmonary stenosis

19. The major manifestions of acute glomerulonephritis are

  1. hypertension, hematuria, proteinuria
  2. proteinuria, hypertension
  3. edema, hypertension, hematuria
  4. oliguria, edema, hypertension, hematuria
  5. oliguria, edema, hematuria, hypercholesteolemia

20. PPD test is a reliable diagnostic test for tuberculosis, an infected patient respounds positively of infection

  1. immediately
  2. within 1-2 week
  3. within 2-4 week
  4. within 4-10 week
  5. after 10 week

21.4个月健康婴儿,生活在某地。因无母乳,当地只有羊奶。而喂羊奶的唯一缺点是

A. 蛋白质含量稍多,但以白蛋白为高

B. 脂肪含量多,但其脂肪球少

C. 叶酸与维生素B 12 含量少

D. 矿物质含量过高

E. 每100ml羊奶中的热量过低

22. 男孩,5岁,营养发育中等,平时少病。其标准体重、身长最可能为

A. 15kg、100cm B. 16kg、110cm

C. 16kg、100cm D. 18kg、115cm

E. 18kg、100cm

23. 女孩,1岁半。咳嗽4d,发热2d,气急1d,门诊诊断支气管肺炎。确诊最主要的体征是

A. 呼吸急促

B. 口唇、甲床青紫

C. 两肺叩诊浊音,呼吸音减低

D. 肺部细小湿罗音

E. 鼻翼扇动,张口呼吸

24. 男孩,4岁,因轻度浮肿、尿量减少,诊断为急性链球菌感染后肾炎。下列哪项最相符?

A. 大量尿蛋白

B. 低白蛋白血症

C. 明显浮肿

D. 高胆固醇血症

E. 血清尿素氮、肌酐在正常范围

25. 女孩,8岁。低热1周,咳嗽剧。体检:两肺底有水泡音,初步诊断为支原体肺炎。选用何种抗生素最合适?

A. 阿莫西林(羟氨苄青霉素)

B. 头孢氨苄

C. 邻氯青霉素

D. 红霉素

E. 四环素

26. 下列哪项对诊断川崎病最具特征意义?

A. 发热呈稽留热或驰张热

B. 红眼、唇干裂、草莓舌

C. 手、足皮肤广泛性硬性水肿,伴掌心、足底红斑

D. 全身泛发麻疹样、荨麻疹样或猩红热样皮疹

E. 热退时,指、趾端和甲床交界处呈膜样或片状脱皮

27. 患儿,6个月,诊断为法洛四联症。在一次哭闹后出现呼吸困难,随即昏厥,抽搐。产生此现象的最可能原因是

A. 呼吸衰竭

B. 心力衰竭

C. 循环衰竭

D. 因血液粘稠而产生肺栓塞

E. 以上均不是

28. 营养性缺铁性贫血患儿,血红蛋白90g/L,最合适的治疗是

A.反复多次少量输血

B.肌注右旋糖酐铁

C.服用硫酸亚铁及维生素C

D.服用枸橼酸铁胺

E.多进含铁丰富食品

29. 10个月婴儿,生后母乳喂养,奶量不足,未添加辅食,已逐渐苍白,肝肋下3cm,脾肋下1cm,质软。血:红细胞3×1012/L,血红蛋白70g/L,白细胞8×109/L,中性粒细胞35%,淋巴细胞64%,大单核细胞1%,可诊断为

A.营养性缺铁性贫血

B.营养性巨幼红细胞性贫血

C.营养性混合性贫血

D.溶血性贫血

E.生理性贫血

30. 男孩,10岁。患原发性肺结核。在其自然演变过程中,最为常见的情况是

A. 自然吸收或钙化

B. 发展为肺门淋巴结结核

C. 病灶溶解、坏死形成空洞

D. 血行播散

E. 发展为胸膜炎

31. 女婴,7个月,体重5.5kg。生后以母乳喂养,量少,未加辅食。尚未出牙,不会爬。体检:神志清,精神可,稍苍白,腹部皮下脂肪0.5cm,肌肉稍松驰。可能诊断是

A. 正常儿

B. 第1度营养不良

C. 佝偻病

D. 第2度营养不良

E. 第3度营养不良

32. 维生素D缺乏性佝偻病的骨骼改变,下列哪一项叙述是不正确的?

A.生后2-3个月出现鸡胸或漏斗胸

B.枕部乒乓头是活动性佝偻病的早期表现,多出现于3-6个月婴儿

C.生后8-9月出现方头

D.1岁半后前囟仍未闭

E.出牙可延迟到1岁,或到3岁才出齐

33. 佝偻病性手足搐搦症可有以下特点,除了

A. 全身性抽搐

B. 婴儿期可呈婴儿痉挛发作

C. 喉痉挛

D. 手足痉挛

E. 面神经征阳性

34. 女婴,4个月。冬季出生,足月顺产,单纯牛奶喂养。近半个月来较烦躁,夜寐欠佳。体检应注意的体征为

A. 方颅

B. 肋串珠

C. 颅骨软化

D. 鸡胸

E. "O"形腿

35. 测量皮下脂肪厚度主要是测

A.大腿内侧

B.腹围

C.面颊部

D.腹部脐旁乳头线上

E.以上都不是

36. 下列哪一项不是哮喘的防治原则

  1. 避免接触致敏原
  2. 应用支气管扩张剂
  3. 长期口服皮质激素
  4. 适当应用抗生素
  5. 免疫治疗

37. 小儿肺炎应用抗菌药物治疗时其停药时间一般为

A.体温正常,咳嗽消失

B.体温正常后5-7天,症状消失

C.体温正常,肺部体征消失,X线摄片或胸透病变明显好转后2-7天

D.体温正常后3-4天,症状消失

E.体温正常后3-4天,肺部体征消失

38. 小儿各系统器官发育最迟的是

A.生殖系统

B.神经系统

C.淋巴系统

D.脂肪组织

E.肌肉组织

39. 下列头围与胸围情况中,哪一条适合小儿发育的正常水平?

A.出生时头围34cm,胸围32cm

B.出生时头围32cm,胸围34cm

C.6个月时头围46cm,胸围等于头围

D.1岁时头围56cm,胸围大于头围

E.2岁时头围52cm,胸围大于头围

40. 小儿运动发育,下列哪一项发育不属于运动发育异常?

A.4个月时不能竖头

B.8个月稳坐并开始学爬

C.10个月不会坐

D.1岁不会站

E.1岁半不能走

二、问答题 (每题15分,共60分)

  1. 试述新生儿病理性黄疸和生理性黄疸的鉴别诊断。
  2. 试述腹泻伴脱水时静脉补液的原则。
  3. 试述肺炎合并心衰的诊断标准和处理原则。
  4. 试述室间隔缺损的血流动力学特点和临床表现。

00级临床医学、预防医学专业《儿科学》考卷

2005.6.

姓名 学号 班级 成绩

选择题:

1、( A ) 21、 ( C )

2、( E ) 22、 ( E )

3、( C ) 23、 ( D )

4、( E ) 24、 ( E )

5、( E ) 25、 ( D )

6、( C ) 26、 ( E )

7、( C ) 27、 ( E )

8、( A ) 28、 ( C )

9、( C ) 29、 ( A )

10、( E ) 30、 ( A )

11、( D ) 31、 ( B )

12、( C ) 32、 ( A )

13、( D ) 33、 ( B )

14、( D ) 34、 ( C )

15、( B ) 35、 ( D )

16、( D ) 36、 ( C )

17、( A ) 37、 ( C )

18、( C ) 38、 ( A )

19、( D ) 39、 ( A)

20、( D ) 40、 ( B )