BI432: IMMUNOLOGY W2007
EXAM #1STUDENT NAME:
- indicate the correct sequence in which each of these five steps of the cell signaling pathway occurs by placing the numbers “1” through “5” in front of each step (# 1 occurs 1st and # 5 occurs last):
2. Assembly of signaling pathway components
5. Enzyme cascades amplify the signal
3. Generation of second messenger
4. Phosphorylation/dephosphorylation cycles activate/deactivate additional pathway
components
1. Signal binds its receptor
- Label each of the lettered items in the following figure:
- A. What process is occurring in the left hand drawing of the above figure?
Cytoxic T cell killing a virus infected cell
B. What process is occurring in the right hand drawing of the above figure?
Helper T cell being “shown” Ag by an antigen presenting cell
- A. What features distinguish an adaptive immune response from an innate response?
Specificity and Memory
B. Draw and label a graph illustrating these distinguishing features.
Fig. 1-13, p.18
C. Explain how the elements of your graph illustrate the distinguishing features of an adaptive
immune response
Memory shown by more rapid and larger response to A with second exposure to A
Specificity shown by response to B when given with the 2nd exposure to A that is not
like the 2nd response to A
5. List the types of leukocytes (white blood cells), state a distinguishing feature of the appearance of each type and a function of each type:
Type of Leukocytesdistinguishing featurefunction
Neutrophillobed nucleus, granules stain w bothphagocytic, make
acid & basic dyesantimicrobial agents
Lymphocytecircular nucleus very very little cytoplasmactivated by Ag
to develop into B cells or Tc or Th cells
Monocytenonlobed nucleus, more cytoplasm move out of blood to
than lymphocyte form macrophaghes
Eosinophillobed nucleus red cytoplasmic granulesgranule contents
act against parasites
Basophillobed nucleus, blue cytoplasmic granulesallergic reactions
- Define and state one function of each of the following in an innate response:
PAMPS: definition: pathogen associated molecular patterns
Function: recognized by phagocytes and molecules of innate response
C-reactive protein:definition: serum protein that recognizes some PAMPS
Function: opsonizes pathogens by binding to PAMPS & activates complement
PRRs:definition: cell membrane proteins of phagocytes that recognize PAMPS
Function: phagocytosis of PAMPS bearing pathogens
Mannose binding lectin:definition: serum protein that recognizes some PAMPS
Function: opsonizes pathogens by binding to PAMPS & activates complement
Cytokine:definition: hormone or growth factor like proteins secreted by a variety of
cells
Function: induce specific cell activities such as inducing and supporting inflammation
7. Diagram and label a molecule of IgG:
Fig 4-6, p. 85 or Fig 4-10a, p.89
8. A. What is the immunoglobulin fold?
Barrel-like piece of protein tertiary structure consisting of b pleated sheets of 7 or 8
amino acid sequences found in the constant and variable regions of the light and heavy chains of antibodies and the other proteins of the immunoglobulin super-family
B. What is the importance of the immunoglobulin fold in the function of antibodies?
The immunoglobulin folds of the variable regions of the heavy and light chains of
antibodies “hold” the CDRs in the correct orientation to insure that the CDRs constitute the antigen binding site
9. Match each immunoglobulin isotype in a through d with the description(s) listed below (1-13) that are true about that isotype. Some of the descriptions may apply to more than one isotype; others may not apply to any isotype.
EX1 W2007 BI4432.doc10/4/2018
Secreted form is a pentamer of the basic H2L2 unit.d
Multimeric forms have J-chains.a, d
Present on the surface of mature, unprimed B cellsd
The most abundant Ig class in serum.c
Major antibody in secretions such as saliva, tears and colostrum.a
Present on the surface of immature B cells.d
The first serum antibody made in a primary immune response.d
a. IgA
b. IgE
c. IgG
d. IgM.
EX1 W2007 BI4432.doc10/4/2018
10. Diagram the structure of the heavy chain gene:
Fig 5-3c, p. 116
11. Supply the lettered items in the following figure. At each step that involves a gene rearrangement, state the gene that is being rearranged and the exons that are being joined.
(HINT: A through G are events, and H through L are “Ig EXPRESSED”)
EX1 W2007 BI4432.doc10/4/2018