Bio 392

Mrs. Van Ellis

2–3 Carbon Compounds Organic chemistry is the study :

Four groups of organic compounds found in living things are:

A.  The Chemistry of Carbon

Carbon has 4 valence electrons, each of which can join with an electron from another atom (carbon or many others) to form a strong ______. When carbon bonds with other carbon atoms, it can form ______and ______, including single, ______, or ______bonds. Carbon is the most unique element in terms of its ability to bond with other elements. Why?

How many electrons would a carbon atom have to gain to fill its outer mos level??______

How many covalent bonds are there between the carbon atoms of acetylene?

B.Macromolecules- means ______

polymers-

monomers-

KEY CONCEPT:

What is polymerization?

C.Carbohydrates (define,characteristics):

What do all living things use carbohydrates for (include all categories)?

Of what are they all made up?

What is the ratio?

Ex:(carb and the ratio)

Color Figure 2-13 like in the book

Monosaccharide:

Ex:

Polysaccharides:

Ex:

What is the source of all carbohydrates listed above?

D.Lipids: (define,characteristics):

Ex:

Lipids are made up of:

Are they considered polymers? Why or why not?

Saturated fatty acids:

Ex:

Unsaturated (polyunsaturated) fatty acids :

Ex: (give impt. characteristic)

Which type is healthier to eat? Why?

Draw a short chain of lipids, like Figure 2-14, labeling the parts:

E.Nucleic Acids:(define, characteristics)

Ex. (list the 2 kinds)
What are the differences between them?
Nuleotides :(include their 3 parts)
Individual nucleotides can be joined by ______to form a ______, also called a ______.
Color the parts of Figure 2-15 like in the book.

KEY CONCEPT:

F.  Proteins:(define, characteristics):
amino acids (AA):
How many are there in nature?
Any amino acid can be joined to any other amino acid by bonding:
Which parts of an AA are the same in every AA?
What is an ‘R’ group?
In what ways are ‘R’ groups different?
In what way are proteins and carbohydrates similar and different?
Give some key functions of proteins, and examples:
KEY CONCEPT:
Why is it impt. to have an adequate supply in your diet?
How can proteins have so many different functions in living things?
Write the legend for Fig. 2-16 in your own words.