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1st Semester Final Exam0111777B
Multiple Choice: On the scantron answer sheet darken the letter on the answer sheet of MOST CORRECT answer.
1. In 1789, the French National Assembly issued the “Declaration of the Rights of Man,” based in part on the concepts expressed in the U.S. Declaration of Independence in 1776. Both documents reflected the Enlightenment belief that governments exist to protect the natural rights of citizens. What developments in France and the United States attempted to assure the implementation of this concept of government?
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A. drafting constitutional protections
B. restoring monarchical rule
C. gaining additional territory
D. expanding the slave trade
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2. Which of these is likely to be found in a nation ruled by a dictatorship?
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- a free press
- a secret police
- due process of law
D. active labor union
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3. In a democracy, the source of authority for the government is the
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A. head of state.
B. legislature.
C. courts.
D. people.
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4. The concepts of equality and democracy were basic to the U.S. Constitution. Yet many Americans in the 19th century did not consider Indian nations worthy of concern or protection. This resulted in discrimination and conflict between European settlers and Native Americans.
For example, many Native Americans were
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A. displaced from their former
homelands.
B. prevented from trading with
European settlers.
C. forced to maintain their cultural heritage.
D. persecuted for killing buffalo on the Great Plains.
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1st Semester Final Exam0111777B
6. Which of the following duties is the primary responsibility of the legislative branch of government?
A. Carrying out the lawsB. Interpreting laws
C. Establishing courtsD. Issuing warrants
7. The cartoon above could be described as
A. an objective source of factual information.
B. a biased criticism of increases in defense spending.
C. a biased criticism of increases in the federal budget.
D. a biased criticism of increases in spending on social programs. supported withdrawing from the United Nations.
8. During the Industrial Revolution of the late 19th century, farmers in the United States worked to increase their land holdings and modernize their equipment. A lasting effect of these changes was
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A. higher prices for crops.
B. increased rural population
density.
C. a shortage of land for farming.
D. greater productivity of farm
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1st Semester Final Exam0111777B
9. In the United States, a citizen’s exercise of speech and expression may be legally restricted when that individual
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A. threatens public safety.
B. opposes public opinion.
C. criticizes public officials.
D. condemns public institutions.
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1st Semester Final Exam0111777B
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10.Which of the following describes a system of government in which the people elect a prime minister and members of a parliamentary assembly?
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A. a representative democracy
B. a military dictatorship
C. autocracyC. an absolute monarchy
D. an aristocracy
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1st Semester Final Exam0111777B
11. Lena was visiting an aunt in a small foreign country. One morning her aunt woke her with the news that there was no longer any government and the people were doing as they pleased. Which of the following is the word usually used to describe that situation?
A. tyranny B. over reaction
C. anarchy D. exciting
12. Below are two points of view about a local landfill.
From a local citizens group:
“Unless the local landfill is closed down, the health of community residents
will continue to suffer. The cost of finding a new landfill site is no longer the issue. Far more important are the proven health risks of toxic waste leakage.”
From a county environmental safety official:
“While there is always some health risk from landfills, the risk from our local landfill has proven to be very small. However, capacity is becoming a
problem. Whatever the cost, we will need to find a new landfill site within the next year or the health of our citizens will become a real concern.”
Which statement about the two points of view presented above is accurate?
A. The point of view of the county official includes data to support it.
B. The point of view of the citizens group is composed of facts.
C. Both points of view fail to mention their sources of information.
D. Both points of view include support from reliable sources of information.
13. Natural law was a fundamental idea of the Enlightenment. Which concept is an application of natural law to the government’s role in the economic lives of its citizens?
A. free markets based on supply and demand
B. government control to achieve a favorable balance of trade
C. agriculture based on tenant farming and serfdom
D. lower taxes on the most privileged groups in society.
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1st Semester Final Exam0111777B
14. The 1890 U.S. Census led some people to conclude that there was no longer a frontier line in the West. Early in the 20th century, President Theodore Roosevelt advocated the conservation of the nation’s natural resources.
These events signaled a change in how people perceived
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A. farmland.
B. urban areas.
C. wilderness areas.
D. centers of industry and
technology.
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15. A newspaper prints an article on a controversial political issue.
This article could be considered biased if its author
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A. formed logical conclusions based on fact.
B. contacted supporters of only one side.
C. presented statistical information on the issue.
D. included information that had not been published before
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1st Semester Final Exam0111777B
16. During World War II, Japanese-Americans were relocated from their homes on the West Coast of the United States to internment camps in the U.S. interior. This action indicated a widespread fear that Japanese-Americans were
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1st Semester Final Exam0111777B
A. a threat to national security.
B. members of the Communist Party.
C. competitors for jobs in wartime factories.
D. immigrating to the United States in large number
17. Which of the following official positions in the federal government is usually filled by appointment?
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1st Semester Final Exam0111777B
A. Member of the House of Representatives
B. president of the United States
C. Member of the Senate
D. attorney general of the United States
E. none of the above
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1st Semester Final Exam0111777B
18. A newspaper prints an article on a controversial political issue. This article could be considered biased if its author
A. formed logical conclusions based on fact.
B. contacted supporters of only one side.
C. presented statistical information on the issue.
D. included information that had not been published before.
19. During the Enlightenment, a number of writers explored the relationship between governments and the people they governed. For example, Rousseau wrote The Social Contract, in which he examined ideas about majority will and the common good.
How did these ideas influence the American and French Revolutions?
A. They encouraged loyalty to established governments.
B. They supported movements for social and political change.
C. They encouraged the formation of American and French constitutional monarchies.
D. They supported the efforts of governments to maintain control over their subjects.
20. The above cartoon appeared in Indian Country Today, a Native American newspaper. This cartoon reflects the perspective that Native American cultures existed in North America before the arrival of Europeans. This perspective has inspired Native American groups to
A. abandon native languages.
B. celebrate Native American culture.
C. abandon traditional fishing and hunting methods.
D. avoid serving in the armed forces of the United States.
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1st Semester Final Exam0111777B
21. Actions such as those shown in the picture above helped bring about
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A. the decision in Plessey v. Ferguson.
B. the decision in Brown v. Board of Education.
C. the 19th Amendment.
D. the 26th Amendment.
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1st Semester Final Exam0111777B
22. Jim Crow laws, which were passed in Southern states following Reconstruction, were intended to
A. support the goals of the 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments.
B. encourage African-Americans to buy their own farms.
C. provide basic education to former slaves.
D. institute racial segregation.
23. Consider the following changes that occurred in the United States in the late 19th century:
• improvements in agricultural production;
• increases in immigration from Europe;
• advancements in networks of railroad and streetcar lines.
These changes led to the
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1st Semester Final Exam0111777B
A. rapid growth of urban areas.
B. acquisition of overseas territories.
C. elimination of large suburbs around many cities.
D. movement of people from the urban to the rural area
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1st Semester Final Exam0111777B
24. The data above support the thesis that between 1990 and 2000
A. the price of newspapers decreased steadily.
B. information in newspapers became more reliable.
C. people became more informed about world events.
D. people decreasingly relied on newspapers as a source of information
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1st Semester Final Exam0111777B
25. Governor Stone is running for re-election. In a letter to the editor of a local newspaper, a citizen writes:
The past four years have been devastating for our state. Governor Stone hasn’t done anything but make speeches and raise money for his next political campaign. The average family has less today than it did four years ago.
In another letter, Governor Stone replies:
The economy of our state is stronger than it was four years ago. The average family income has increased three percent, after adjustments for inflation. School funding has increased 23 percent. The state repaved 5,000 miles of four-lane highway. If re-elected, you can count on me to continue to improve the quality of life in our state.
Governor Stone’s statement could be reliable because
A. it was printed in the newspaper.
B. Governor Stone is an elected official
C. it contains information that can be verified
D. the original letter writer represents the average family.
.
26. Which of the following statements about MONARCHIES is FALSE?
A. A monarchy is a government ruled by a king or queen.
B. A monarchy in which the ruler has unlimited power is an absolute monarchy and the ruler is an absolute monarch.
C. In a monarchy the king or queen inherits the position from a member of his or her family.
- An absolute monarchy in which the ruler makes a set of laws called a constitution is a constitutional monarchy.
27. Which of the following is most likely to occur in a dictatorship?
A. The government can take immediate actions by making decisions without the citizen’s consent.
B. The people can control the actions of the government by electing representatives to the government.
C. The people will be protected by the rule of law.
D. The government will obey specific limits on its power
28. What was one cause of the pattern of economic activity shown in the graph above?
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A. improvements in technology
B. decreases in urbanization
C. advances in communication
D. reduced population growth
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29. Which of the following official positions in the federal government is usually filled by election?
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A. Supreme Court justice of the United States
B. president of the United States
C. secretary of defense of the United States
D. attorney general of the United States
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1st Semester Final Exam0111777B
30. In the United States, a citizen’s exercise of speech and expression may be legally restricted when that individual
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1st Semester Final Exam0111777B
A. threatens public safety.
B. opposes public opinion.
C. criticizes public officials.
D. condemns public institution
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1st Semester Final Exam0111777B
31.Which level of government is responsible for coining the money we use?
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- city government
- county government
- state government
- national government
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32. Which of the following duties is the primary responsibility of the executive branch?
A. carrying out the law B. interpreting laws
C. establishing courts D. issuing warrants
33.Which of the following duties is the primary responsibility of the judicial branch of government?
A. Carrying out the lawsB. Interpreting laws
C. Establishing courtsD. Issuing warrants
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34. Following World War I, Great Britain was given a mandate (order) by the League of Nations to govern Palestine. Jewish immigration to Palestine greatly increased during the 1930s and 1940s. Violence erupted between Palestinian Arabs and Jewish people. Unable to resolve the conflict, Britain turned the problem over to the United Nations. The maps on the previous page show changes to this region as a result of the U.N. Partition Plan of 1947.
According to the maps on the previous page, how did the U.N. Partition Plan propose to prevent further violence between Palestinian Arabs and Jewish people?
A. The physical features of the region were used to separate the Jewish people from the Palestinian Arabs.
B. An economic union was created that made the Jewish people and the Palestinian Arabs dependent on each other.
C. Two political regions were created in order to divide the control of Palestine between the Jewish people and the Palestinian Arabs.
D. Palestine was placed under the jurisdiction of the United Nations, and its boundaries were redrawn to include Jewish people and Palestinian Arabs.
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1st Semester Final Exam0111777B
Multiple Choice: On the Scantron answer sheet darken the letter on the answer sheet of MOST CORRECT answer.
35. ______thinkers examined and challenged traditional views of government.
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a. Enlightenment
b. Renaissance
c. Revisionists
d. Humanists
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36. The belief that truth can be determined solely by logical thinking was called ______during the Age of Enlightenment.
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a. humanism
b. rationalism
c self-determination
d. modernists
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37. A group of Enlightenment philosophers published ______a sort of handbook describing the ideas of the Enlightenment.
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a. The Enlightened Doctrine
b. The Encyclopedia
c. The Dictionary
d. The Thesaurus
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38. While many Enlightenment philosophers disliked absolute monarchy most of them favored the idea of ______.
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a. popular sovereignty
b. enlightened despotism
c. Latin republican
d. conservative monarchy
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39. Scholars organized all of French law into a system known as the ______.
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a. Napoléonic Code
b. Concordat
c. Plebiscite
d. soufflé
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40. Although they did not mean to do so, the French increased the feeling of ______, the love of one's country, in the people they conquered.
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a. nationalism
b. patriotism
c. plebiscite
d. republicanism
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41. Saving Great Britain from an invasion, British Vice Admiral ______led a force that defeated a combined Spanish and French fleet off the coast of Spain.
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a. Matthew Perry
b. Horatio Nelson
c. Duke Wellington
d. Luke Duke
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42. The term ______describes an economic system in which individuals or corporations, rather than governments, control the factors of production.
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a. communism
b. mercantilism
c. capitalism
d. cartelism
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43. Division of labor, the use of interchangeable parts, and an assembly line are essential for ______.
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a. mass production
b. a successful corporation
c. industrial capitalism
d. factors of production
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44. Businesses owned and run by just one person are called ______, and the owner is responsible for any business debts.
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a. single corporations
b. sole proprietorships
c. closed shops
d. union shops
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45. A form of business organization called a ______was created in the 1800s, and it allowed businesses to become very large and powerful.
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a. corporation
b. nonprofit
c. conglomerate
d. proprietary
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46. A corporation that gained almost complete control of the production or sale of a single good or service is said to have formed a ______.
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a. cartel
b. conglomerate
c. monopoly
d. risk
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47. Business organizations known as ______controlled every stage of entire industries.
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a. cartels
b. conglomerates
c. monopolies
d. nonprofit
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48. The pattern of alternating periods of prosperity and decline brought about by the Industrial Revolution came to be called the ______.
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a. depression
b. business cycle
c. cost of industrialization
d. recession
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49. The application of scientific solutions to industrial problems ______.
a. led to the creation of new products and materials.
b. slowed the development of new sources of power.
c. led to a down-swing in production.
d. caused unemployment
50. In 1879 ______created a light bulb that glowed for two days before burning out, and this eventually became the new source of light for homes, streets, and factories.
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a. Thomas Edison
b. Marconi
c. Wilbur and Orville Wright
d. Michael Faraday
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51. In 1876 ______patented his telephone, which transmitted the human voice over a long distance by means of an electrical circuit through a wire.
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a. Wilbur and Orville Wright
b. Michael Faraday
c. Marconi
d. Alexander Graham Bell
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52. The development of engines that carried their own energy supply allowed Frank Duryea to build the first successful gasoline-driven ______in the United States.
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a. automobile
b. motorboat
c. internal combustion engine
d. airplane
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53. Brothers Wilbur and Orville Wright were the first people to develop a working ______.
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a. automobile
b. motorboat
c. internal combustion engine
d. airplane
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54. The scientific principles that govern the movement of air around objects are called ______.
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