1St Semester Review Terms for AP Human Geography

1st Semester Review Terms for AP Human Geography for “In the Bag” (Chapters 1-7)

[Note: Page numbers are in Rubenstein. References to the Fellman book can help student with research.]

Ø Geography pertains to the evolving character and spatial organization of earth's surface. Why is the word “evolving” important?

· Thomas Malthus: What year and during what time period did he write his theory and what was it?

· World Population Distribution Where are the concentrations?

Where is the fastest growth occurring worldwide? Why is this a problem?

· Crude Birth Rate How are these rates reported?

Why is China's crude birth lower than ours?

Crude Death Rate How can the U.S.'s crude death be "high"?

What is "rate of natural increase"?

· What is “net migration”?

What is the equation to show a country’s total population change in one year?

Population growth can also be predicted by total fertility rate. What is this?

· Arithmetic density Physiological Density Agricultural density

· Toponyms; where do they come? Examples:

· Cultural ecology… …this is the study of the relationship between the earth and humans; the outcome of this relationship is the cultural _____________(see book cover!). Related terms: possiblism and environmental determinism.

Ø Comparing the types of religious architecture, p. 208

Also, see "Fellman" from 174 to 181, various pictures.

· Latitude and longitude; what all can they tell us?

· Chain migration, brain drain, internal migration

· Map projection and distortion, p. 511

Map scale, p. 510

· Carrying capacity; what is it? Find three contrasts in Fellman.

· Demographic Transition Model

Birth Rate Death Rate Growth Revolution/Outcomes?

Stage 1

Stage 2

Stage 3

Stage 4

· Where are cultural centers (famous holy sites) for Hindus, Jews and Muslims?

· What has been the significance of rivers in world history for early urban development? Discuss three different examples.

· Definitions, examples of, and differences between…

Folk culture Popular culture

· Population distribution in the U.S. Are we more urban or rural? Since when?

However, why was it not until after World War II that suburbia started mushrooming?

What does “metropolitan” mean?

Ø Where would you find these products being raised in the U.S.? In the world?

Cattle? Cotton? Rice? Tobacco? Sheep?

[These are examples of formal regions, because you can show on a map where the product is

dominant.]

· Examples of Transnational Corporations…

These corporations either export U.S. goods and services or import other countries' resources.

In what ways do transnational corporations "look out for themselves"?

· Where were the early cultural hearths? [Fellman, p. 49 has a good map.] Note: Europe, except for Crete, is not included.

· Review the concepts of site and situation. Use real places to illustrate.

· In the cultural landscape, how can religion affect food production?

· In the cultural landscape, how can the environment affect housing types? See Fellman/start p. 233.

· Nation-state definition and examples:

· What is a Formal region a Functional region? a Vernacular region?

· Clashes between groups: What are the causes?

We discussed France as an example of a former “ethnostate.” What does the term "ethnonational" mean and how may this increase clashes w/minority groups in France?

· What are the "parts" of language? That is, family to _______ to ______ to _______to________.

· What data and inferences can population pyramids show?

Suggestion: find a website that will produce pp’s for you.

· Guest workers in the U.S., in Europe and elsewhere…where do they come from? How are they treated?

· Sun Belt vs. Rust Belt: (Go to Wikipedia). Why is the former gaining population; why is the latter losing population? What are the political implications?

· Review the concepts behind time zones? When? Why? How many and where?

· Relocation diffusion Expansion Diffusion

Hierarchical

Contagious

Stimulus

· Why is cultural extinction in places like the rainforest a problem? In other words, what can civilization as a whole lose if the rainforest is depleted and its population leaves?

· Why does language extinction happen? What is lingua franca? Examples:

· Isogloss – what is it, why does it matter?

· What is the difference between acculturation and assimilation? See Fellman glossary.

· What's the difference between a reference map and a thematic map?

· Terms to know: Centripetal force Centrifugal force Distance Decay Be able to give examples. (See Fellman)

· Review the difference between colonialism and imperialism.

· What is "self-determination"? Examples:

· Are there still forced migrations? Term to know: “Diaspora”

Examples:

· What are examples of the "parts" of world religions?

Branches Denominations Sects

· What's the difference between a universalizing religion and an ethnic religion?

· What is GIS? What is GPS? Examples of uses…

· What is a census tract? What is the connection between census data and politics?