1950 Winter of Terror Killer Avalanches in the Alps, Korean War, Civil Rights Campaign

1950 “Winter of Terror” killer avalanches in the Alps, Korean War, Civil Rights campaign increases in US, Ultrasound first used on pregnant women, Hantavirus in S Korea, earthquakes and landslides in India, world population estimated at 2.4 billion

January thaw in PA reaches temps of 75 to 80 degrees, GER population density approx 280/sq mile
Puerto Ricans gain power to write their own constitution, Tibet quake kills 1526 8.6, end of third plague pandemic killing 300 million since 1850, African-American Ralph Bunche wins Nobel Peace Prize, India gains independence, Partition creates Pakistan, Korean War begins, Neruda's "Canto General", death of Anglo-Irish writer and winner of 1925 Nobel Prize George Bernard Shaw, Hazel Bishop manufactures kiss-proof lipstick, death of Scottish music-hall star Harry Lauder, death of Jan Smuts the S African soldier and statesman, death of German novelist Heinrich Mann, death of French statesman leon Blum, death of German composer Kurt Weill, Britain recognizes Communist China – USSR and Communist China sign 30-year pact – Chiang Kai-shek resumes presidency of Nationalist China – Communist China’s forces occupy Tibet – Tibet appeals to the UN but China rejects appeal to cease fire, Senator Joseph McCarthy advises Truman that State Department is riddled with Communists and Communist sympathizers, Alger Hiss the US State Department official sentenced for perjury, Riots in Johannesburg against apartheid, Truman instructs US Atomic Energy Commission to develop hydrogen bomb, Klaus Fuchs found guilty of betraying British atomic secrets to USSR and imprisoned – Harry Gold his American confederate sentenced to 30 years, London dock strike, Britain recognizes Israel, West Germany joins council of Europe, N Korean forces invade S Korea and capture Seoul – Douglas MacArthur appointed commander of UN forces in Korea – UN forces land in S Korea and recapture Seoul – S Korean troops cross 38th parallel – UN troops forced to withdraw – state of emergency declared in US following Korean reversals – Chinese forces cross 38th parallel, US recognizes Vietnam – capital at Saigon – supplies arms and sends mission to instruct in their use – signs military assistance pact with France Cambodia Laos and Vietnam, King Leopold III returns to Belgium after six years’ exile – Socialists demonstrate against him – he abdicated in favor of his son Baudouin, Indonesia admitted to UN, King Gustavus V of Sweden dies and son Gustavus VI reigns, Poland and E Germany proclaim Oder-Neisse line as frontier, Attlee visits Washington, Nobel Peace Prize to Dr. Ralph J Bunchee, death of US politician Henry L Stimson, Congress passes McCarran Act over presidential veto – severe restrictions against Communists especially in sensitive positions during emergencies and for registration of communists and forbids entry of aliens who have belonged to totalitarian organizations, Assassination attempt against Truman made by two Puerto Rican nationals – one killed the other sentenced to death – commuted to life, death of Leon Blum, WRITERS: Ray Bradbury, Ernest Hemingway, Budd Schulberg, Francis Parkinson Keyes, Thor Heyerdahl, Ezra Pound, CP Snow, Anouilh, Henry Morton Robinson, William Cooper, Bertrand Russell (Nobel Prize), Nigel Balchin, Christopher Fry, John Hersey, Sidney Kingsley, Evelyn Waugh, Robert Penn Warren, Nevil Shute, Tennessee Williams, Gwendolyn Brooks, AB Guthrie Jr. Clifford Odets, AL Rose, Boswell, Nikolai Berdyaev, RA Knox, Margaret Mead, Gilbert Ryle, Sartre, DEATHS: George Bernard Shaw, Hedwig Courts-Mahler, Heinrich Mann, Emil Jennings (GER), Edgar Rice Burroughs (Tarzan), Edna St. Vincent Millay, Edgar Lee Masters (USA), Al Jolson, Carl Van Doren, Pope Pius XII proclaims dogma of bodily assumption of the Virgin Mary, Internation Exhibition of Ecclesiastical Art in Rome, 25 Protestant and four Eastern Orthodox Church groups organize National Council of the Churches of Christ in the US, ART: Chagall, Bernard Berenson, Giacometti, Kokoschka, Death s of Max Beckman (GER) Eliel Saarinen (USA), Matisse begins work on Vence Chapel, Films “La Beaute du Diable” “Orphee” “La Ronde” “Sunset Boulevard” “Rashomon” “All About Eve”, MUSIC: GIan Carlo Menotti, International Bach Year celebrate 200 years since death, death of Kurt Weill, Howard Swanson, Benny Goodman and NBC Symphony Orchestry premier Copland music, Cool Jazz develops from bebop, Frank Loesser and Abe Burrows (Guys and Dolls), UN Building completed, Eugenio Montiori designs Rome railroad station, Pani and del Moral design University City MEX, Popular songs: “If I Knew You Were Comin’ I’d’ve Baked a Cake” “Ragg Mopp” “Sam’s Story” “A Bushel and a Peck” “C’est Si Bon” “Good Night Irene” “Tzena Tzena Tzena Tzena” “Music! Music! Music!” “Mona Lisa” “The Fat Man” “Please Send Me Someone To Love” “Teardrops From My Eyes” “Tennessee Waltz”, SCIENCE: Plutonium separated from pitchblende concentrated, GT Seaborg discovers californium, berkelium discovered, Einstein attempts to expand Theory of Relativity, Miltown a meprobamate comes into wide use in the US as a tranquilizer, Nobel Prizes for use in hormones, Antihistamines become popular remedies for colds and allergies, Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel opens in New York, ** World population 2.3 billion, death of jan Smuts, 30,000th rose variety catalogued, 1.5 million televisions, Heavy earthquake damages Assam, European Broadcasting Union formed, death of “Hap” Arnold General of the US Air Force, Saturday morning children’s programming begins, Phonevision (pay per view) becomes available, Top television includes “The Texaco Star Theater” “Fireside Theater” “Your Show of Shows” “Philco Television Playhouse” “The Colgate Comedy Hour” artists: Mills Brothers, Nat King Cole, Teresa Brewer, Ruth Brown, Perry Como and Betty Hutton, Death of Richard Chase – “Vampire of Sacramento” the poisoned soap guy, June 25 Communists invade S Korea, US in Korea N Korea invades South Jun, International Security Act passed, N Korean jets attack Americans Nov 8, Early morning seminary instituted, Missionaries in Hong Kong, Feb 24 Czechoslovakian missionaries released from prison and expelled, Hydrogen Bomb invented, Jun - Korean war begins as Communist troops invade the south,Leader of Belgium returns from Swiss exile; USSR and China recognize Vietminh; N Korea attacks S Korea

1951 Lamington eruption, killer avalanches in the Alps, flooding in Manchuria, Churchill forms peacetime government in \England, End of Marshal Plan for post-war recovery, Cyclone hits Jamaica, Epidemic in Brazil, Eruption in Philippines, Eruption in New Guinea * President McKay attends White House conference and have brief visit with Truman, LDS woman appointed treasurer – Ivy Baker Priest, Jan - Major storm hits Nashville, TN, May - bean found embedded in unbroken chicken egg in NEB following tornado, "The King and I" and "West Side Story" debut on Broadway, Charles Manson arrested in Beaver UT for theft, Quakes in Hawaii and Turkey, Papua New Guinea Mt Lamington erupts killing nearly 3000, Woman survives body temp of 64.4 degrees, but with amputations, Comoro tornado kills 500 (near Madagascar? Or E Timor? Indonesia), B.B. King releases first hit, Gregory Pincus develops oral contraceptive, first computer developed/enhanced, Hiroshima survivor Shigeki Tanaka wins Boston Marathon, Dacron suits introduced, death of American news publisher William Randolph Hearst, death of French author Andre Gide, death of German composer Arnold Schonberg, death of British socialist politician Ernest Bevin, death of American novelist and 1930 Nobel Prize winner Sinclair Lewis, Mary Hardy Reeser spontaneously combusts, televisions in US number 15 million, N Korean forces break through at 38th parallel – take Seoul and reject American truce offers – Seoul retaken – Gerneral MacArthur relieved of Far East command – new N Korean offensive – UN forces capture “Heartbreak Ridge” north of Yangoo, Ben Gurion’s new government dissolvedi in Israel – new coalition formed, Czechoslovak Communist Party purged, Mossadegh becomes Prime Minister of Iran, De Valera returns to power in Eire, British diplomats and spies for USSR Burgess and Maclean escape to USSR, King Abdullah of Jordan assassinated in Jerusalem, Peace treaty with Japan signed in San Francisco, British conservatives win and Churchill forms government, Peron reelected in Argentina, Adenauer visits Paris Rome and London, death of former USSR Foreign Minister Maxim Litvinov, 22nd amendment limits term of presidency, death of Henri Petain, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg sentenced to death of espionage against the US – confederate Morton Sobell sentenced to 30 years imprisonment, WRITE: Robert Frost, Conrad Richter, Carl Sancburg, Nicholas Monsarrat, JD Salinger “The Catcher in the Rye”, Herman Wouk (The Caine Mutiny), Anouilh, Christopher Fry, Sartre, Louis Bromfield, Camus, John Von Druten, William Faulkner, Graham Greene, James Jones (From Here to Eternity), Nikos Kazantzakis, Thomas Mann, Francois Mauriac, Annemarie Selinko, Tennessee Williams, William Styron, Catherine Marshall, Rachel Carson, Theodor W Adorno, Georg Katona, Ludwig von Mises, Ortega y Gasset, Death: Andre Gide, Louis Jouvet (FRA), John Erskine (USA), Bernhard Kellermann (GER), Fanny Brice, Sinclair Lewis, Harold Ross (New Yorker editor), Foundation stone of British National Theater laid in London, death of Ludwig Wittgenstein (AUS), ART: Salvador Dali, Graham Sutherland, Picasso, Otto Dix, Gerald Barry and Hugh Casson create Festival of Britain, Basil Spence designs new Coventry Cathedral, Matisse completed Vence Chapel, British Film Censors introduce “X Certificate” classification, Fred Waller invents Cinerama, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe designs Lake Shore Drive apartment building in Chicago, Frank Lloyd Wright designs Friedman House in NY, Marcel Breuer designs dormitory at Vassar in NY, death of John Sloan, Films: “The African Queen” “Le Plaisir” “Miracle in Milan” “An American in Paris” (Gene Kelly) “Viva Zapata” “Strangers on a Train” (Hitchcock) “A Streetcar Named Desire” (Brando), MUSIC: Britten, Stravinsky, R Vaughan Williams, Rodgers and Hammerstein (The King and I), Arthur Honegger, Douglas Moore, Gian Carlo Menotti, Deaths: Arnold Schonberg, Constant Lambert (ENG), Fritz Busch (GER), Sergei Koussevitzky (RUS-USA), William Mengelberg (DUT), Arthur Schnabel (AUS), Huddie Ledbetter (folk singer and composer), Popular songs: “Hello Young Lovers” “Getting to Know You” “Shrimp Boats” “Come On-a My House” “Cry” “In the Cool, Cool, Cool of the Evening” “Kisses Sweeter then Wine” “Sixty Minute Man” “Rocket 88” “Dust My Broom” “Too Young”, Robert Matthew builds Royal Festival Hall in London, SCIENCE: Krilium developed from acrylonitrile for use in fertilization, Electric power produced from atomic energy at Arcon ID, J Andre Thomas devises heart-lung machine for operations, Charles F Blair flies solo over North Pole, death of German surgeon Ferdinand Sauerbruch, Nobel Prize for medicine Max Theiler for work on yellow fever vaccine, McMillan and Seaborg wind Nobel Prize for discovery of plutonium, Hank Marino elected American Bowler of the Half Century, death of JS Coxey US businessman who led “army” to Washington to protest unemployment, death of William Randolph Hearst, Color television first introduced in US, Gordion the Phrygian capital from 4000 to 3000 BC excavated, death of Crown Prince William of Prussia – son of Wilhelm, Color tv debuts, Nationwide TV first started with Edward R Murrow “See it Now” series – shows both coasts simultaneously, Top television includes “Arthur Godfrey’s Talent Scouts” “I Love Lucy” “The Red Skelton Show”, artists include Nat King Cole, Billy Ward and His Dominoes, Johnny Ray, Patti Page, Weavers, President McKay attends White House conference and have brief visit with Truman, LDS woman appointed treasurer – Ivy Baker Priest, start of CIA experiments of LSD on agents – known as project MK-ULTRA, Treaty of Paris 1951 establishes European Steel and Coal Community, UNIVAC computer created, Winston Churchill re-elected Prime Minister, 22nd amendment - 2 term limit for pres, Polio outbreak in US, Begin atomic testing in NV, 70s called on missions due to war, Apr 5 President George A Smith dies, Apr 9 President David O McKay ordained, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg convicted of espionage, Lipchitz paints Birth of Venus, NATO formed, Menotti composes Amahl and the Night Visitors Stravinski composes The Rake's Progress, Moussadeq becomes Iranian prime minister and nationalizes oil industry, USA, New Zealand, Australia sign defensive treaty, Color TV introduced to US, Japan declares full peace with US and all but USSR; Belgium king abdicates,

1952 Bad year for tornadoes in US, Mau-Mau guerrilla war against British in Kenya until 1959, Death of George VI of England, Elizabeth II rules, Smog storm kills thousands, Tsunami in USSR, Lynmouth Devon GBR flood * Former president Hoover meets with Ezra Taft Benson – start of 12 year friendship, Truman speaks at BYU, Neal A Maxwell serves in President’s economics department, Eisenhower visits with President McKay, Eisenhower appoints Elder Ezra Taft Benson to be secretary of agriculture, Kennedy elected U.S. Senator, Nixon visits Utah as Eisenhower’s running mate – Elder Marion G. Romney is not impressed with Nixon, Puerto Rico becomes self-governing commonwealth, CA quake kills 12 7.3, Kamchatka quake E Siberia/Aleut est 9, London great smog + inversion kills ~12,000, Einstein turns down chance to be president of Israel, Pentagon psychic projects underway, First year without reported racial lynchings in US, Ralph Ellison wins award for “Invisible man”, Salk discovers polio vaccine, first artificial diamond made, Michael DeBakey performs first coronary bypass, US overthrows Prime Minister Mossadeq of Iran and installs Shah, Raytheon Corp. produces microwave oven, Watson and Crick propose structure of DNA, H Bomb detonated, first passenger jet in Britain, Fanon's "Black Skin, White Masks", death of American philosopher John Dewey, death of Swedish novelist and 1920 Nobel Prize winner Knut Hamsun, death of Italian philosopher Benedetto Croce, death of first president of Israel Chaim Weizmann, death of Swiss physicist Auguste Piccard, death of King George VI of Britain, first sighting of Igopogo the monster of Lake Simcoe in CAN, Anati-British riots erupt in Egypt = Aly Maher Pasha appointed premier but resigns – General Mohammed Naguib seizes power and forms government – King Farouk abdicated in favor of infant son Fuad – constitution of 1923 abolished, Franco-German crisis over Saar administration, death of King George VI of England – daughter Queen Elizabeth rules, Churchill announces the Britain has produced and atomic bomb – Truman announces H-bomb tests in Pacific, Dwight D Eisenhower resigns + elected president, European Defence Community Treaty signed in Paris, Hydroelectric plants in N Korea bombed by US planes – UN General Assembly adopts Indian proposal for Korean armistice – China rejects plan, Ruiz Cortines elected President of Mexico, Honolulu Conference of three-power Pacific Council (Australia US and New Zealand), 16k people escape from E to W Berlin in August, Prince Hussein Ibn Talal grandson of King Abdullah proclaimed King of Jordan, Chou En-lai visits Moscow, China and Mongolia sign 10-year agreement, USSR Communist Party Congress meets in Moscow, State of emergency proclaimed in Kenya following Mau Mau disturbances, Rudolph Slansky and Vladimar Clementis accused of high treason and executed (CZE), death of Chiam Weizmann and Yizhak Ben-Zvi elected President of Israel, Israel and Germany agree on restitution for damages done to Jews by the Nazis, Nobel Peace Prize to Albert Schweitzer, death of US labor leaders Philip Murray and William Green, WRITE: Truman Capote, Ralph Ellison (The Invisible Man), Ernest Hemingway (The Old Man and the Sea), Joseph Kramm, RF Leavis, Doris Lessing, Marianne Moore, Paul Osborn, Dylan Thomas, Evelyn Waugh, Angus Wilson, Agatha Christie, Clifford Odets, Francois Mauriac, Anouilh, Samuel Beckett (Waiting for Godot), Jan de Hartog, Leonhard Frank, Cesare Pavese, John Steinbeck (East of Eden), Edna Ferber, Thomas B Costain, GB Shaw, Alan Moorehead, Harold Nicholson, Reinhold Niebuhr, Martin Buber, CG Jung, Norman Vincent Peale, Deaths: Albert Bassermann (GER), Norman Douglas (ENG), Knut Hamsun (NOR), Ferenc Molnar (HUN), Louis Berneuil (FRA), John Dewey (USA), George Santayana (ESP-USA), Benedetto Croce (ITA), St. Stephens Cathedral in Vienna reopened, Revised Standard Version of the Bible published for Protestants, ART: Chagall, Raoul Dufy, Barbara Hepworth, Jackson Pollock, Georges Rouault, August John, Jacob Epstein, Art nouveau expo in Zurich, Lionel Brett designs Hatfield New Town ENG, Lever House of New York designed by Skidmore Owings and Merril, Films: “This is Cinerama” “Limelight” (Chaplin) “Othello” (Orson Welles), “Umberto D.” “Moulin Rouge” (Jose Ferrer) “Don Camillo et Peppone” “The Greatest Show on Earth” “High Noon” (Gary Cooper and Grace Kelly), MUSIC: Boris Blacher, Hans Werner Henze, Hindemith, Rolf Liebermann, Gail Kubik, Paul Creston, Alexi Haieff, Roy Harris, Gardner Read, Leonard Bernstein, Arthru Kreutz, Alexandre Tcherepnin, Deaths: Adolf Busch (GER), Alfred Einstein (GER), Heinrich Schlusnus (GER), Elisabeth Schumann (GER), Popular Songs: “I Saw Mommy Kissing Santa Claus” “Jambalaya” “It Takes Two to Tango” “Your Cheatin’ Heart” “Wheel of Fortune” “lawdy Miss Clawdy” “Have Mercy Baby” “One Mint Julep” “Night Train” SCIENCE: Isotopes in use in medicine and industry, contraceptive pill of phosphoroated hesperidin produced, British first atomic tests in Monte Bello Islands W Australia, First hydrogen bomb exploded at Eniwetok Atoll in Pacific, Cyram and Becker statistically demonstrate connection between death frequency and weather, death of Swedish explorer Sven Hedin, Nobel prize for physics for work in atomic magnetic fields, Nobel prize for discovery of streptomycin, Last London trams retired, Jericho excavated, death of Eva Peron, Rocky Marciano wins world heavyweight boxing, Germany becomes member of world band, Christian Dior gains influence on Paris haute couture, Helsinki Olympics, John Cobb killed while establishing water-speed record on Loch Ness, Leonard Nimoy appears as Martian on science fiction tv show Zombies of the Stratosphere, TV’s magazine format “Today” show debuts, Jackie Gleason Show (The Honeymooners) debuts, Top shows include “Dragnet” and two Arthur Godfrey shows, Popular artists Nat King Cole, Rosemary Clooney, Frankie Lane, Jo Stafford, Buddy Morrow, Former president Hoover meets with Ezra Taft Benson – start of 12 year friendship, Truman speaks at BYU, Neal A Maxwell serves in President’s economics department, Eisenhower visits with President McKay, Eisenhower appoints Elder Ezra Taft Benson to be secretary of agriculture, Kennedy elected U.S. Senator, Nixon visits Utah as Eisenhower’s running mate – Elder Marion G. Romney is not impressed with Nixon, Women banned from playing professional baseball, Queen Elizabeth reigns, Midwest drought, George VI dies, Elizabeth II becomes queen Jun 2, Eisenhower elected #34, US tests H Bomb. Elder Ezra Taft Benson chosen as Secretary of Ag. Nov 25, Nov US announces experiments with H bomb, Primary Children's Hospital dedicated, US occupation of Japan ends, Egyptian monarchy overthrown, King George VI of England dies of heart attack; Kenya terrorism; King Farouk of Egypt overthrown and Nasser rules; Bolivian revolution