Exam 1 Review
Supplemental Instruction
Iowa State University / Leader: / Zainab T.
Course: / BIOL 212
Instructor: / Kukday
Date: / 1/28/2017

1060 Hixson-Lied Student Success Center  515-294-6624  

1.)Label the bond types for each bond in the compounds below:

  1. Na-ClIonic
  1. nonpolar
  1. Polar
  1. Polar

2.)Label the following pH levels as acidic, basic, or neutral:

  1. 4.54 acidic
  2. 7 neutral
  3. 13.4 basic

***Level of H+ ions/OH- ions?

3.)The structural level of a protein in which alpha helixes and beta pleated sheets are present is the

A. Primary level

B. Secondary level

C. Tertiary level

D. Quaternary level

***technically present at all levels, make sure you know all the interactions between all the levels.

4.)Match the following monomers/polymers:

Carbohydrates CA. amino acids

LipidsDB. nucleotides

Proteins AC. Monosaccharides

nucleic acids BD. fatty acids

***make sure you know all of the structures

5.)What part of the phospholipid bilayer have hydrophobic properties?

  1. Nonpolar tails
  2. Nonpolar heads
  3. Polar tails
  4. Polar heads

6.) What are the three parts that make up a Nucleic Acid?

  1. Phosphate group, five-carbon sugar, water group
  2. Phosphate group, six-carbon sugar, water group
  3. Glucose group, five-carbon sugar, nitrogenous base
  4. Phosphate group, five-carbon sugar, nitrogenous base

7.)What are the three parts that make up an amino acid?

  1. Amino group, carboxyl group, side chain
  2. Glucose group, carboxyl group, side chain
  3. Amino group, water group, nitrogenous base
  4. Amino group, carboxyl group, nitrogenous base

8.)Look at the following images and determine the level of protein structure. Label aspects of the images that indicate the level of structure.

  1. b. c.

Quaternarysecondarytertiary

d. primary

***Go back and make sure you know the types of interactions between the molecules

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9.)What is the structural difference between an RNA structure and a DNA structure?

  1. RNA does not have a phosphate group
  2. DNA has an extra Carbon, making it a six-carbon sugar
  3. RNA has an –OH on its five-carbon sugar while DNA has an –H
  4. DNA does not have a phosphate group

Higher Level Questions:

10.)Why are biological membranes important to life and this class?

Regulate the contents of the inside of cell compared to the outside.

Allow for selectivity of what comes in and what can go out.

Facilitates chemical reactions (example is the electron transport chain)

11.)List 4 things that influence membrane permeability and how.

Temperature, number of double bonds, cholesterol molecules, length of tail.

12.)Describe what a concentration gradient is and how it drives transport across membranes:

Differences in the concentrations of a particular molecule between the membranes. Solutes naturally move from high to low until equilibrium is reached.

13.)Describe the difference between hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic solutions:

Hypertonic = higher concentration of molecule relative to the other side

Hypotonic = lower concentration of molecules relative to the other side

Isotonic= same concentration of the molecule on both sides

14.) Describe the difference between saturated and unsaturated lipids. Explain the difference in permeability between these lipids.

Saturated: no double bonds

Unsaturated: double bonds--- makes the bilayer more fluid because it doesn’t allow for the tails to pack together

15.)If a strand of DNA has 20% Adenine, How much of Guanine is there?

A=T, C=G

A+T+C+G = 100%

20 +20 + 2x = 100%

2x = 60%

x= G/C = 30%

16.) List the 4 steps used to determine the side chain properties:

  1. Does the side chain have a negative charge?- acidic
  1. Does the side chain have a positive charge?- basic
  1. Does the side chain have no charge but has an oxygen atom?- uncharged polar
  1. Does the side chain have none of the above? – nonpolar

17.) The side chain of tyrosine is best classified as…

  1. Polar uncharged
  2. Nonpolar
  3. Basic
  4. Acidic

18.)The amino acid is:

  1. Basic
  2. Acidic
  3. Nonpolar
  4. Polar

19.)A ______is formed by a specific electrostatic interaction between an electronegative atom and a H atom.

A. Covalent bond

B. Peptide bond

C. Hydrogen bond

D. Ionic Bond

E. Hydrophilic-Hydrophobic attraction

*** Important to note that H bonds occur between molecules!

20.)If you were to put phospholipids into a cup of vegetable oil, which picture shows what could be expected?

  1. A
  2. B
  3. C
  4. D

***oil is a type of lipid, mainly nonpolar, so nonpolar regions will want to interact

21.)What is NOT a kind of lipid?

  1. Fats
  2. Steroids
  3. Phospholipid
  4. Glucose

*** Go back and make sure you can recognize each type of lipid!

22.) Label the following as active transport or passive transport. What is the difference between the two kinds of transport? What kind of molecules need active compared to passive.

  1. Pumps__active______
  2. Diffusion __passive______
  3. Channels__passive______
  4. Osmosis__passive______
  5. Carrier Proteins __Passive______

Active transport requires energy and is only need when moving against the concentration gradient.

*** Carrier proteins and pumps in new lecture

23.) Draw what will happen when the solution is at equilibrium if the purple circles are big polar ions and the pink circles are small nonpolar molecules:

24.)Put the following in order of high permeability and low permeability

  1. Large, polar molecules 3
  2. Small, polar molecules 2
  3. Ions4

d. Small, nonpolar molecules 1

25.)Identify whether the following solutions are hypertonic, isotonic, or hypotonic. Draw the direction of water flow in each example.

__hypotonic______isotonic______hypertonic______

26.)Draw an example of a protein that works by facilitated diffusion. Note the differences between facilitated and passive diffusion:

Facilitate requires help in the form of a channel or carrier protein, passive does not.

27.) Describe how this buffer system keeps blood pH from changing too drastically:

As acidity increases the H+ ions on one side of the equation, your body works to compensate for that by shifting the equation in the direction that is needed.

1060 Hixson-Lied Student Success Center  515-294-6624  