1. You Are Sitting at a Red Light, and Your Favorite Song Comes on the Radio. You Turn

Mock Exam 2

1. You are sitting at a red light, and your favorite song comes on the radio. You turn up the volume 2 notches, but you don’t hear a difference, so you turn it up even louder until you do. The difference between the original volume and the final volume increase is called?

a. Absolute Threshold

b. Just Noticeable Difference

c. Difference Threshold

d. Both B and C

e. None of the above

2. Maggie and Mark went on a date to the movie theater. After sitting in the dark theater for close to 2 hours, they come out in the bright sun, and Maggie is unable to see. However, after a while, her vision focuses again. What happened?

a. Maggie experienced sensory adaptation, and she got used to the bright sun

b. Maggie’s rods are going haywire—she isn’t able to see

c. The sun is too bright, causing Maggie’s eyes to stop working for a split second

d. All of the above

e. None of the above

3. Which receptor cells most directly enable us to distinguish different wavelengths of light?

a. Rods

b. Cones

c. Bipolar cells

d. Feature detectors

e. Ganglion Cells

4. Accommodation is the process by which

a. You are adapting to your environment

b. Why you no longer speak like a child

c. The lens focusing light rays by changing its curvature

d. The retina adjusting to get the best angle for its rods and cones

e. The ability for your eye to spot the blind spot

5. According to the Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory, we are able to see purple because

a. Our purple cones are firing

b. Our purple rods are firing

c. Purple has a smaller wavelength

d. Purple has the biggest wavelength

e. Our red and blue cones are firing

6. Things are louder at a rock concert than in the library because more ______are activated.

a. Sound Waves

b. Neurons

c. Amplitudes

d. Hair cells

e. All of the above

7. When we are exposed to the narrow band of wavelengths visible to the human eye, we see a red object as red because it rejects waves of

a. Blue-violet light.

b. Red light.

c. Green light.

d. Yellow light.

e. None of these, it absorbs the red light

8. The visual cliff tests ______in children.

a. Depth Perception

b. Binocular Cues

c. Monocular Cues

d. Sensory Adaptation

e. Parapsychology

9. A relatively permanent behavior change due to experience is what?

a. Conditioning

b. Perception

c. Learning

d. Sensation

e. Adaptability

10. Seeing lightning and wincing, because you are anticipating thunder, the lightning would be

a. Conditioned Response

b. Unconditioned Response

c. Conditioned Stimulus

d. Unconditioned Stimulus

e. None of the above

11. Marla watches her mom eat with a spoon, and imitates her. This is an example of what?

a. Classical conditioning

b. Shaping

c. Operant Conditioning

d. Observational Learning

e. Respondent Behavior

12. Pavlov's research on classical conditioning was important because

a. It highlighted the role of cognitive processes in learning.

b. So many different species of animals, including humans, can be classically conditioned.

c. It demonstrated an essential difference between animal and human learning.

d. All learning depends on reinforcement.

13. After being conditioned to laugh every time she saw a red ball, Cindy would laugh at anything that was round and red. This is an example of?

a. Generalization

b. Observational Learning

c. Extinction

d. Spontaneous Recovery

14. The difference between respondent and operant behavior is that

a. Operant behavior deals with automatic responses, while respondent does not

b. Operant behavior deals with consequences to stimuli, while respondent doesn’t

c. Respondent behavior deals with automatic responses, while operant doesn’t

d. Both b and c

e. None of the above

15. An example of a primary reinforcer would be

a. Eating food when hungry

b. Drinking water when thirsty

c. Buying clothes when sad

d. a and b

e. a, b, and c

16. Positive punishment is the introduction of a(n) ______stimulus following a behavior and negative punishment is the withdrawal of a(n) ______stimulus following a behavior.

a. Pleasant; pleasant

b. Aversive; aversive

c. Pleasant; aversive

d. Aversive; pleasant

17. Which of the following is the best example of a conditioned response?

a. Crying when hearing a tone that was associated with thunder

b. Laughing at a clown

c. Smiling when seeing your boyfriend/girlfriend

d. None of the above, these are all terrible examples

18. Observing and imitating is part of a process called what?

a. Conditioning

b. Modeling

c. Adapting

d. Behaving

19. In a well-known experiment, preschool children pounded and kicked a large inflated Bobo doll that an adult had just beaten on. This experiment served to illustrate the importance of

a. Operant conditioning.

b. Respondent behavior.

c. Observational learning.

d. Spontaneous recovery.

20. As you are taking this mock test, you are actively taking in stimuli and processing it to remember it for the test tomorrow, so you can make an A. Which memory is at work right now?

a. Short-Term Memory

b. Long-Term Memory

c. Working Memory

d. Sensory Memory

21. You are able to automatically process information that deals with

a. Space

b. Time

c. Emotions

d. a and b

e. All of the above

22. You go to the grocery store with a mental list of items your mom told you to buy. You can only remember those towards the end and at the beginning. This is due to what?

a. Spacing effect

b. Retroactive Interference

c. Serial Position Effect

d. Amnesia

23. Damage to the ______is most likely to interfere with explicit memories of verbal information. Damage to the ______is most likely to interfere with explicit memories of visual designs.

a. Right hippocampus; left hippocampus

b. Left hippocampus; right hippocampus

c. Right cerebellum; left cerebellum

d. Left cerebellum; right cerebellum

24. Our ability to remember the presidents of the United States is an example of ______memory, while our memory of riding a bike is ______memory.

a. Implicit, Explicit

b. Explicit; Implicit

c. Skill; Declarative

d. Short-term; Long-term

25. What are some ways we can improve our memory?

a. Study Repeatedly

b. Use mnemonic devices

c. Sleep more

d. All of the above

e. None of the above

26. A shortcut to getting the answer would be because you used a?

a. Retrieval Cue

b. Your memory

c. Heuristic

d. Algorithm

27. The confirmation bias refers to the tendency to

a. Search for information that supports our preconceptions.

b. Judge the likelihood of events on the basis of how easily we can remember examples of them.

c. Overestimate the accuracy of our knowledge and judgments.

d. Make judgments in a very inefficient, time-consuming fashion.

28. Consumers respond more positively to ground beef advertised as “75 percent lean” than to ground beef described as “25 percent fat.” This illustrates that consumer reactions are influenced by

a. The representativeness heuristic.

b. Confirmation bias.

c. The availability heuristic.

d. Framing

29. Chomsky believed that every human had a ______that just turned on when the time was right

a. Language Acquisition Device

b. Skinner Box

c. Universal Grammar

d. Heuristics

e. Intelligence

30. An inaccurate test that produces the same results can be what?

a. High validity, low reliability

b. High validity, high reliability

c. Low validity, high reliability

d. Low validity, low reliability