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浙江省2012高考英语二轮复习专题训练：阅读理解（1）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项.
A
Where is it possible to drive from Rome to Moscow, Madrid, Paris, Vienna, and Stockholm without going to Europe? The answer is in the state of Maine!
Throughout the United States there are many towns and cities that have been named after not only European cities but other countries as well, such as China, Poland, Norway, Sweden, and Denmark. Just how many New World place names are recycled from the Old World names has never been tallied, but one researcher found forty-one Londons, fifty-six Berlins, twenty-four Dublins, thirty-two Athenses, and twenty-seven Moscows, among others!
Reasons for European place names differ. Some were in memory of settlers’ former homes, others in honor of historic events. Founded in 1818 by John Coffee, Robert Beaty, John D. Carroll, and John Read, Athens is one of the oldest incorporated cities in the State of Alabama. The town was first called Athenson, and the name was then shortened to Athens, after the ancient city in Greece. More interestingly, some names were given by mistake. For instance, the people of Moscow, Kansas, wanted to their city to follow the name of the explorer Moscoso. They shortened his name to Mosco, and an official in Washington, thinking the Kansans couldn't spell, added a ‘W’.
1. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. In the state of Maine there are many different European cities.
B. You can drive to many European cities from the state of Maine.
C. All the settlers in the state of Maine came from Europe.
D. The state of Maine has many cities named after European cities.
2. The word “tallied” (Line 4, Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to ______.
A. built B. believed C. added D. visited
3. What might have made the official in Washington change Mosco into Moscow?
A. Moscow was a world-famous city name.
B. He thought Moscoso would prefer Moscow.
C. He believed Moscow was a far better name.
D. He couldn't spell very well and made a mistake.
4. The best title for the passage is ______.
A. The Story of Moscow, Kansas
B. American Cities and Their Names
C. Interesting Names
D. Old World Place Names in America
B
I live in the land of Disney, Hollywood and year-round sun. You may think people in such a splendid, fun-filled place are happier than others. If so, you have some mistaken ideas about the nature of happiness.
Many intelligent people still equate happiness with fun. The truth is that fun and happiness have little or nothing in common. Fun is what we experience during an act. Happiness is what we experience after an act. It is a deeper, more lasting emotion.
Going to an amusement park or ball game, watching a movie or television, are fun activities that help us relax, temporarily forget our problems and maybe even laugh. But they do not bring happiness, because their positive effects end when the fun ends.
I have often thought that if Hollywood stars have a role to play, it is to teach us that happiness has nothing to do with fun. These rich, beautiful individuals have constant access to glamorous parties, fancy cars, expensive homes, everything that spells “happiness”. But in memoir（回忆录）after memoir, they reveal the unhappiness hidden beneath all their fun: depression, alcoholism, drug addiction, broken marriages, troubled children and profound loneliness.
Ask a bachelor why he resists marriage, if he’s honest, and he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment, for commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure and excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features.
Similarly, couples that choose not to have children are deciding in favor of painless fun over painful happiness. They can dine out whenever they want and sleep as late as they can. Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night’s sleep or a three-day vacation. I don’t know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children.
Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating（解放性的）realizations. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those rich and glamorous people we were so sure are happy because they are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.
5. We can learn from the passage that______.
A. fun creates long-lasting satisfaction
B. fun provides enjoyment while pain leads to happiness
C. happiness is lasting whereas fun is short-lived
D. fun that is long-standing may lead to happiness
6. To the author, the role Hollywood stars will play is to ______.
A. write memoir after memoir about their happiness
B. tell the public that happiness has nothing to do with fun
C. teach people how to enjoy their lives
D. bring happiness to the public instead of going to parties
7. In the author’s opinion, marriage______.
A. affords greater fun B. leads to raising children
C. indicates duty and devotion D. usually ends up in pain
8. Which of the following is the best example of “painful happiness”?
A. Winning lottery by accident. B. A bachelor resisting marriage.
C. Raising children. D. Buying some fancy clothes.
9. If one gets the meaning of the true sense of happiness, he will______.
A. stop playing games and joking with others
B. keep himself with his family
C. give a free hand to money
D. use his time to increase happiness
C
Everyone gathered around and Paddy read out loud, slowly, his tone growing sadder and sadder. The littleheadline said: BOXERRECEIVES LIFF SENTENCE.
Frank Cleary, aged 26, professional boxer, was today found guilty of the murder of AlbertCumming, aged 32, laborer, last July. The jury (陪审团) reached its decision after only ten minutes, recommending the most severe punishment to the court. It was, said the judge, a simple case. Cumming and Cleary had quarreled violently at the Harbour Hotel on July 23rd and police saw Cleary kicking at the head of the unconscious Cumming.When arrested, Cleary was drunk but clear-thinking.
Cleary was sentenced to life imprisonment with hard labour. Asked if he had anything to say, Cleary answered, “Just don't tell my mother.”
“It happened over three years ago,” Paddy said helplessly. No one answered him or moved, for no one knew what to do. “Just don't tell my mother,” said Fee numbly. “And no one did! Oh, God! My poor, poor Frank!”
Paddy wiped the tears from his face and said. “Fee , pack your things. We'll go to see him.”
She half-rose before sinking back, her eyes in her small white face stared as if dead. “I can't go,”she said without a hint of pain, yet making everyone feel that the pain was there.“It would kill him to see me. I know him so well—his pride, his ambition. Let him bear the shame alone, it's what he wants.We've got to help him keep his secret.What good will it do him to see us?”
Paddy was still weeping, not for Frank, but for the life which had gone from Fee's face, for the dying in her eyes. Frank had always brought bitterness and misfortune, always stood between Fee and himself.He was the cause of her withdrawal from his heart and the hearts of his children.Every time it looked as if there might be happiness for Fee, Frank took it away.But Paddy's love for her was as deep and impossible to wipe out as hers was for Frank.
So he said.“Well, Fee, we won't go. But we must make sure he is taken care of.How about if I write to Father Jones and ask him to look out for Frank?”
The eyes didn't liven, but a faint pink stole into her cheeks. “Yes, Paddy, do that.Only make sure he knows not to tell Frank we found out. Perhaps it would ease Frank to think for certain that we don't know.”
10. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. Frank was found guilty of murder because he was a professional boxer.
B. The family didn't find out what happened to Frank until three years later.
C. The jury and the judge disagreed on whether Frank had committed murder.
D. Frank didn't want his family to find out what happened because Paddy disliked him.
11. Paddy cried because he thought ______.
A. Frank did kill someone and deserved the punishment
B. Frank should have told Fee what had happened
C. what had happened to Frank was killing Fee
D. Frank had always been a man of bad moral character
12. “She half-rose before sinking back…” (in Paragraph 6) shows that______.
A. Fee was so heart-broken that she could hardly stand up
B. Fee didn't want to upset Paddy by visiting Frank
C. Fee couldn't leave her family to go to see Frank
D. Fee struggled between wanting to see Frank and respecting his wish
13.Which of the following suggests that Fee was deeply shocked by what happened to Frank?
A. “Her eyes in her small white face stared as if dead.”
B. “Let him bear the shame alone, it’s what he wants.”
C. “Every time it looked as if there might be happiness for Fee, Frank took it away.”
D. “The eyes didn’t liven, but a faint pink stole into her cheeks.”
14. What is Fee's probable relationship with Frank and Paddy?
A. Son and brother.
B. Son and husband.
C. Brother and lover.
D. Lover and husband.
D
Psychology has a new application in the field of medicine. Many doctors, together with their patients, are looking for alternative methods of treatment of physical problems. In large hospitals, modern therapy（疗法） seems to focus on the physical disease. Patients may feel they are treated like broken machines. Some doctors have recognized this as a problem. They are now using psychological therapy, in which the patient is working with the doctors against the disease with the help of medicine. The patient does not wait for the medicine and treatment to cure him or her, but instead the patient joins in the fight.
The doctor knows that a disease affects a patient's body physically. The body of the patient changes because of the disease. He is not only physically affected, but also has an emotional response to the disease. Because his mind is affected, his attitude and behavior change. The medical treatment might cure the patient's physical problems, but the patient's mind must fight the emotional ones. For example, the studies of one doctor, Carl Simonton, M. D., have shown that a typical cancer patient has predictable attitudes. She typically feels depressed, upset, and angry. Her constant depression makes her acts unfriendly toward her family, friends, doctors, and nurses. Such attitudes and behaviors prevent recovery. Therefore, a doctor's treatment must help the patient change that. Simonton's method emphasizes treatment of the “whole” patient.
The attitude of a cancer patient receiving radiation therapy, an X-ray treatment, can become more positive. The physician who is following Simonton's psychological treatment plan suggests that the patient imagine that he or she can see the tumor（肿瘤） in the body. In the mental picture, the patient "sees" a powerful beam of radiation like a million bullets of energy. The patient imagines the beam hitting the tumor cells and causing them to shrink. For another cancer patient, Dr. Simonton asks him to imagine the medicine going from the stomach into the bloodstream and to the cancer cells. The patient imagines that the medicine is like an army fighting the diseased cells and sees the cancer cells gradually dying and his blood carry away the dead cells. Both the medical therapy and the patient's positive attitude fight the disease.
Doctors are not certain why this mental therapy works. However, this use of psychology does help some patients because their attitudes about themselves change. They become more confident because they use the power within their own minds to help stop the disease.
Another application of using the mind to help cure disease is the use of suggestion therapy. At first, the doctor helps the patient to concentrate deeply. The patient thinks only about one thing. He becomes so unaware of other things around him that he is asleep, or rather in a trance（催眠状态）. Then the physician makes “a suggestion” to the patient about the medical problem. The patient's mind responds to the suggestion even after the patient is no longer in the trance. In this way, the patient uses his mind to help his body respond to treatment.
Doctors have learned that this use of psychology is helpful for both adults and children. For example, physicians have used suggestion to help adults deal with the strong pain of some disease. Furthermore, sometimes the adult patient worries about her illness so much that the anxiety keeps her from getting well. The right suggestions may help the patient to stop being anxious. Such treatment may help the patient with a chronic（慢性的）diseases. Asthma （哮喘） is an example of a chronic disorder. Asthma is a disease that causes the patient to have difficulty in breathing. The patient starts to cough and sometimes has to fight to get the air that he or she needs. Psychology can help relieve the symptoms of this disorder. After suggestion therapy, the asthma patient breathes more easily.
Physicians have learned that the psychological method is very useful in treating children. Children respond quickly to the treatment because they are fascinated by it. For example, Dr. Basil R. Collison has worked with 121 asthmatic children in Sydney, Australia, and had good results. Twenty-five of the children had Excellent results. They were able to breathe more easily, and they did not need medication. Another forty-three were also helped. The symptoms of the asthma occurred less frequently, and when they did, they were not as strong. Most of the children also felt better about themselves. Doctors have also used suggestion to change habits like nail-biting, thumb-sucking, and sleep-related problems.