MORPHEMES
1) Underline the bound morphemes. Determine the derivational and inflectional morphemes.
The mobile phone may be the unofficial gadget of the decade. But with so many different plans to choose from –New York City alone has more than 60 such plans – how to figure out which one is the best deal for you? Try Wireless Dimension, which lets users in the top 50 U.S. cities compare many of the available wireless phonesin their area, find an authorized dealer and buy on-line.
2) Give the spelling changes after adding the inflectional morpheme s to the following nouns.
1. pencil, 2. dwarf, 3. difference between i and y, 4. speech, 5. key, 6. country, 7. calf, 8.cargo, 9. daily, 10. beach, 11. jump, 12. Murphy, 13. truth, 14. MP, 15. grownup, 16.mystery.
3) Give the spelling changes after adding then inflectional morpheme s to the following verbs.
1. play, 2. invite, 3. wash, 4. dry, 5. owe, 6. promise, 7. teach, 8. close, 9. supply, 10. deposit, 11. carry, 12. lay, 13. do, 14. miss.
4) Give the spelling changes after adding the morphemes ed, ing, er, est.
1. stay, 2. knit, 3. dye, 4. apply, 5. deliver, 6. slip, 7. cry, 8. issue, 9. sharpen, 10. dance, 11.rely, 12. die, 13. stop, 14. deter, 15. smile, 16. scrub;17. heavy, 18. sad, 19. free, 20. thin, 22. full.
WORD CLASSES
1) Read the text and determine the word class of each word in the passage.
The fundamental purpose of language is to make sense – to communicate intelligibly. But if we are to do this, we need to share asingle system of communication. It would be no use if one person were using Japanese and the other were using Arabic, or one knew only Morse code and the other knew only semaphore. The rules controlling the way acommunication system works are known as its grammar, and both sender and recipient need to use the same grammar if they are to understand each other.
2) Supply anoun corresponding to the underlined verb.
1. Ascientist observes. – He makes ……….
2. He notices facts. – He takes ………. of facts.
3. He measures carefully. – He takes careful ………..
4. He solves problems. – He finds ………. to problems.
5. He discovers new things. – He makes new ………..
6. He concludes something. – He comes to a …………
7. Science progresses rapidly. – It makes rapid ………..
3) Put the noun or verb in brackets into the correct adjective form using derivational suffixes.
1. How he died is still very (mystery) ………..
2. The (base) ……….. problem with nuclear power is disposing of nuclear waste.
3. Prague is a very (beauty) ……….. city.
4. Some of those children are extremely (create) …………
5. It is (custom) ……….. in our houses to remove our shoes at the door.
6. The cancer patient made a (remark) ………… recovery.
7. Brightly coloured mushrooms are usually not (eat) ………..
8. I am not going to play the (duty) ………… little housewife any more!
9. She climbed the steps with heavy (elephant) ………… movements.
10. Her colleagues were (envy) ………… of her success.
11. It was really (thought) ………… of you to remember my birthday.
12. It´s so (thought) …………. of John to smoke when there´s a baby around.
4) Form abstract nouns corresponding to the underlined words and complete the following sentences.
1. But there was another reason why George was eager to pass by my house. – But there was another reason for George´s ......
2. I thought, innocent I was, that the headmaster would rebuke the boys. – Thinking in my ...... that he would find some sort of suitable ...... for the boys.
3. She wanted everything to be clean. – She had a passion for ......
4. The boys recited the facts. – It was more than a simple ...... of the facts.
5. She was devoted to the Countess and the family. – Dumb ...... bound her to them.
CONVERSION
1) Find instances of conversion in the following passage. Say between which word classes conversion has taken place.
He was a tall, lean, dark-haired young man in a pullover sweater. He placed the heels of his hands against the top edge of the lower window frame and shoved upward. But as usual the window didn´t move and he had to lower his hands and then shoot them hard upward to jolt the window open a few inches. He dusted his hands. But still he didn´t begin his work. He crossed the room to the hallway entrance and called, “Clare?” When his wife answered, he said, “Sure you don´t mind going alone?”
2) Determine the word class of each underlined word.
1. He told her to give it a try.
2. Just beyond the bend, the river begins to narrow.
3. There´s an elaborate electronic record kept of your likes and dislikes.
4. Once they could fish where they wanted.
5. We enter the city and head toward the forum.
6. The Archaeological Museum houses most of the art treasure recovered from the buried cities.
7. He is nearing his goal.
8. From the mountainous coasts, glaciers cracked and avalanched into the ocean.
9. Two Indian chiefs dream of extending electricity to thevillage, but it will always stay a dream.
10. Mammals lose up to a third of their muscle as they age.
11. He wants to double the number of people who now invest in the company they work for.
12. You can´t park on double yellow lines.
13. Scotch and water, please – make it a double.
14. The trees were almost bent double in the wind.
15. Good jobs are hard to come by these days.
16. She has been working hard all morning.
17. In my long life I have seen many changes in our habits.
18. Yet even this makes me long more for home.
19. Have you been waiting long?
20. Let´s go out to eat tonight.
21. When he came out of the army he worked in a hotel.
22. I have tons of work to do. At least that gives me an out.
23. A magistrate may fine people, they must pay a fine.
24. That arrangement suits me fine.
25. The weather is fine.
3) Use the following words as adjectives in sentences of your own.
1.office, 2. hand, 3. computer, 4. war, 5. lemon, 6. flower, 7. language, 8. May, 9. meat, 10. press, 11. cross, 12. blood, 13. road, 14. pay, 15. heart, 16. budget, 17. hospital, 18. art.
COMPOUNDS
1) Decide which of the following underlined words are compounds.
1.Let´s hire a rowing boat and go on the river.
2. George got stuck in the sliding door.
3. My burning ambition is to travel around the world.
4. Have you sold that camping equipment?
5. I´ve left him the message on his answering machine.
6. MY father was a kind and forgiving man.
7. He bought her a nice wedding ring.
8. She had gnowing doubts about her own abilities.
9. There are two baking trays in the oven.
2) Form compounds using synonyms of the given expressions.
1. a solid yellow stuff made from milk or cream + a small insect with two wings
= an insect with large brightly coloured wings
2. grey dust left when something has burnt + a flat piece of metal or glass used for carrying things
= a small dish where you put used cigarettes
3. living, not dead + supply of something that you keep
= farm animals
4. the official system for carrying letters, parcels + set of numbers, letters or signs
= a group of numbers which shows the exact area where a house is
5. a dry brown fruit inside a hard shell + a small exploding firework
= a tool for cracking
6. below + someone who has completed a university degree course
= a student who is doing a university course
7. not long + to be seen suddenly
= unable to see objects clearly unless they are very close
8. the planet Earth + not narrow
= spread over all parts
3) Complete each unfinished sentence using compounds.
1. It´s a job which consumes a lot of time. It´s a ......
2. It´s a picture which looks funny. It´s a ......
3. It´s a record which plays for a long time. It´s a ......
4. This work never ends. It´s a ......
5. They search for life which lasts forever. They search for ......
4) Guess what it is.
1. A place where buses start and finish their journey is ......
2. A set of shelves for keeping books on is ......
3. A large piece of wood or plastic that you cut meat on is ......
4. The act of having a baby is ......
5. A small circular piece of hard plastic on which music, or large quantities of information can be stored is ......
6. The line of hair above your eye is ......
7. A building where several doctors have offices is ......
8. A strong feeling of great sadness and anxiety is ......
NOUNS – COUNTABILITY
1) Use these non-count nouns to complete the sentences below:advice, baggage, respect,
furniture, consideration, jewellery, openness, housework, property, knowledge, experience.
1. My ………. in the Cabinet Office helped me to see how much more effective are the Cabinet ministers, who treat their colleagues with ………., ………. and ………..
2. The room was so full of ………. it was difficult to move.
3. She doesn´t have enough time to do the ………..
4. All the passengers carried their own ………..
5. I have very little ………. of electricity.
6. The police eventually found most of the stolen ………..
7. Women should keep expensive ………. in a safe.
8. I thought he had given her some ………. about her move to New York.
2) Mark C for countable and U for uncountable nouns.
1. Mr. Jordan told her to keep him informed of the progress of her job search. 2. The other source of his determination is his knowledge of history.3. He left brief messages on her answering machine.4. Truth and justice have long been delayed. 5. I am sorry for not replying sooner but I had some business to take care of. 6. Is there any evidence that ghosts exist? 7. After all the excitement the children were tired. 8. I think it is cruel to do experiments on animals.9. She told me a lot of gossip about all her relations.
3) Add a, an, 0 or some to distinguish between count and non-count nouns.
1. He bristles when people say he knows nothing about managing … economy, boasting of his academic credentials in … economics.
2. She gave me … good advice.
3. I hope this letter finds you in … good health.
4. To get a job in Switzerland foreigners need … special permission.
5. There is … pollution everywhere, even in the countryside.
6. … assistant brings her … large leather book.
7. Then abruptly, wrote … eyewitness, “the earth showed … awful mouth from which poured out … smoke, … fire, and … ashes.
8. They bought … mining machinery.
9. She has … long black hair.
10. There was … long black hair in my soup.
11. He found flying … wonderful experience.
12. The committee were prepared for … lengthy sitting.
13. … sitting in a comfortable armchair makes me sleepy.
4) Complete the following sentences with partitives.
1. How many ….. of string did you need to use?
2. She has bought two ….. of flour, three ….. of biscuits and a ….. of jam.
3. Cut three ….. of that brown ….. of bread.
4. What have you been doing with those ….. of grass?
5. You should take three ….. of medicine every day.
6. Add a few ….. of oil, a ….. of pepper and a ….. of salt.
7. The truck drove off in a ….. of dust.
8. Firemen have to be trained to direct the ….. of water from their hoses accurately.
9. Can you give me another ….. of paper?
10. There wasn´t a ….. of truth in what she said.
11. He had finished lunch in the house when a ….. of lightning hit the thatched roof.
12. I saw a big flash and then heard a huge ….. of thunder.
NOUNS – PLURAL
1) Explain the pecularities of plural formation in the nouns used in the following sentences.
1. Far above the rich valleys, where subalpine firs dot the timberline, deer and elk range free while Olympic marmots fatten on wild flowers for winter hibernation.
2. When summer comes, there are blackberries to gather for local dealers.
3. Winter is the time to collect pinecones, which they sell for seed to local nurseries.
4. Though they find ideal habitat in these waters, salmon are in decline partially because of overharvesting by commercial fishermen.
2) Complete the correct plural forms of the words in brackets.
1. Toxic (gas) forced the early (excavator) to abandon the site.
2. “We are dying like (mouse),” complained a woman.
3. Marine (biologist) have noted increasing population of southern fur (seal) and various (species) of (penguin).
4. The (copy) of earlier Greek (masterpiece) are now lost.
5. Some (person) were killed when their (roof) collapsed.
6. Can you see these (groove) on her (tooth)?
7. He gave her two (brooch).
8. All the (MP) had (photo) taken with the President.
9. He put the (knife) all together in the middle of the table.
10. I personally do not approve of the image of (woman) as (housewife).
11. I prefer eating fresh things like (tomato) and (lettuce).
12. Comic and tragic (mask), along with (mime) and (pantomime), were popular (motif).
13. Released into the sea, fertile (egg) sink (hundred) of metres to (depth) where the (egg) hatch and the (larva) develop.
14. Along this ancient beach lay an entire Roman population: (man, woman) and (child, patrician, freedman and slave).
15. My own (belief) differ from those of the church in several (way).
16. He saw everything buried deep in (ash) like (snowdrift).
17. The electronic age has changed our (life).
18. (Passerby) – respectable (citizen) and (office worker) – looked with amazement and horror.
19. Malarial (mosquito) breed in stagnant water.
20. Such goods are freighted in the (aircraft), which fly between the (village).
21. The farmer keeps (goose), (goat), (sheep) and (grouse).
22. Most (editorinchief) opposed the facts.
3) Fill in the correct plural forms of the words given in the brackets.
1. The dead wood left on the ground by flattened (tree) also provided an ideal home for rare (fungus, beetle) and (larva).
2. There are now (bacterium) commonly found in (hospital ward).
3. A slightly crooked back and fused (vertebra) could have been caused by years of slave labour. 4. A starfish grasps the (antenna) with (tooth).
5. The author suspects that such ice (alga) may be a valuable food source during Antarctic winter.6. There has never been a serious study of these (phenomenon).
7. Very few other Roman (skeleton) have survived.
8. The way they lie in the ancient (stratum) will help him work out (scenario) of how Vesuvius took those (life).
9. (Antropologist) who specialize in the (analysis) of ancient (bone), have been on site since my first visit.
10. The (eye) are sometimes (index) of character.
4) Rewrite these sentences in the plural
1. Has the crisis changed the character of the region?
2. The volcano seems so inescapable.
3.This Roman craft promises to reveal much to an archaeologist.
4. A hunting dog attack deer.
5. Each phase of an eruption deposits a stratum of lava.
6. A hunt scene was another motif of the garden wall painting.
7. The monkey is a sacred animal in India.
8. The researcher injected the virus into the mouse and watched as its muscle improved.
9. The louse loves dirty skin and dirty hair.
10. A musk ox is an animal that survives well on the tundra.
11. The giant tree whisked softly in the wind, and dropped a leaf like a brown handkerchief.
12. The take-off of the rocket is sometimes delayed.
5) Correct the mistakes in the following sentences.
1. The score was found in the archive of the town´s library.
2. He continues to try to dance but is in constant pains.
3. In the tropic, it is easy to find ten different specieses than ten specimen of the same species.
4. The islandes in the Maldive have developed on coral reeves.
5. My father was appalled and said: “I know you´ve got brain!”
6. The Netherland will ban the breeding and sales of four types of dangerous dog from July.
7. Domino was probably imported from France but dart is an English game.
8. He is rapidly leading his troop away from the European Union.
9. I spent the morning unpacking my cloths.
10. The premise has been enlarged since my last visit.
11. They simply disappeared, possibly in catastrophies, during the Middle age.
12. We rejected the proposal on the ground that it involved further unemployments.
13. I have to take the train because the house is on the outskirt of London.
14. They hunted foxes and gazelles.
15. There were a few looker-ons watching television quizes.
6) Use the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. It´s (custom) in Japan to take off your shoes before entering a house.
2. You will have to pass through the (custom).
3. Despite all his (effort), the prisoner failed to escape.
4. Digging the tunnel demanded a great deal of (effort).
5. The motel has hot and cold (water) in each bedroom.
6. The Antarctic (water) are remote from the countries.
7. European (force) may have to work together.
8. The (force) of the explosion blew out all the windows.
9. (Bowl) is also popular among people with (disability).
10. Don´t you realize the (damage) these (chemical) are doing to our environment?
11. The court awarded him a great sum of money in (damage).
12. They have no (ground) for complaint.
13. Please give your sister my warmest (regard).
14. He shows no (regard) for other people.
15. This map is drawn to the (scale) of 1:250000.
16. She has weighed all the (fruit) on the (scale).
17. She takes great (pain) with her work.
18. He read the (minute) of the previous meeting.
19. (That/Those) statistics (to be) incorrect.
20. Physics (to seek) to understand the mysteries of the physical world.
GENDER
1) Supply the missing words (counterparts)
1. prince - ….. 2. duke - … 3. male - … 4. god - … 5. bride - …… 6. aunt - …… 7. turkey - ….. 8. hen - … 9. goose - …10. stallion - …11. ram - …12. wife - …13. hero- … 14. spinster - …
15. widower - … 16. grandson - …17. wizard - … 18. emperor - …19. queen - … 20. usher - …
21. countess - …22. niece - …. 23. monk - … 24. Dear Sir - … 25. stewardess - …
GENITIVE
1) Put the genitive inflectional morpheme ´s or just apostrophe ´ in the space marked / / in the following expressions.
1. the country / / problems, 2. the boss / / computer, 3. boys / / cars, 4. the horse / / mouth, 5. a lady / / lipstick, 6. Achilles / / heel, 7. ladies / / wear, 8. the teacher / / plan, 9. women / / movement, 10. Slovakia / / foreign trade, 11. librarians / / duties, 12. the Church / / activity, 13. actresses / / opportunities, 14. your money / / worth, 16. Oedipus / / life, 17. a year / / time, 18. children / / behaviour