____1.The Balance Between a Host and Parasite Is Impacted By

Mutualisms

Multiple Choice

Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____1.The balance between a host and parasite is impacted by

a. / climatic conditions / c. / such factors as age and general nutrition
b. / genetic makeup of both organisms / d. / all of these

____2.Which of the following is a microparasite

a. / mistletoe / c. / fleas
b. / viruses / d. / mosquitoes

____3.A host which harbors the sexual stages of a parasite is termed the ______host

a. / intermediate / c. / definitive
b. / direct / d. / macro

____4.Which of the following would be an example of an ectoparasite?

a. / a bacteria infecting the blood / c. / a tapeworm living in the intestine
b. / a tick sucking blood / d. / a fluke that inhabits the bloodstream

____5.One effect of parasites on hosts involves changes in host behavior which may increase parasite fitness.

a. / True / b. / False

____6.Parasites may regulate host populations.

a. / True / b. / false

____7.Mutualsitic relationship between ants and acacia

a. / serve to protect the acacia from predation / c. / both a and b
b. / serve to nourish the ants

____8.Parasites may act as density independent controls on prey populations.

a. / True / b. / False

____9.A pathogen which survives in rodents but does not necessarily cause a disease in them and occasionally spreads to certain bird species is a pathogen with a reservoir in ______.

a. / ants / c. / birds
b. / rodents / d. / fish

____10.A parasite which completes the reproductive aspects of its life cycle in a marine mammal but has its juvenile stages in small crustaceans and fish has its ______stage in marine mammals.

a. / resting / c. / definitive
b. / alternate / d. / ultimate

____11.The organism that is harmed in a pathogenic relationship is the

a. / vector / c. / bad guy
b. / host / d. / disease triangle

Use this narrative for the next 3 questions: Five years ago a disease suddenly started attacking maple trees in Mapleville. Heartbroken grandparents watched as trees they had carved their initials in were felled and reduced to firewood and chips which were spread in beneath plantings of a popular new shrub introduced only a couple years prior to the outbreak from a remote part of China.

____12.What might explain the appearance of a new and troubling disease outbreak in the previously unaffected tree species?

a. / a period of several years of heavier than normal rainfall / c. / the sudden popularity and consequent widespread planting of a shrub introduced from another part of the world
b. / warmer summer temperatures / d. / all of these might be involved

____13.Two students from the local community college decided to find some answers contacted a fortune teller who gave them some good advice. What was it?

a. / take their next ecology exam and forget about the trees / c. / check with the local historian, in all probability someone long ago committed a crime under one of the trees and now the entire town was being punished
b. / all that long-ago carving of initials was the likely cause / d. / look for a tiny creature with six legs beneath the bark of the sick trees and see if it was present in healthy trees

____14.Eventually the students discovered that a fungus was the cause of the deaths of the trees and that a beetle was carrying the disease from tree to tree. The had discovered the

a. / reservoir of the disease / c. / they had discovered both the pathogen and vector
b. / they had discovered both the pathogen and the host / d. / perpetrator of a long ago crime that lead to all the woes of the town

____15.Modifications of behavior of a worm which acts as a definitive host of a pathogen making it more susceptible to predation by birds which serve both as a definitive host of the pathogen and enable its long distance spread results in

a. / fat birds / c. / increased survival of the lucky uninfected worms
b. / increased fitness of the pathogen / d. / decreased fitness of the birds

____16.Brood parasites

a. / may kill parent birds sitting on their nests / c. / prematurely evict their young from nests causing them to migrate to nests of other species who then act as foster parents
b. / my decrease fitness of the host species by reducing their reproductive success / d. / are tiny lice which affect baby birds

____17.A possible host reaction to brood parasitism might be to

a. / welcome the predator hoping it would feel it had entered a trap / d. / feed the young of the parasite thus decreasing its own fitness
b. / eject the eggs of the predator from its nest / e. / both b and d are possibilities
c. / shift its breeding range to areas not impacted by the parasite

____18.Components of the disease triangle include host genetic makeup, pathogen virulence, environment

a. / True / b. / False

____19.In a successful (balanced) host-parasite relationship the host dies as a consequence of disease inflicted by the parasite.

a. / true / b. / false

Matching

a. / mutualsitic / d. / facultative
b. / parasitic / e. / vector
c. / obligate

____20.a relationship in which a host becomes diseased would involve a ______relationship

____21.if partners in a mutualsitic relationship cannot survive without each other the relationship involves ______partners.

____22.the relationship between a broom plant the the nitrogen fixing bacteria which become associated with its roots is termed a ______relationship.

____23.the relationship between dodder and its host would be considered a ______relationship

____24.the mosquito which transfers malaria from one host to another serves as a ______.

____25.the relationship between the organisms making up a lichen is considered a ______mutualsitic relationship.

____26.MacArthur’s study of feed behavior of several species of warblers in the same habitat demonstrated that although each feeds on similar prey each also

a. / specialized in when it gathered its prey. / c. / nested in different places.
b. / specialized in where and how it gathered its prey. / d. / drove other species aggressively out of a particular niche.

____27.A possible outcome of interspecific competition is that competing species expand their ranges as they seek broader fundamental niches.

a. / true / b. / false

____28.The concept of competitive exclusion was originally suggested by

a. / Barnum and Bailey who observed that tall people often sat in the front rows at the circus, thereby excluding people sitting behind them from seeing the performing tigers / c. / the Lotka-Volterra equations
b. / Gause who performed a series of experiments with paramecium in the laboratory / d. / Charles Darwin who investigated interactions of finch populations in the Galapagos Islands

____29.In an ecosystem, you would expect to find interspecific competition between

a. / males and females of the same species / c. / males of the species during the breeding season
b. / populations of two species that occupy the same niche / d. / a prey species and its predator

____30.Production of diffusible chemical inhibitors by plants which suppress the growth of other species is a form of exclusion known as ______

a. / inhibition / c. / pathogenesis
b. / allelopathy / d. / predation

____31.Resources may include

a. / light / c. / space
b. / nutrients / d. / all of these

____32.The differentiation of niches that enables similar species to coexist in a community is called

a. / resource partitioning / c. / niche competition
b. / interspecific competition / d. / resource reduction

____33.If two species require the same limiting resource, what would you predict about their ability to coexist?

a. / if they can extract from differently from different parts of the habitat or in different ways from the same habitat they could coexist in differing realized niches / c. / one or the other could become extinct, the other they occupying the entire habitat
b. / they could drive each other to extinction / d. / a and c seem most likely possibilities.

____34.Two species, both feeding on the same prey items in the same habitat have reached a stable relationship. How would the populations of each original species change if a third species, also relying on the same prey items emigrates to this happy little world?

a. / they would both drop unless the newcomer extracts prey from a previously unexploited aspect of the habitat / c. / one of the original species only might be affected if the newly introduced species competed only with it in the habitat
b. / one or another of the original species could become extinct due to competitive interference / d. / all of these and more could happen

____35.In a competitive interaction in which species 1 has a higher carrying capacity (K1) than species 2 (K2) it would be expected that species 2 would become extinct.

a. / True / b. / False

____36.G Gause was one of the first to support the Lotka-volterra equations by studying competitive exclusion in grasses.

a. / True / b. / False

____37.Preemptive competition occurs as two sessile species partition a habitat.

a. / True / b. / False

____38.The competitive exclusion principle states that two ‘complete competitors’ cannot coexist.

a. / True / b. / False

____39.Interspecific ______is a term applied to competition for space access for such resources as food or nesting sites.

a. / differentiation / c. / territoriality
b. / preemption / d. / allelopathy

____40.Which of the following is a non-resource (or non-consumable resource) that can influence the outcome of competition among plant species?

a. / temperature / c. / water
b. / light / d. / nitrogen

____41.The portion of potential resource and conditions that an organism actually exploits as a result of interactions with other species it its

a. / home range / c. / realized niche
b. / territory / d. / fundamental niche