1) Swallowing Referred to As______, and in the Pharyngeal-Esophageal Phase Is Controlled

BIOL 255 SI, Molly

Unit 5B/C – Digestion Part 2, 12/2/16

1) Swallowing referred to as______, and in the pharyngeal-esophageal phase is controlled by the ______and the lower______.

2) As the bolus move down the esophagus in an action referred to as______, the first valve or sphincter it moves through to get into the stomach is the ______or lower ______sphincter.

3) In the stomach,______digestion of ______begins and food is churned, and converted to______.

4) The functions of the Stomach are to ______ingested food, ______food (physically and______), to ______chyme to small intestine, enzymatically digest ______with ______, and secrete ______factor required for vitamin B12______.

5) Small intestine, in which most ______takes place,runs from the______sphincter to the ______valve and has______subdivisions: the first is the ______, the middle portion is the______, and the last portion is the______, which joins with the______intestine at the______valve.

6) The ______and ______hepatic ducts merge and become the ______duct, the ______duct merges with the common ______duct and becomes the ______duct, which merges with the main ______duct at the ______which empties into the______. This is controlled by thesphincter of______.Also, the ______pancreatic duct empties ______into the______, anterior to the ______ampulla.

7) The inner surface of the small intestines contains ______, which are deep circular folds of ______and______, which increase ______area 10 fold. They are made up of ______that are______extensions of mucosa into the______which also ______surface area 10 fold, and also______,which are tiny projections of ______mucosal cells’membranes into lumen which also increases surface area 10 fold.

8) Hepatocytes’ functions include: ______of bile, ______blood-borne nutrients, ______of fat-soluble vitamins, and______. Secreted bile flows in bile ______between hepatocytestoward ______ducts in portal______.

9) The small intestine is the site where most chemical ______occurs and virtually all nutrient are______.

10) Large Intestine has 3 unique features: the ______, which is three bands of longitudinal ______muscle in muscularis, along with the ______which are pocket-like ______caused by muscle ______of teniae coli, and finally the ______appendages that are ______-filled pouches of ______peritoneum which store ______for future use.

11) The functions of the normal flora of the large intestines are to ______the colon, ______potential pathogens, ______indigestible carbohydrates which release irritating acids and gases (flatus), and ______B complex ______and vitamin___.

12) The process of defecation starts with the fecal ______of rectal walls which ______the rectal wall contraction that relaxes the ______anal sphincter that is composed of ______muscle and is under ______control. This then stimulates the Nervous System controlling the voluntary aspects of defecation, and when you are ready, you perform the ______maneuver which involves the contraction of the ______, the abdominal wall ______, and closing of the glottis, and then finally relaxation of the______anal sphincter, which results in defecation.

13) During the embryonic development of the digestive system, by the 3rd week, an ______fold becomes the foregut and hindgut. The mouth and anal openings are formed of mucosa from the______; while all muscularis is formed from the ______; but the oral cavity and anus are formed from______. During the 8th week the accessory organs bud from______, and their connections become ducts.

Courtesy: mbmadsen