Appendix
List of species recorded in the study area; their geographic distribution (COSM= Cosmopolitan, ES= Euro-Siberian, GC= Guineo-congolese, IN= Indian, IT= Irano-Turanian, MA= Malaysian, ME= Mediterranean, SA= Saharo-Arabian, SS= Saharo-sindian , SU= Sudanian, TR= Tropical); conservation status (Un= Undocumented, End= Endangered, Thr= Threatened); commonness (CC= Very Common, C= Common, FC= Fairly Common, FR= Fairly Rare, R= Rare, RR= Very Rare); life span (Ann= Annual, Bin= Biennial, Per=Perennial); growth form (Ph= phanerophyte, Ch= cheamophyte, Hc= himecryptophyte, Gh= geophyte, Hh= hydrophyte, Th= Therophyte); utilitarian importance (Gr=Grazing, Md=Medicine, Fu=Fuel, Ta=Tanning, Ed=Edible, Ar=Aromatic, Fe=fencing & windbreak, Or= ornamental, Ot= others such as detergent, rope making, in making thatches, handicraft); and ecological importance (BP= Bee-plant, BioR= bioremediation potential, Es= Esthetic value, Hyd= Hydrophyte, Ph= phreatophytes, Re= Refuge, Sf=Sand fixation, Sh=Shading, Sr= Soil fertility, St= Salt tolerant, W= Weed, Wb=Windbreak (natural), Ws= Water storage, Ot= others).
Species / Family / Geographic Distribution / Conservation status / commonness / Life Span / Growth Form / Utilitarian importance / Ecological ImportanceAcacia ehrenbengiana Hayane3 / Leguminosae / ME, SU, TR, SA, IT / Thr / rr / Per / Ph / Gr, Md / Sf, Ph, Sr, Sh
Achillea santolina L.3 / Compositae / IT / Un / r / Per / Th / Md, Gr, Fu / Sf, Sh, Es
Adonis dentata Delile1,2,3 / Ranunculaceae / ME, SA, IT / Un / cc / Ann / Th / Gr, Md, Ot / Sf, Es, Sh, Sr, Ot
Aegilops kotschyi Boiss.1, 3 / Gramineae / SA, IT / Un / c / Ann / Th / Gr, Md, Fu / Sf, Sr, Ot
Aeluropus lagopoides (L.) Trin. ex Thwaites2 / Gramineae / ME, SA, IT / Un / cc / Per / Gh / Gr, Ed / St
Aeluropus littoralis (Gouan) Parl.2 / Gramineae / ME, IT / Un / rr / Per / Gh / Gr / St
Agathophora alopecuroides (Delile) Fenzl ex Bunge2 / Chenopodiaceae / SA / Un / r / Per / Ch / Gr / Un
Aizoon canariense L.2, 3 / Aizoaceae / ME, SA, SU, GC / Un / cc / Ann / Th / Md / Sf, St
Alhagi graecorum Boiss.3 / Leguminosae / ME, SA, IT, SU / Un / Fc / Per / Ch / Gr, Fu, Md, Ed / Sf, Wb, Sr, St, Ph
Allium curtum Boiss. & Gaill.1 / Alliaceae / ME, IT / Un / r / Per / Gh / Un / We
Allium papillare Boiss.1 / Alliaceae / SA (Endemic) / Un / r / Per / Gh / Un / Un
Allium roseum L.2, 3 / Alliaceae / SA / End / r / Per / Gh / Gr, Ed, Md / Sf
Alternanthera sessilis (L.) Dc.2 / Amaranthaceae / ME, IT, TR / Un / Fc / Per / Gh / Md, Gr, Ed, Or / We
Amaranthus hybridus subsp. hybridus L.2 / Amaranthaceae / TR / Un / Fc / Ann / Th / Md / Un
Amaranthus lividus L.2 / Amaranthaceae / TR / Un / r / Ann / Th / Ed, Md, Ot / Un
Amaranthus viridis L.2 / Amaranthaceae / COSM / Un / cc / Ann / Th / Md, Ed / Un
Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam.2 / Umbelliferae / ME, IT / Un / c / Ann / Th / Md, Ot / Un
Ammochloa palaestina Boiss.1, 3 / Gramineae / ME, SA, IT / Thr / Fc / Ann / Th / Gr / St, Sf
Ammophila arenaria (L.) Link3 / Gramineae / ME / Thr / cc / Per / Th / Gr, Fu / Sf, Sh, Wb, St, Ot
Anabasis articulata (Forssk.) Moq.1, 3 / Chenopodiaceae / SA, IT / Un / c / Per / Gh / Gr, Md, Fu, Ot / Sf, Sh, Wb, Re, St, Sr
Anabasis oropediorum Maire3 / Chenopodiaceae / SA / Un / cc / Per / Ch / Gr, Md, Fu / Sf, Sh, Wb, Re, St
Anabasis setifera Moq.3 / Chenopodiaceae / SA, IT, IN / Un / c / Per / Ch / Ed, Gr / Un
Anacyclus monanthos L.3 / Compositae / ME / Un / cc / Ann / Th / Gr, Fu / Sf, Wb, We
Anagallis arvensis L.2, 3 / Primulaceae / ME, ES, IT / Un / c / Ann / Th / Gr, Md / Es
Anchusa hispida Forssk.3 / Boraginaceae / ME / Un / c / Ann / Th / Gr / Sf
Anchusa humilis (Desf.) I. M. Johnst.1 / Boraginaceae / SA / Un / c / Ann / Th / Gr / Sf
Anethum graveolens L.2 / Umbelliferae / SU / Un / Fc / Ann / Th / Md, Ed / Un
Anthemis microsperma Boiss. & Kotschy3 / Compositae / SA (Endemic) / Thr / c / Ann / Th / Gr, Md / Un
Argyrolobium arabicum (Decne.) Jaub & Spach3 / Leguminosae / ME, SU, SA / Un / r / Ann / Th / Gr, Md, Or / Sr
Argyrolobium uniflorum (Decne.) Jaub. & Spach1, 3 / Leguminosae / ME, SA, SU / Un / Fr / Per / Ch / Gr, Md, Fu / Sf, Sh, Wb, Sr, Ot
Arisarum vulgare var. veslingii3 / Araceae / ME / Thr / c / Per / Th / Gr, Md,Ed / Sf, St
Artemisia monosperma Delile1, 3 / Compositae / ME, SA / Un / Fc / Per / Ch / Gr, Md, Fu / Sf, Sh, Wb, Re, Sr, Ot
Arthrocnemum macrostachyum (Moric.) K. Koch1, 2, 3 / Chenopodiaceae / ME, SA / Un / c / Per / Gh / Gr, Fu, Md, Ot / Sf, Sh, Wb, Re, St, Br, Ws, Sr
Asparagus aphyllus L.3 / Liliaceae / ME / Thr / Fc / Per / Ch / Gr, Md, Fu / Sf, Sh, Wb, Es, Re
Asparagus stipularis Forssk.1, 2, 3 / Liliaceae / ME, SA / Un / r / Per / Ch / Gr, Md, Fu, Fe / Sf, Wb, Es, Sh, Sr, Ot
Asphodelus aestivus Brot.3 / Asphodelaceae / ME / Un / cc / Per / Th / Gr, Md, Fu, Ot / Sf, Sh, Wb, Es, Ws, St
Asphodelus viscidulus Boiss.1 / Asphodelaceae / SA / Un / r / Ann / Th / Gr, Fu, Md / St
Aster squamatus (Spreng.) Hieron ex Sod2, 3 / Compositae / TR / Un / Fr / Bin / Ch / Gr, Md / St, Ph
Astragalus annularis Forssk.1, 3 / Leguminosae / ME, SA / Un / c / Ann / Th / Gr, Md / Sf, Sr, Ot
Astragalus boeticus L.1, 2, 3 / Leguminosae / ME / Un / Fc / Ann / Th / Gr, Md / Sr
Astragalus camelorum Barbey1 / Leguminosae / SA (Endemic) / End / rr / Per / Ch / Gr / Sf
Astragalus fruticosus Forssk.1 / Leguminosae / SA / Un / r / Per / Hc / Gr, Ed / Sf
Astragalus kahiricus DC.1 / Leguminosae / SA / Un / r / Per / Hc / Gr / Sf
Astragalus peregrinus Vahl.2 / Leguminosae / SA / Un / Fc / Ann / Th / Md / St
Astragalus spinosus (Forssk.) Muschl.3 / Leguminosae / SA, IT / Un / c / Per / Ch / Gr Md, Md / Sf, Sh, Wb, Es, Sr, Re
Atractylis carduus (Forssk.) C. Chr.1, 3 / Compositae / ME, SA / Un / Fc / Per / Ch / Gr, Md / Sf, Sr, Ot
Atractylis proliferaBoiss.3 / Compositae / SA / Un / cc / Ann / Th / Un / Sf
Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt.2 / Chenopodiaceae / MA / Un / r / Per / Ch / Md, Ot / St
Atriplex halimus L.2, 3 / Chenopodiaceae / ME, SE / Un / Fc / Per / Gh / Gr, Md, Ed, Fu, Or, Ot / Sf, Sh, Wb, Re, St
Atriplex leucoclada Boiss.2, 3 / Chenopodiaceae / SA, IT / Un / r / Per / Ph / Gr / St
Atriplex nummularia Lindl.2, 3 / Chenopodiaceae / TR, IN, ME / Un / r / Per / Ch / Gr, Md, Fu / Sf, Sh, Wb, Re
Atriplex portulacoides L.2 / Chenopodiaceae / ME, ES, IT / Un / Fc / Per / Ch / Gr / Un
Avena barbata Pott ex Link1 / Gramineae / ME, ES, IT / Un / cc / Ann / Th / Gr, Md / We
Avena fatua L.2, 3 / Gramineae / COSM / Un / cc / Ann / Th / Gr / Un
Azolla filiculoides Lam.2 / Azollaceae / TR / Un / Fc / Per / Hh / Gr, Md, Ot / Un
Bassia indica (Wight) A. J. Scott2 / Chenopodiaceae / IT, SU / Un / c / Ann / Th / Gr, Md, Ed / Un
Bassia muricata L. (Asch.)1, 3 / Chenopodiaceae / SA, IT / Un / c / Ann / Th / Gr, Md, Fu / Sf, Sh, St, Ws
Bellevalia salah-eidii Taekh. & Boulos1 / Liliaceae / SA (Endemic) / End / rr / Per / Gh / Un / Ws
Bellevalia sp.3 / Liliaceae / IT, SA / Un / rr / Per / Th / Un / Ws
Beta vulgaris L.2, 3 / Chenopodiaceae / COSM / Un / Fc / Ann / Th / Gr, Ed / St
Biarum olivieri Blume1 / Araceae / SA-AR / End / r / Per / Gh / Un / Un
Blepharis edulis (Forssk.)3 / Acanthaceae / ME, TR, SA, IT / Un / Fc / Per / Th / Gr, Md / Sf, Es
Brachypodium distachyum (L.) P. Beauv.1, 3 / Gramineae / ME, IT / Un / c / Ann / Th / Gr / We
Brassica rapa L.2 / Brassicaceae / COSM / Un / Fc / Ann / Th / Md, Ed / Un
Brassica tournefortii Gouan1, 2, 3 / Brassicaceae / ME, SA, IT / Un / cc / Ann / Th / Gr, Md, Ed, Ot / Sf, Sw
Bromus catharticus Vahl.2, 3 / Gramineae / ME, ES, IT, MA / Un / Fr / Ann / Th / Gr, Ed / Un
Bromus lanceolata Roth1 / Gramineae / ME, IT / Un / r / Ann / Th / Un / Un
Bromus rubens L.1 / Gramineae / ME, SA, IT / Un / Fc / Ann / Th / Gr, Md / Sr
Bupleurum semicompositum L.1, 3 / Umbelliferae / ME, IT, SA / Un / Fc / Ann / Th / Gr, Md, Ar, Fu, Ed, Ot / Sf, Es, St, Sr, Ot
Cakile maritima Scop.1, 2, 3 / Brassicaceae / ME, IT / Thr / Fc / Ann / Th / Gr, Md, Ot / Sf, Sh, Wb, St, Sr, Ot
Calendula arvensis L.2, 3 / Compositae / ME, SA, IT, ES / Un / cc / Ann / Th / Gr, Md / Sf, Es
Calligonum polygonoides L.1, 3 / Polygonaceae / SA, IT / Thr / Fr / Per / Ph / Fu, Gr, Fu, Md, Ta, Ot / Sf, Sh, Wb, Re, Sr, Ot
Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.3 / Brassicaceae / COSM / Un / cc / Ann / Th / Md / Un
Carduncellus eriocephalus Boiss.3 / Compositae / SA / Un / c / Per / Th / Gr, Md / Sf, Sh, Es
Carduus getulus Pomel3 / Compositae / SA / Un / cc / Ann / Th / Un / We
Carduus pynocephalus L.2 / Compositae / ME, IT / Un / Fc / Ann / Th / Un / Un
Carex divisa Huds.2 / Cyperaceae / ME, ES, IT / Un / c / Ann / Th / Un / Un
Carrichtera annua (L.) DC.3 / Brassicaceae / SA / Un / c / Ann / Th / Gr, Md / Sf
Carthamus lanatus L.3 / Compositae / ME / Un / c / Bin / Th / Gr, Md / Sf, Sh, Wb, Re
Cenchrus ciliaris L.3 / Gramineae / ME, TR, SA, IT, IN / Un / rr / Per / Th / Gr / Sf, Wb
Centaurea alexandrina Delile3 / Compositae / ME (near endemic) / Un / cc / Bin / Th / Gr, Md, Fu / Sf, Sh, We
Centaurea calcitrapa L.1, 2, 3 / Compositae / ME, ES / Un / cc / Per / Ch / Md, Ed, Gr, Fu / Sf, Sh, Re
Centaurea glomerata Vahl3 / Compositae / ME, SA (near endemic) / Un / c / Ann / Th / Gr, Md, Fu / Sf, Sh, We
Centaurea pumilio L.2 / Compositae / ME / Un / Fc / Per / Ch / Un / Un
Centropodia forsskaolii (Vahl) Cope1, 3 / Gramineae / TR, IN, SU, TR , SA / Un / Fr / Per / Gh / Gr, Md / Sf, Sr
Ceratophyllum demersum L.2 / Ceratophyllaceae / COSM / Un / c / Per / Hh / Gr, Md / Un
Ceratophyllum submersum L.2 / Ceratophyllaceae / ME, ES, IT / Un / rr / Per / Hh / Gr / Un
Chenopodium album L.2 / Chenopodiaceae / COSM / Un / cc / Ann / Th / Md, Ed / Un
Chenopodium ambrosioides L.2 / Chenopodiaceae / COSM / Un / cc / Ann / Th / Md / Un
Chenopodium glaucum L.2 / Chenopodiaceae / ME, ES, IT / Un / rr / Ann / Th / Un / Un
Chenopodium murale L.2, 3 / Chenopodiaceae / COSM / Un / cc / Ann / Th / Ed, Md / Sf, St
Chenopodium opulifolium Schrad. ex Koch and Ziz.2 / Chenopodiaceae / ME, ES, IT / Un / rr / Ann / Th / Ed / Un
Cichorium endivia subsp. pumilum (Jacq.) Cout.2 / Compositae / ME, IT / Un / cc / Ann / Th / Md, Ed / Un
Cistanche phelypaea (L.) Cout.1, 2, 3 / Orobanchaceae / ME, SA / End / c / Per / Hc / Md, Ta / Sf, St, Sr, We
Cistanche salsa (C. A. Mey.) Beck1 / Orobanchaceae / IT / Un / Fc / Per / Hc / Un / We
Cleome amblyocarpa Barratte & Murb.1, 3 / Cleomaceae / ME, SA, SU / Un / cc / Ann / Th / Md, Fu, Ar, Ot / Sf, Sh, Wb, Sr
Clerodendrum acerbianum (Vis.) Benth. & Hook. f.2 / Verbenaceae / SU / Un / rr / Per / Ch / Ot / Un
Colchicum ritchii R. Br. 3 / Colchicaceae / SA / End / Fr / Per / Th / Md / Sf, Es, We
Convolvulus althaeoides L.3 / Convolvulaceae / ME / End / c / Per / Th / Gr, Md / Sf, Es
Convolvulus arvensis L.2, 3 / Convolvulaceae / TR / Un / cc / Per / Th / Gr, Md, Fu / Sf, Sh, Wb, Es, Re
Convolvulus lanatus Vahl1, 2, 3 / Convolvulaceae / SA / Un / cc / Per / Ch / Gr, Md, Fu / Sf, Es, Sh, Sr, Ot
Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist2, 3 / Compositae / COSM / Un / c / Ann / Th / Gr, Md, Fu / Sf
Coriandrum sativum L.2 / Umbelliferae / ME, IT / Un / Fc / Ann / Th / Md, Ed / Un
Cornulaca monacantha Delile1,3 / Chenopodiaceae / SA, SS, IT, IN / Un / Fc / Per / Ch / Gr, Md / St, Sf
Coronopus didymus (L.) Sm.2 / Brassicaceae / COSM / Un / rr / Ann / Th / Un / Un
Coronopus squamatus (Forssk.) Aschers.2 / Brassicaceae / ME, ES, IT / Un / Fc / Ann / Th / Un / Un
Cotula cinerea Delile1 / Compositae / SA / Un / cc / Ann / Th / Gr, Md, Fu / Sf
Cressa critica L.1, 2, 3 / Convolvulaceae / ME, IT, TR / Un / cc / Per / Hc / Md, Fu, Gr / Sf, St
Crucianella aegyptiaca L.3 / Rubiaceae / ME, SA / Un / c / Per / Th / Un / Sf
Crucianella maritima L.3 / Rubiaceae / ME / Un / c / Per / Ch / Md / Sf, St
Crucianella membranacea Boiss.1 / Rubiaceae / SA / Un / r / Ann / Th / Md / Un
Cutandia dichtoma (Forssk.) Trab. in Batt. & Trab.1, 2, 3 / Gramineae / IT, SA / Un / Fc / Ann / Th / Gr, Md / Sf
Cutandia memphitica (Spreng.) Benth.1, 2, 3 / Gramineae / ME, SA, IT / Un / cc / Ann / Th / Gr / Sf, Sr
Cymodocea nodosa (Ucria) Asch.1 / Cymodoceaceae / ME, ES / Un / Fc / Ann / Th / Un / Hyd
Cynanchum acutum L.2 / Asclepiadaceae / ME, IT / Un / cc / Per / Ph / Gr / Un
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.1, 2, 3 / Gramineae / COSM / Un / cc / Per / Gh / Gr, Md, Fu / Sf, Sh, Re, Sr
Cynomorium coccineum L.2 / Cynomoriaceae / ME, SA, IT / Thr / Fr / Per / Gh / Gr, Md, Ed / St, We
Cyperus alopecuroides Rottb.2 / Cyperaceae / TR / Un / cc / Per / Gh / Ot / Un
Cyperus articulatus L.2 / Cyperaceae / TR / Un / c / Per / Gh / Md, Ot / Un
Cyperus capitatus Vand.2 / Cyperaceae / ME, GC / Un / Fc / Per / Gh / Gr / Un
Cyperus conglomeratus Rottb.1,3 / Cyperaceae / SA, IT / Un / c / Per / Th / Gr, Md / Sf
Cyperus difformis L.2 / Cyperaceae / COSM / Un / c / Ann / Th / Gr / Un
Cyperus laevigatus L.1, 2 / Cyperaceae / ME, SA, IT / Un / cc / Per / Gh / Gr / Re, Ws
Cyperus rotundus L.2 / Cyperaceae / ME, IT, TR / Un / cc / Per / Gh / Gr, Md / Un
Dactylis glomerata L.3 / Gramineae / ME, IT, ES / Thr / Fc / Per / Th / Gr, Md / Sf, Sh, Re
Daucus littoralis var. littoralis Sm.1 / Umbelliferae / ME / Un / rr / Ann / Th / Gr, Md, Ot / Sr
Daucus syrticus Murb.3 / Umbelliferae / ME / Un / cc / Ann / Th / Gr / Sf
Deverra tortuosa (Desf.) DC.1, 3 / Umbelliferae / SA / Un / cc / Per / Ch / Gr, Md, Fu, Ar, Ed, Ot / Sf, Wb, Es, Ws, Re, Sr, Ot
Dipcadi erythraeum Webb. & Berthel1 / Liliaceae / SA / Un / c / Per / Gh / Un / St
Ebenus armitagei Schweinf. & Taub.3 / Leguminosae / ME (near endemic) / End / Fr / Per / Ch / Gr, Md / Sf, Sh, Wb
Echinochloa colona (L.) Link 2 / Gramineae / ME, IT, TR / Un / cc / Ann / Th / Gr / Un