Online Resource for: Kongsager at al. Addressing climate change mitigation and adaptation together: A global assessment of agriculture and forestry projects. Environmental Management.
1. Regional and subregional distribution of the projects
(C: Central, Car: Caribbean, E: East, N: North, Par: Pacific, S: South, SE: Southeast, W: West)
Region / Africa / Asia and Pacific / Latin America / TotalSub-region / All / N / W / C / E / S / All / W / S / SE / E / Pac / All / C / S / Car
Countries / 28 / 3 / 8 / 3 / 13 / 1 / 20 / 2 / 5 / 9 / 2 / 2 / 20 / 8 / 10 / 2 / 68
Projects / 81 / 7 / 18 / 7 / 45 / 4 / 52 / 2 / 18 / 19 / 7 / 6 / 68 / 21 / 43 / 4 / 201
Goals / Mitigation / 43 / 0 / 5 / 6 / 28 / 4 / 24 / 0 / 11 / 7 / 6 / 0 / 53 / 16 / 37 / 0 / 120
Adaptation / 38 / 7 / 13 / 1 / 17 / 0 / 28 / 2 / 7 / 12 / 1 / 6 / 15 / 5 / 6 / 4 / 81
Sectors / Agriculture / 28 / 3 / 11 / 1 / 13 / 0 / 16 / 2 / 3 / 9 / 1 / 1 / 6 / 1 / 3 / 2 / 50
Forestry / 33 / 0 / 4 / 3 / 22 / 4 / 25 / 0 / 8 / 6 / 6 / 5 / 47 / 14 / 33 / 0 / 105
Mixed / 20 / 4 / 3 / 3 / 10 / 0 / 11 / 0 / 7 / 4 / 0 / 0 / 15 / 6 / 7 / 2 / 46
Portfolios / AF / 10 / 2 / 3 / 0 / 5 / 0 / 3 / 0 / 0 / 3 / 0 / 0 / 6 / 2 / 3 / 1 / 19
CCB / 17 / 0 / 1 / 2 / 12 / 2 / 6 / 0 / 0 / 4 / 2 / 0 / 23 / 9 / 14 / 0 / 46
CDM / 10 / 0 / 2 / 3 / 5 / 0 / 14 / 0 / 7 / 2 / 5 / 0 / 17 / 1 / 16 / 0 / 41
CF / 1 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 2
GEF / 4 / 4 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 8 / 0 / 2 / 2 / 0 / 4 / 7 / 3 / 2 / 2 / 19
LCDF / 19 / 0 / 9 / 1 / 9 / 0 / 11 / 0 / 4 / 5 / 0 / 2 / 2 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 32
PV / 11 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 9 / 0 / 3 / 0 / 3 / 0 / 0 / 0 / 3 / 2 / 1 / 0 / 17
SCCF / 5 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 3 / 0 / 6 / 2 / 1 / 2 / 1 / 0 / 1 / 1 / 0 / 0 / 12
VCS / 8 / 0 / 1 / 0 / 4 / 3 / 3 / 0 / 1 / 2 / 0 / 0 / 15 / 3 / 12 / 0 / 26
2. Results of the analysis of variance
The dependent variable was the adaptation-mitigation integration in PDDs, measured by the degree of explicitness and substantiation of the contribution to the other goal (i.e. contribution to adaptation reported by a mitigation PDD or contribution to mitigation reported by an adaptation PDD) (“0” if not explicit; “1” explicit but not substantiated; “2” explicit and substantiated).
The independent variables were the primary goal (adaptation or mitigation), the sector (forestry, agriculture, or mixed), the portfolio, and the continent. As the variables for portfolio and primary goal were correlated, we used them separately.
We controlled first for effect of the length of PDDs because longer PDDs were likely to have a more explicit and substantiated contribution. For this, we transformed the dependent variable into the residuals resulting from a linear regression against document length (this regression resulted significant at p=0.008).
Using primary goal, sector and continent as independent variables, the analysis of variance showed that primary goal had a significant effect on adaptation-mitigation integration in PDDs (Table 1). Adaptation-mitigation integration was larger in mitigation PDDs than in adaptation PDDs (Figure 1).
Table 1. Results of the analysis of variance with primary goal, sector and location as independent variables (an asterisk identifies p values lower than 0.01)
Source Sum Sq. d.f. Mean Sq. F Prob>F
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X1(goal) 4.961 1 4.96099 7.95 0.0053 (*)
X2(sector) 2.366 2 1.18287 1.9 0.1529
X3(location) 1.605 2 0.80245 1.29 0.2786
Error 121.635 195 0.62377
Total 132.896 200
Figure 1. Comparison of adaptation-mitigation integration (in horizontal axis) between adaptation PDDs (X1=1 on the vertical axis) and mitigation PDDs (X1=2).
Using portfolio, sector and continent as independent variables, the analysis of variance showed that primary goal had a significant effect on adaptation-mitigation integration in PDDs (Table 2). Adaptation-mitigation integration was smaller in the CDM portfolio than in others (Figure 2), and larger in the CCB portfolio than in others (Figure 3). No other significant difference were found between PDDs within a portfolio and PDDs out of this portfolio.
Table 2. Results of the analysis of variance with portfolio, sector and location as independent variables (an asterisk identifies p values lower than 0.01)
Source Sum Sq. d.f. Mean Sq. F Prob>F
------
X1(portfolio) 36.584 9 4.06494 9.01 0 (*)
X2(sector) 2.296 2 1.14784 2.54 0.0814
X3(location) 1.49 2 0.74487 1.65 0.1948
Error 84.408 187 0.45138
Total 128.292 200
Figure 2. Comparison of adaptation-mitigation integration (in horizontal axis) between PDDs in the CDM portfolio (X1=1 on the vertical axis) and PDDs in other portfolios (X1=0). / Figure 3. Comparison of adaptation-mitigation integration (in horizontal axis) between PDDs in the CCB portfolio (X1=1 on the vertical axis) and PDDs in other portfolios (X1=0).
3. List of projects (284 projects in the database, P001-P201 were selected for the analysis)
(A) / Fund/ standard / Second standard (if any) / Country / Main sector / Number of pages in the project document(s)
P001 / Cambodia - Enhancing CC resilience of rural communities and living in protected areas of Cambodia / A / Adaptation Fund / Cambodia / Forestry and Agriculture / 169
P002 / Colombia - Reducing risk and vulnerability to climate change / A / Adaptation Fund / Colombia / Agriculture / 120
P003 / Djibouti - Developing agro-pastoral shade gardens as an adaptation strategy for poor rural communities / A / Adaptation Fund / Djibouti / Forestry and Agriculture / 134
P004 / Egypt - Building resilient food security systems to benefit the southern Egypt region / A / Adaptation Fund / Egypt / Agriculture / 258
P005 / Jamaica - Enhancing the resilience of the agriculture sector and coastal areas to protect livelihoods and improve food security / A / Adaptation Fund / Jamaica / Agriculture / 117
P006 / Lebanon - Climate smart agriculture enhancing adaptive capacity of the rural communities / A / Adaptation Fund / Lebanon / Agriculture / 82
P007 / Mauritania - Enhancing resilience of communities to the adverse effects of CC on food security / A / Adaptation Fund / Mauritania / Agriculture / 76
P008 / Papua New Guinea - Enhancing adaptive capacity of communities to CC related floods in the North Coast and Island regions / A / Adaptation Fund / Papua New Guinea / Agriculture / 104
P009 / Tanzania - Implementation of concrete adaptation measures to reduce vulnerability of livelihoods and economy of coastal communities / A / Adaptation Fund / Tanzania / Agriculture / 116
P010 / Uruguay - Building resilience to CC and variability in vulnerable smallholders / A / Adaptation Fund / Uruguay / Agriculture / 141
P011 / Madagascar - Promoting climate resilience in the rice sector through pilot investment in Alaotra-Mangoro region / A / Adaptation Fund / Madagascar / Agriculture / 98
P012 / Mauritius - CC adaptation programme in the coastal zone of Mauritius / A / Adaptation Fund / Mauritius / Forestry / 107
P013 / Ecuador - Enhancing of communities to the adverse effects of CC on food security / A / Adaptation Fund / Ecuador / Agriculture / 111
P014 / Eritrea - CC adaptation programme in water and agriculture / A / Adaptation Fund / Eritrea / Agriculture / 86
P015 / Solomon Islands - Enhancing resilience of communities to the adverse effects of CC in agriculture and food security / A / Adaptation Fund / Solomon Islands / Agriculture / 69
P016 / Senegal - Adaptation to coastal erosion in coastal areas / A / Adaptation Fund / Senegal / Agriculture / 53
P017 / Togo - Enhancing climate resilience of poor populations through sustainable management of degraded forest lands / A / Adaptation Fund / Togo / Forestry / 83
P018 / Guatemala - Climate change resilient production landscapes and socio-economic networks advanced / A / Adaptation Fund / Guatemala / Forestry / 135
P019 / Honduras - Climate Change Risks on Water Resources Urban Poor / A / Adaptation Fund / Honduras / Forestry and Agriculture / 49
P020 / Guatemala - Las Primaveras Fronterizas de Bosque Verde / A / GEF / Guatemala / Forestry and Agriculture / 33
P021 / Guatemala - Recuperación de suelo con aboneras orgánicas, producción agrícola y estructuras de conservación de suelos / A / GEF / Guatemala / Forestry and Agriculture / 31
P022 / Vietnam - Developing a community model in applying technologies to reduce / A / GEF / Vietnam / Agriculture / 22
P023 / Vietnam - Building community models to adapt to climate change through conservation and sustainable use of natural resources / A / GEF / Vietnam / Forestry and Agriculture / 25
P024 / Samoa - Community-based adaptation against flooding and sea level rise / A / GEF / Samoa / Forestry / 27
P025 / Samoa - Reduce Impacts of Climate Change Driven erosion through protection and conservation of Mangroves, eco-systems, and Coral Reefs / A / GEF / Samoa / Forestry / 46
P026 / Samoa - Community Based Adaptation for Lelepa Village / A / GEF / Samoa / Forestry / 25
P027 / Samoa - Community-based adaptation against flooding and sea level rise / A / GEF / Samoa / Forestry / 29
P028 / Morocco - Land and Water Protection, Conservation Farming and Climate Risk Management in El Mouddaa / A / GEF / Morocco / Forestry and Agriculture / 46
P029 / Morocco - Vetiver Grass and Conservation Farming in Sidi Majbeur / A / GEF / Morocco / Forestry and Agriculture / 42
P030 / Morocco - Agroforestry and Soil Water Conservation in the Boumaad Community / A / GEF / Morocco / Forestry and Agriculture / 63
P031 / Morocco - Resiliency through Sustainable Farming Forestry Strategies in Azilal Province / A / GEF / Morocco / Forestry and Agriculture / 77
P032 / Jamaica - Glengoffe Climate Change Adaptation Project / A / GEF / Jamaica / Forestry and Agriculture / 34
P033 / Jamaica - Sustainable Agriculture for Safer Slopes / A / GEF / Jamaica / Forestry and Agriculture / 16
P034 / Bolivia - Water Source Protection and Soil Conservation through Reforestation in Batallas / A / GEF / Bolivia / Forestry / 30
P035 / Bolivia - Sustainable Management of the Cherimoya Crop for Climate Change Adaptation in Saipina / A / GEF / Bolivia / Forestry and Agriculture / 15
P036 / Bangladesh - Community based wetland management project / A / GEF / Bangladesh / Forestry and Agriculture / 16
P037 / Bangladesh - Piloting of some climate-resilient development initiatives atChar Kazal, Galachipa, Patuakhali / A / GEF / Bangladesh / Forestry and Agriculture / 21
P038 / Bangladesh - Community based adaptation to CC through coastal afforestation / A / LDCF / Bangladesh / Forestry / 107
P039 / Angola - Integrating Climate Change into Environment and Sustainable Land Management Practices / A / LDCF / Angola / Forestry and Agriculture / 16
P040 / Burkina Faso - Reducing vulnerability of natural resource dependent livelihoods in two landscapes / A / LDCF / Burkina Faso / Forestry / 34
P041 / Bangladesh - Integrating Community-based Adaptation into Afforestation and Reforestation Programmes in Bangladesh / A / LDCF / Bangladesh / Forestry and Agriculture / 19
P042 / Afghanistan - Building adaptive capacity and resilience to climate change in Afghanistan / A / LDCF / Afghanistan / Agriculture / 261
P043 / Niger - Integrating Climate Resilience into Agricultural and Pastoral Production for Food Security in Vulnerable Rural Areas through the Farmers Field School Approach / A / LDCF / Niger / Agriculture / 17
P044 / Burundi - Enhancing Climate Risk Management and Adaptation in Burundi / A / LDCF / Burundi / Agriculture / 57
P045 / Burundi - Community disaster risk management in Burundi / A / LDCF / Burundi / Agriculture / 23
P046 / Cambodia - Building Capacities to Integrate Water Resources Planning in Agricultural Development / A / LDCF / Cambodia / Agriculture / 16
P047 / Central African Rep. - Integrated Adaptation Programme to Combat the Effects of Climate Change on Agricultural Production and Food Security in Central African Republic / A / LDCF / Central African Rep. / Agriculture / 20
P048 / Cambodia - Adaptation to Climate Impacts in Water Regulation and Supply for the Area of Chingaza / A / LDCF / Cambodia / Forestry and Agriculture / 126
P049 / Comoros / A / LDCF / Comoros / Forestry and Agriculture / 357
P050 / Djibouti - Implementing NAPA priority interventions to
build resilience in the most vulnerable coastal zones in Djibouti / A / LDCF / Djibouti / Agriculture / 120
P051 / Djibouti - Implementing adaptation technologies in fragile ecosystems of Djibouti's Central
Plains / A / LDCF / Djibouti / Forestry and Agriculture / 24
P052 / Ethiopia - Promoting autonomous adaptation at the community level in Ethiopia
Delta through Integrated Coastal Zone Management / A / LDCF / Ethiopia / Agriculture / 49
P053 / Gambia - Enhancing Resilience of Vulnerable Coastal Areas and Communities to Climate Change / A / LDCF / Gambia / Agriculture / 97
P054 / Haiti / A / LDCF / Haiti / Agriculture / 128
P055 / Kiribati - Increasing resilience to climate variability and hazards / A / LDCF / Kiribati / Agriculture / 86
P056 / Lao PDR - Improving the Resilience of the Agriculture Sector in Lao PDR to Climate Change Impacts / A / LDCF / Lao PDR / Agriculture / 100
P057 / Lao PDR - Effective Governance for small-scale rural infrastructure and disaster preparedness in a changing
climate / A / LDCF / Lao PDR / Agriculture / 131