EnglishforComputerScienceEngineering Midterm Examination –Spring 2009

Name: 陈春露 Student No.: 2014329620071

Equivalents

1- Provide Persian equivalents for the following terms (30):

State of the art / the highest degree of development of an art or technique at a particular time / Volatile / tending to vary often or widely
Slate / plan / Frustration / upset
Dominant / most frequent or common / Obsolete / disused
Redeem / pay off / Alter / cause to change
Glimpse / a quick look / Proprietary / Ownership
Hassle / Difficulty / Deduction / the act of reducing the selling price of merchandise
Enthusiastic / having or showing great excitement and interest / Emit / give off, send forth, or discharge
Vehicle / a conveyance that transports people or objects / Merchandise / commodities offered for sale
Resemble / appear like / Endeavor / earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something
Nucleus / the central structure of the lens that is surrounded by the cortex / Throughput / output relative to input
Versatile / able to move freely in all directions / Commonplace / completely ordinary and unremarkable
Negotiate / discuss the terms of an arrangement / Incentive / a positive motivational influence
Proponent / a person who pleads for a cause or propounds an idea / Spawn / When fish or animals such as frogs spawn, they lay their eggs
Analogous / corresponding in function but not in evolutionary origin / Transcribe / rewrite in a different script
Etiquette / rules governing socially acceptable behavior / Flicker / shines unsteadily

2- Read the text and answer the questions1 (30):

Language / Developed / Function / Characteristic
FORTRAN / 1954 / Solving scientific and mathematical problems / It Consists of algebraic formulate and English phrases
COBOL / 1959 / Using English
Statements,deal with problems that do not involve a lot of mathematical calculations / Commercial purposes
ALGOL / 1960 / Mathematical and scientific purposes / \
PL/1 / 1964 / Data processing as well as scientific applications / Combines features of COBOL and ALGOL
BASIC / 1965 / Use by students / A simple language to begin programming
C / 1970s / To support Unix operating system / Highly portable general-purpose language
APL / 1962 / Artificial intelligence / \
LISP / \ / Use for work in AI / \
PROLOG / \ / Use to develop computer-based training packages / Is a development of LISP
PASCAL / 1971 / Artificial intelligence / \

答：1、50

2、60

3、8

4、58

5、64

答：

  1. Computers
  2. A source program
  3. A program written in these high-level languages
  4. Institutions
  5. An application program
  6. A compiler
  7. The computer’s operating system
  8. The linkage Editor
  9. Software package
  10. Machine language

答：

  1. transformed into
  2. Be designed to do
  3. Fetch
  4. Conform to
  5. Correspond to

Word Forms

3- Fill in the blanks with the words provided; some words may be used more than once (15):

答：

  1. a、Instructor(辅导员) b、instructed c、instruction
  2. a、compiler（编译器） b、compile c、compiled
  3. a、resulting b、results
  4. a、specific（齐全的） b、specific c、specification
  5. a、Connection b、connected c、connection d、connected

TRANSLATION

4- Translate the following passages into Persian (35):

•Computer technology is having a profound effect on physically challenged people. With the aid of computers, they are now better prepared to take control of their environments. A little over a decade ago, Nan Davis stunned the world. A paraplegic since an automobile accident on the night of her high school graduation, she walked to the podium to receive her college diploma –with the help of a rehabilitative tool that uses FES, or Functional Electrical Stimulation.

翻译：计算机技术对那些受挑战的人产生了深远的影响。在计算机的帮助下，他们现在可以更好地控制自己的环境了。十多年前，Nan Davis震惊了全世界。因为在她高中毕业的晚上一场车祸高位截瘫，她走到讲台上接受她的大学文凭–与康复工具使用FES的帮助，或功能性电刺激。

•Most Existing graphics adapters have their own RAM, called video RAM or VRAM, where they prepare monitor-bound images for display. The size of the video RAM is important in that it determines the number of possible colors and resolution of the display, as well as the speed at which signals can be sent to the monitor. A minimum of two megabytes of video RAM is recommended to accommodate the complexities of modern graphics-based software.

翻译：大多数现有的图形适配器都有自己的内存，称为视频内存或显存，在那里他们会准备监控图像的显示。视频ram的大小非常重要，因为它决定了显示器的可能颜色和分辨率，以及信号可以发送到监视器的速度。为了适应现代图形化软件的复杂性，推荐使用至少两兆字节的显存。

•The power of a PC may not be related to its size. A few laptop PCs can run circles around some tower PCs. Some user conveniences, however, should be sacrificed to achieve portability. For instance, input devices, such as keyboards and point-anddraw devices, are given less space in portable PCs and may be more cumbersome to use.

翻译：PC的功率可能与它的大小无关。一些笔记本电脑可以绕着一些塔运行。不过，为了实现便携性，应该牺牲一些用户的便利。例如，输入设备，如键盘和点和设备，在便携式个人电脑给更少的空间和可能的使用较为繁琐

•Optical technology opens the door to new and exciting applications. Already this technology is leading the way to the library of the future. Because the world’s output of knowledge is doubling every four years, the typical library is bursting at the seams with books and other printed materials. With library budgets declining, it may be impractical to continue to build structures to warehouse printed materials.

翻译：光学技术打开了新的和令人兴奋的应用程序的大门。这项技术已经引领了通往未来图书馆的道路。由于世界的知识产出每四年翻一番，典型的图书馆充斥着书籍和其他印刷品。随着图书馆预算的减少，继续建造仓库印刷材料的结构可能是不切实际的。

•Not too long ago, people who pursued careers in almost any facet of business, education, or government were content to leave computers to computer professionals. Today these people are knowledge workers. In less than a generation, information technology competency has emerged in virtually any career from a nice to-have skill to a job-critical skill.

翻译：不久前，从事商业、教育或政府几乎所有方面的事业的人都乐意把计算机留给计算机专业人员。如今这些人都是知识工作者。在不到一代人，信息技术能力已经出现在几乎所有的职业生涯从一个很高兴有能力工作的关键技能。

•During face-to-face conversations, we use vocal inflections or body movements that clarify words or phrases. E-mail is just words, leaving the door open for misinterpretation of our intended message. Anyone composing e-mail should be aware that it’s electronic and could be easily forwarded, printed, and even broadcast to others. Broadcasting sensitive information could be very embarrassing to you and to others.

翻译：在面对面的交谈，我们用声音变化或身体动作，明确的词或短语。电子邮件只不过是一句话，为我们误解了我们的本意。任何撰写电子邮件的人都应该意识到它是电子的，可以很容易地转发、打印甚至广播给其他人。广播敏感信息可能使你和他人感到尴尬。

•To a large extent, the explosion of information made available over the Internet can be attributed to the fact that word processing software lets users save documents in a format compatible with transmission over the Interne’s World Wide Web. Now, anyone with word processing skills can contribute to the wealth of information on the Internet. What you see in a word processing document is essentially what you would see when viewing it as a Web page on an Internet browser.

翻译：在很大程度上，互联网上的信息爆炸可以归因于这样一个事实，即文字处理软件允许用户以与因特网万维网传输兼容的格式保存文档。现在，任何有文字处理技能的人都有助于互联网上丰富的信息。你在文字处理文档中看到的本质上就是你在因特网浏览器上查看它作为网页时所看到的东西