1) In which portion of the cardiovascular system does the majority of the blood stay?
a. the heartb. the arteriesc. the capillariesd. the veins
2) The circulatory pathway containing two consecutive capillaries are called ___.
a. arteriovenous anastomosisb. portal systemc. arterial anastomosis
3) Blood vessels are involved in all of the following activities except ____.
a. converting intermittent blood flow into continuous flowb. redistributing blood from one organ to another c. maintaining a normal arterial blood pressure d. destroying aged red blood cells
4) If a person’s systolic and diastolic arterial pressure are 100 mmHg and 70 mmHg, respectively, what is the mean arterial pressure?
a. 85 mmHgb. 80 mmHgc. 75 mmHgd. 90 mmHg
5) Where does the blood pressure fluctuate significantly?
a. arteries b. capillaries c. small veins d. all of a, b, and c
6) The peripheral resistance against blood flow increases if ___.
a. hematocrit increasesb. blood vessel length decreasesc. arterial diameter increases
7) Blood flow increases if ____. (hint: considering the relationship among flow, pressure, and resistance).
a. hematocrit increasesb. blood vessel length increasesc. arterial diameter increases d. blood pressure decreases
8) By adjusting ____, blood flow to a organ can be regulated quickly.
a. blood viscosityb. blood vessel lengthc. blood vessel diameter
9) The capillaries open ___.
a. all the time b. intermittentlyc. when precapillary sphincters contract
10) Capillary wall is usually not permeable to ____.
a. glucoseb. NaClc. waterd. proteins
11) Plasma components penetrate capillary wall through the following routes except ___.
a. intercellular cleftb. intercalated discsc. fenestrationd. endothelial cell body
12) Mechanisms for capillary exchange include all except ____.
a. diffusionb. filtrationc. transmissiond. transcytosis
13) An increase in interstitial oncotic pressure would increase ___ across capillary wall. (Hint: Filtration refers to fluid movement out of the capillary)
a. filtrationb. reabsorption c. transcytosis d. transmission
14) A decrease in plasma protein content would increase ____.
a. filtrationb. reabsorption c. diffusiond. transmission
15) Plasma is a ___.
a. colloid b. solutionc. suspension
16) Under what condition, can solute A generate osmotic pressure?
a. The membrane separating the two compartments is permeable to both solute A and water
b. The membrane separating the two compartments is permeable to solute A but not to water
c. The membrane separating the two compartments is permeable to water but not to solute A
17) Under osmotic pressure, water flows from one compartment to another compartment that contains ___ solutes.
a. moreb. lessc. equal number of
18) ___ happens at the arterial end of capillary; ___ happens at the venous end.
a. Filtration/reabsorptionb. Reabsorption/filtrationc. Filtration/filtration
d. Reabsorption/reabsorption
19) With the aid of venous valves, skeletal muscle contraction __ venous blood return to the heart; exspiration ___ venous blood return.
a. increases/increasesb. increases/decreasesc. decreases/increases d. decreases/decreases
20) If mean arterial pressure decreases, the compensatory responses would include ____.
a. an increase in heart rateb. peripheral vasodilationc. a decrease in cardiac contractility
21) An increased sympathetic nervous activity would more likely cause ___.
a. cerebral vasoconstrictionb. peripheral vasodilationc. peripheral vasoconstriction
22) Sympathetic nerves innervate ___ blood vessels ___ parasympathetic nerves.
a. as many/asb. more/thanc. less/than
23) Which receptor is the least likely involved in the compensatory responses to a sudden drop of mean arterial pressure?
a. baroreceptorsb. chemoreceptorsc. proprioceptors
24) Which hormone would most likely cause vasodilation?
a. norepinepherineb. angiotensin IIc. vasopressin d. atrial natriuretic peptide
25) Renin is produced by ____.
a. pituitary glandb. adrenal glandc. kidneysd. hypothalamus
26) Renin has the following direct effect of ___.
a. converting angiotensinogen to angiotensin Ib. converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II c. stimulating thirst d. stimulating aldosterone secretion
27) Vasopressin is secreted from ___.
a. posterior pituitaryb. kidneysc. adrenal glandd. lungs
28) Accumulation of metabolic products in the tissue fluid would intend to cause ___ of the local arterioles.
a. vasoconstriction b. vasodilationc. contraction of precapillary sphincters
29) As the myogenic response, a sudden increase in the pressure inside a small artery would trigger ____ of this artery.
a. dilationb. constrictionc. neither dilation nor constriction
30) The brain receives blood supply from ___.
a. internal carotid arteries onlyb. vertebral arteries onlyc. both internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries
31) Cerebral blood flow ___ change very much when mean arterial pressure fluctuate within the range of 60 mmHg to 160 mmHg.
a. doesb. does not
32) Low oxygen content in the lungs causes pulmonary ____.
a. vasoconstrictionb. vasodilationc. neither vasodilation nor vasoconstriction
KEY
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