SI Tuesday September 29, 2009

Joints and Movement

Exercises:

1. Identify the functionaland structural classification of the following articulations:

Functional ClassificationStructural Classification

Occipito-Parietal

Synarthrosis (no movement)Suture / Fibrous

T1 Body – T2 Body

Amphiarthrosis (some movement)Symphysis / Cartilaginous

Claviculo-Sternal

Darthrosis (free movement)Synovial

Diaphysis – Epiphyses

(during childhood)

Synarthrosis (no movement)Synchondrosis / Cartilaginous

Diaphysis – Epiphyses

(during adulthood)

Synarthrosis (no movement)Synostosis / Bony

L. Pubic Bone – R. Pubic Bone

Amphiarthrosis (some movement)Symphysis / Cartilaginous

Gleno-Humeral

Darthrosis (free movement)Synovial

Coxal Joint

Darthrosis (free movement)Synovial

Temporal – Sphenoid

Synarthrosis (no movement)Suture / Fibrous

Fibular – Tibial

Amphiarthrosis (some movement)Syndesmosis / Fibrous

Proximal Radio-Ulnar Joint

Darthrosis (free movement)Synovial

STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION KEY:

Bony = Synostosis;

Fibrous = Suture or Syndesmosis

Cartilaginous = Synchondrosis or Symphysis

Synovial = Diarthrosis

Simon Says!: Explore the following movements (slides 128-137) Start becoming familiar with which joints these occur at respectively, and practice identifying the bones articulating at the joint in motion. By the end of the week we will be able to include the name of the muscle(s) generating these movements.

Anatomy Identification: Identify the following structures on the images in your text / displayed during SI:

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SI Tuesday September 29, 2009

Joints and Movement

Acetabulum

Transverse ligament

Ligamentum teres

Menisci (medial and lateral)

Patellar ligament

Popliteal ligament

Anterior cruciate ligament

Posterior cruciate ligament

Tibial (medial) collateral ligament

Fibular (lateral) collateral ligament

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SI Tuesday September 29, 2009

Joints and Movement

3. Describe the basic components of a synovial (diarthrotic) joint.

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SI Tuesday September 29, 2009

Joints and Movement

Articular Capsule

Composed of ligamentous structures that encapsulate the joint/synovial cavity

Synovial Membrane

Lines the inside of the articular capsule. Composed of an loose areolar connective tissue with an incomplete epithelial lining. Responsible for the synthesis and reabsorption of synovial fluid

Articular Cartilage

Hyaline cartilage lining the surface of bone that is exposed to the joint capsule. NO PERICHONDRIUM allows for a slippery interface with other bones due to lubrication by synovial fluid

Synovial Fluid

Manufactured by fibroblasts in the synovial membrane. Consists of proteoglycans that give a molasses-like consistency. Three general functions:

  1. Distribute nutrients/wastes to and from articular cartilage
  2. Lubrication of articular surfaces
  3. Shock absorption

Cartilage

Fibrocartilage pads within the articular cavity that cushion articulating bones, especially at weight bearing joints. (example: menisci in the knee)

Fat Pads

Pockets of adipose tissue located outside of articular capsule that protect articular cartilage and fill in spaces that transiently form as the joint changes shape during movement.

Ligaments

Dense regular CT attaching bones to bone. Can be within the joint cavity (ACL, transverse acetabular), outside the joint cavity (MCL, LCL) or a part of the joint cavity. Ligaments are an essential strengthening/stabilizing feature of joints.

Tendons

Dense regular CT attachingmuscles to bones. In many cases, tendons help stabilize the joint (think of the rotator cuff muscles at the gleno-humeral joint).

Bursae

Pockets of synovial fluid positioned between surfaces that might otherwise generate friction during repetitive motion as the rub across each other. Examples: between tendon/bone or tendon/ligament.

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SI Tuesday September 29, 2009

Joints and Movement

Multiple Choice Practice

Articular Cartilage differs from the hyaline costal cartilage in the ribcage because:

A. Articular cartilage does not have a perichondrium

B. Articular cartilage is a type of fibrous cartilage

C. Articular cartilage is vascularized

D. Articular cartilage is a type of elastic cartilage

Which of the following structures is contained within the synovial capsule of the knee?

  1. Medial Collateral Ligament
  2. Posterior Cruciate Ligament
  3. Popliteal Ligament
  4. Patellar Ligament

What type of bone growth occurs normally in adults, especially in response to weight bearing exercise?

  1. Endochondral
  2. Intramembranous
  3. Appositional
  4. Osteoporotic

As stability at a joint______, mobility of the joint tends to______.

  1. Increases, Increase
  2. Increases, Decrease
  3. Decreases, Decrease

An example of a amphiarthrotic joint would be:

  1. The Gleno-Humerol joint
  2. The Pubic Symphysis
  3. The Patellar – Femoral joint
  4. The Clavicular – Sternal Joint

Shoulder pain that results from the tendon of the supraspinatus muscle rubbing over the coraco-acromial ligament and the deltoid muscle might be classified as a type of:

  1. Bursitis
  2. Sprain
  3. Subluxation
  4. Osteoarthritis

Which of the following attaches directly to the transverse acetabular ligament?

  1. The femoral head
  2. The ligament of the femoral head
  3. The pubofemoral ligament
  4. The ishciofemoral ligament

Which of the following is a ball and socket joint?

  1. The ulnar – humeral joint
  2. The atlas axis joint
  3. The coxal joint
  4. The tibia – tarsal joint

What is the type of movement that increases the angle between the anterior surfaces of the arm and forearm?

  1. Extension
  2. Flexion
  3. Circumduction
  4. Pronation

As a consequence of epiphyseal closure, ______joints become ______joints.

  1. Diarthrotic; Synarthrotic
  2. Amphiarthrotic; Synarthrotic
  3. Sychondrotic; Synostotic
  4. Syndesmotic; Sutured

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SI Tuesday September 29, 2009

Joints and Movement

The following structure is especially important for the man pictured to the right:

  1. Dens of the Axis
  2. Lateral Meniscus Cartilage!
  3. Transverse Acetabular Ligament
  4. Intrapatellar Bursae

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