Supplemental Instruction
Iowa State University / Leader: / Maura & Tyler
Course: / Bio 256
Instructor: / Dr. Haen, Dr. Saldhana
Date: / 2/5/18
1.) Fill in the missing boxes.
Molecule / Normal RangeArterial pH
Bicarbonate
135-145 mEq/L
Calcium
17.2-22.0 mL/100mL
12-35 mg/100mL
Amino Acids
6.5-8 g/100mL
Total Lipids
Glucose
2.) What are the purposes of positive and negative feedback mechanisms? Give one example of each.
3.) Describe the 8 necessary life functions.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
4.) Describe the 5 essential survival needs.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
5.) Match each of the following definitions to one of the pictures below. There are no repeats.
Blood plasma and interstitial fluid ____
Fluid between the cells in your tissues, but not in blood ____
Fluid in the cells, but not around the cells ____
All fluid in and between cells and tissues ____
Fluid in blood, but not in blood cells ____
6.) Which of the following is not an inorganic molecule?
a. Water
b. Lipids
c. Salts
d. Acids
e. O2
7.) Bases release ______in water; acids release ______in water.
8.) Match the following:
Acidic pH = 7
Basic (alkaline) pH < 7
Neutral pH > 7
9.) What does a buffer do?
10.) A molecule that is a mirror image of another, having a key functional group oriented in a different direction, is called a ______of the other.
11.) What forms do humans and plants store glucose as?
12.) How many double bonds do the following fatty acids have?
a. Monounsaturated:
b. Polyunsaturated:
c. Saturated:
13.) Define each of the structural levels of proteins.
14.) When DNA polymerase creates a copy of the DNA, it makes RNA. This process is called ______. After that, the strand of RNA creates a protein strand. This process is called ______. The entire process of going from DNA to RNA to Protein is called the ______.
15.) The enzyme involved in transcription is ______. Whereas the enzyme involved in DNA replication is ______.
a. Helicase; RNA polymerase
b. DNA polymerase; RNA polymerase
c. DNA polymerase; helicase
d. RNA polymerase; DNA polymerase
16.) Name the five nitrogenous bases and correctly pair them.
17.) Name the three types of RNA and describe their main functions.
18.) Using the Genetic Code Table below, change this strand of DNA into a protein.
3’ GGC TAC TTG GAC CCA AAG TAG TCA ACT TGA CAA CCC 5’
19.) Transcribe the following DNA antisense sequence:
3’ ATG GGA CAG GGG AAC CAT TTA 5’
20.) The location of protein synthesis explains a lot about the function of the protein. For each of the following locations a protein is created, where would the destination of the proteins likely be?
a. In the cytosol:
b. In the rough endoplasmic reticulum:
21.) How do cells know where to send proteins?
a. The nucleus tells the proteins where to go.
b. The information is held within the protein leader sequence
c. Carrier proteins lead the newly synthesized proteins to their destinations.
d. The proteins freely float in the cytosol until they are needed.
22.) What is splicing, what sections are kept, and what sections are discarded?
23.) What is a polyribosome? Why would a cell contain polyribosomes?
24.) By coupling a reaction, an ______reaction allows an ______reaction to become spontaneous. This is caused by the release of ____ as usable _____.
25.) Describe the two models of the relationship between enzymes and substrates. Which is the most accurate model?
26.) How can multiple diseases appear from the same metabolic pathway?
27.) Molecules that have lost electrons have been ______. Molecules that have gained electrons have been ______.
28.) Create an arrow diagram that shows the transformation of glucose to ATP. Place the products before and after the arrows, and the reaction name above the arrow. Include the amounts of ATP, NADH, FADH2, and CO2 made. *Note: pay attention to how many are made PER CYCLE
29.) In the electron transport chain/oxidative phosphorylation, ______ATP are produced. This is a result of ______NADH molecule(s) producing ______ATP and ______FADH2 molecule(s) producing ______ATP.
30.) Where do each of the following reactions take place?
a. Glycolysis
b. Transition reaction:
c. Kreb’s Cycle:
d. Electron transport chain:
e. Cori Cycle:
31.) What type of energy storage provides the greatest amount of energy?
a. Glucose
b. Fat
c. Ketones
d. Lactic Acid
32.) The brain uses ______for energy, while the skeletal muscles prefer ______. The liver and heart are capable of using ______as energy, unlike the brain and skeletal muscles.
33.) Describe each of the following:
a. Facilitated diffusion:
b. Simple diffusion:
c. Active transport:
34.) The movement of water across the membrane is titled ______.
35.) What will happen to a cell placed in a hypotonic solution? Hypertonic solution?