PEP BIOLOGY
2009 – 2010
Mrs. Lamberti
AUGUST
24 – Ch. 13.1 Read
1. Explain the ideas and contributions of the (a) Hebrews, (b) Greeks, and
(c) Romans to science.
2. Explain the contributions of (a ) Nestorian Christians, (b) Muslims, and (c) Jews to
medieval science.
DEFINE: evolution, materialism, natural history, naturalism, spontaneous generation
25 – Ch. 13.2 Read
In a paragraph, explain why English Puritans and French Hugenots and Jansenists
were so prominent in the advancement of seventeenth-century science.
26 – Ch. 13.2
1. Describe the achievements of such naturalists as (a) Brunfels, (b) Fuchs, and
(c) Gesner in botany and zoology.
2. Describe the contributions of (a) Andreas Vesalius and (b) William Harvey to human
anatomy and physiology.
3. Describe the beginnings of microscopy and micro-biology through the researches of
(a) Robert Hooke and (b) Anton van Leeuwenjoek.
4. Describe the cell principle.
5. Who is “the father of chemistry”?
6. Who is “the father of physics”?
DEFINE:anatomy, botany, cell, physiology, zoology
27 – Ch. 13.3 Read
28 – Ch. 13.3
1. Explain the Biblical presuppositions upon which modern science is based.
2. Explain the nature of scientific law.
3. Explain the inability of science to answer questions about spiritual realities or
ultimate origins.
4. Describe the steps in the research method.
DEFINE: abiogenesis, control group, controlled experiment, hypothesis, law of
biogenesis, replication, scientific law, scientism, theory, variable factor.
SEPTEMBER
1 – Read Ch. 5.1
1. What was the major contribution of Carolul Linnaeus?
2. Identify the five kingdoms and the general description of each.
3. What are the seven categories of the classification system from most general to
most specific?
4. Explain how a scientific name is assigned to an organism.
DEFINE: binomial nomenclature, taxonomy.
2 – Read 1.1
Explain the origin of the word biology.
DEFINE: biology, habitat, organism, producer
3 – Read 1.2
1. Compare and contrast the taproot system and fibrous root systems.
2. Identify the three basic leaf shapes.
3. Identify the three categories of leaf margins.
DEFINE: blade, compound leaf, herbaceous plant, leaflet, midrib, stem,
vegetative reproduction, vine, woody plant.
Studyfor a quiz! (HINT: pay close attention to definitions and shapes!)
See you on September 4th!
Mrs. Lamberti
September
4 – Quiz. Prepare Lab notebooks.
Obtain e-mail information. ?—students with microscopes at home.
Overview of Evolution vs, Creation. How the coloring book homework
works. Review of the syllabus. Choosing of the lab partners.
PEP Lab: Leaves – Their Shapes and Margins
7 – Labor Day, NO homework. (YEAH!!)
8 – Read 1.3
1. List several plants from each of the following families: composite, rose, mustard,
nightshade, mint, parsley, cashew, lily, and pea.
2. List several plants that are dicots and several that are monocots.
3. Identify four differences between dicots and monocots.
4. Describe the structure of a composite flower.
DEFINE: angiosperm, annual, biennial, bilateral symmetry, denitrifying bacteria,
legume, nitrates, perennial, radial symmetry, nitrogen-fixing bacteria,
nitrogen cycle.
9 – Read 1.4
1. Are grasses monocot or dicot? How can you tell?
2. Compare and contrast sedges and grasses.
3. Compare and contrast the two types of sap in grasses.
DEFINE: cereals, forage grasses, graminoids, grain, prairie, stolon, sheath, steppe,
savanna, sap, turf grass, woody grasses
10 – Chapter Review
1. Identify how land plants may be grouped according to the size and shape of the stem.
2. Identify three types of grasslands.
3. Identify the three most important cereal crops.
4. Identify the two main types of root systems.
5. Explain the purpose of flowers.
6. Explain the purpose of leaves.
7. Explain the purpose of stems.
8. Explain the purpose of roots.
**EACH STUDENT should collect TWO DIFFERENT examples of flowers for class.
11 – Quiz.
PEP Lab: Botanical Identification (flowers) and Taproots vs Fibrous Roots
14 – Read 1.5
1. Why are broadleafed trees referred to as hardwoods?
2. What is the difference between a deciduous tree and an evergreen tree?
3. What group of trees is known for thin, smooth bark that peels off in layers?
4. Name two trees that produce flowers.
5. To which family does the tulip tree belong?
6. Which group of trees grows in damp areas?
7. What are two types of trees, in addition to willows, that are members of the
willow family?
DEFINE: crown, deciduous, evergreen, samara
15 – Read 2.1
1. Compare and contrast opposite, alternate, whorled and rosette leaf arrangements.
2. Compare and contrast simple and compound leaves.
DEFINE: blade, leaflet, margin, midrib, node, organ, petiole, phototropism, root
system, sessile leaf, shoot system, vein
16 – Read 2.2, pgs. 34 – 37
Compare and contrast parallel, pinnate, and palmate venation.
DEFINE: cambium tissue, cork tissue, cuticle, epidermis, guard cells, meristematic
tissue, mesophyll, parenchyma tissue, phloem, stomata, tissue, transpiration,
vascular tissue, xylem
17 – Read 2.2, pgs. 38 – 40
Identify: (a) the three main parts of every cell,
(b) the purpose of the cell membrane,
(c) the purpose of cell walls,
(d) the tissue that forms the majority of the leaf
DEFINE: cellulose, chlorophyll, chloroplast, cytoplasm, nucleus, organelles,
vacuole
BioCB 31 Plant Cell
18 – Quiz.
PEP Lab: Leaves and Leaf Patterns.
21 – Read. 2.3
1. Write a complete summary of photosynthesis. Explain the requirements for
photosynthesis and how they are supplied, the actual process of photosynthesis, and
the products of photosynthesis. Include the chemical equation for photosynthesis.
2. In what form is glucose usually transported throughout a plant?
3. In what form do plants store excess glucose?
4. Explain the process of cellular respiration.
22 – Read 2.4
1. Explain the wilting of leaves and its causes.
2. Explain how guard cells open and close the stomata.
3. List the names of colors of three common leaf pigments normally hidden by
chlorophyll.
4. What are some of the factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis?
DEFINE: abscission layer, insectivorous plants, spines, tendrils, turgid, turgor pressure.
23 – Read 3.1
1. Compare and contrast complete and incomplete flowers.
2. Compare and contrast staminate and pistillate flowers.
3. What is the primary purpose of a flower to a plant?
24 – 3.1
Explain the structure and function of each of the four main flower parts.
DEFINE: bract, corolla, day-neutral plant, flower, inflorescence, long-day plant,
monoecious, pedicel, photoperiodism, receptacle, short-day plant.
25 – Quiz.
PEP Lab: Flower Dissection and Seed Sprouting (Preparation)
28 – Read 3.2
1. Compare and contrast cross-pollination and self-pollination.
2. Distinguish between pollination and fertilization and tell how each is involved in the
reproduction of flowering plants.
3. How are fruits and seeds formed?
DEFINE: endosperm, gamete, histamine, hormone, horticulture, nectar, pollen index,
pollen tube, ripen, sexual reproduction.
29 – Read 3.3
1. Compare and contrast simple fruits, aggregate fruits, and multiple fruits.
2. Give an example of: tropical multiple fruit, a temperate pome, a subtropical berry,
an aggregate fruit, a subtropical drupe, a temperate berry, a temperate drupe, and a
tropical drupe.
3. Identify mechanical dispersal, agent dispersal, and two other forms of seed dispersal.
Give an example of each.
DEFINE: achene, bran, cereal grain, dry fruit, endosperm, fleshy fruit, (wheat) germ,
gluten, husk, stone.
30 – Read 3.4
1. Describe the structure of a seed and an embryo.
2. Compare and contrast monocots and dicots.
DEFINE: chemurgy, cotyledon, diastase, dormancy, endosperm, germination, hilum,
plumule, radicle, seed coat, viability.
OCTOBER
1 – Read 4.1
1. Describe how the branching pattern of plants is determined.
2. If you carved your initials on a tree trunk and came back to look at them many years
later where would find your initials. Explain why.
DEFINE: bundle scars, internode, leaf scars, lenticels, node, primary growth, tropism.
**EACH STUDENT should collect 2 TYPES OF STEMS for class AND bring in their
seedling.
2 – Quiz
PEP Lab: Stems and Seedlings.
5 – Read 4.2
1. Into what three major portions can a young woody dicot stem be divided?
2. How are the vessles and tracheids different? What type of vascular tissue do they
constitute.
3. Describe the two kinds of vascular tissue in a woody stem. Give the name and
location of each and tell the kind of sap each transports and the direction of transport.
DEFINE: grain, pith, sapwood, secondary growth, sieve plates, sieve tubes, vascular
rays, wood.
6 – Read 4.3 and p. 77
1. Compare and contrast herbaceous dicots and woody dicots.
2. Compare and contrast herbaceous dicots and herbaceous monocots.
DEFINE: chemotropism, cortex, fibrovascular bundles, hydrotropism, negative tropism,
phototropism, positive tropism, rind, thigmotropism, tropism.
7 – Read 4.4
1. Compare and contrast layering and grafting.
2. Compare and contrast slipping and budding.
3. Compare and contrast bulbs and corms.
4. Compare and contrast rhizomes and runners.
5. Briefly describe the functions of the five plant hormones on p. 78.
DEFINE: adventitious roots, asexual reproduction, cutting, scion, stock, stolon, tendril,
thorns, tuber, vegetative propogation.
8 – Read 4.5
1. Explain the function of root hairs.
2. Describe how roots grow in length.
3. Name the four main functions of roots discussed in this text.
4. Explain the difference between osmosis and diffusion.
5. Compare and contrast overwatering and burning of a plant.
DEFINE: adhesion, cohesion, epiphytes, fibrous roots, fleshy roots, prop roots, root
cortex, sap stream, stele, sucker shoots, taproots.
**EACH STUDENT should collect 2 TYPES OF ROOTS for class.
**TURN IN NOTEBOOK AND HOMEWORK TO THE BOX.
9 – Quiz Review of Lab Notebooks
PEP Lab: Roots and Osmosis or Diffusion
12 – Read 22.1
1. Explain why organisms are cellular in structure.
2. State the cell principle (p. 581).
3. What are the average number of cells in the human body: (a) at birth, (b) in an adult.
DEFINE: cytology, molecular biology, cell
Internet Research: identify the smallest and largest cells known to man.
13 – Read 22.2
1. What are the three main parts of a plant or animal cell?
2. Briefly describe the overall structure of the nucleus. What purpose does the nucleus
serve?
3. What is the purpose of rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
4. How do the Golgi complex and the cytoskeleton work together to transport proteins
or other large molecules from one region of a cell to another?
5. Briefly state the purpose of mitochondria, chloroplasts, ribosomes, lysosomes, and
vacuoles.
6. What are some of the purposes of the cell membrane.
DEFINE: centriole, chromatin, DNA, microtubule, nucleolus, nucleoplasm, organelles,
phospholipids, vesicle.
14 – Bio CB 30 Animal Cell
15 – Review Bio CB 31
List five major differences between plant cells and animal cells.
**If you have a MICROSCOPE, PLEASE bring it to class tomorrow.
16 – Quiz.
PEP Lab: Cell Structures
19 – Read 22.3
1. Compare and contrast active and passive transport.
2. Compare and contrast phagocytosis and pinocytosis.
3. Compare and contrast endocytosis and exocytosis.
4. Compare and contrast photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
5. Identify the molecule that supplies the energy needed for active transport.
DEFINE: ATP, cilia, flagellum, homeostasis, osmotic pressure, pH.
20 – Zoo CB 10 Mitosis
Research mitosis from another source (i.e. encyclopedia, internet) and write a brief
description (NO copy and paste—you’re cheating yourself if you do!)
21 – Read 5.2
1. Describe how gymnosperms reproduce.
2. Describe the two types of cones produces by conifers.
3. Compare and contrast angiosperms and gymnosperms.
4. Compare and contrast conifers, cycads, and ginkgoes.
DEFINE: vascular plants, nonvascular plants
22 – Read 5.3
1. Compare and contrast spores and seeds.
2. Compare and contrast sporophyte and gametophyte generations.
DEFINE: club moss, fern, frond, gamete, horsetail, rhizome, sori, sporangium, spores
Bio CB 11 Water Molecules (manual)
Bio CB 12 Unusual Properties of Water (manual)
23 – Quiz
PEP Lab: Properties of Water
26 – Read 5.4
1. Why are the leaf-like and stem-like structures of mosses not considered true leaves or
stems?
2. Describe how mosses reproduce.
DEFINE: bryophytes, capsule, liverwort, moss, peat, peat moss, rhizoid.
Zoo CB3 Introduction to Protozoans (Yes, we’re working ahead here.)
27 – Read 5.5
1. Explain why dinoflagellates may be classified as plants or animals.
2. Explain why blue-green algae are sometimes classified as cyanobacertia.
3. Describe the classification of algae, including the subphyla, and the basis for
the classification. Give an example of each.
4. What are some more useful products derived from algae?
5. Compare and contrast kelps, rockweeds, and gulfweeds.
6. IDENTIFY: large saltwater algae, algae that can grow 200 feet long, the substance in
mayonnaise, the algae which grows at the greatest depth.
DEFINE: algae, chlorella, colony, desmids, diatoms, diatomaceous earth, filament,
flagellum, fungi, holdfast, plankton, primary consumers, red tide, rusts,
Sargasso Sea, secondary consumers, seaweed, silica.
Zoo CB 4 Paramecium
28 – Read 5.6
1. Explain why biologist have difficulty classifying the bacteria.
2. Compare and contrast autotrophs and heterotrophs.
3. Compare and contrast saprophytes and parasites.
4. Compare and contrast prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
DEFINE: antibiotic, basidium, fruiting body, fungi, gills, hyphae, lichen, mildews,
molds, mycelium, mycology, rusts, smuts, yeasts.
Zoo CB 5 Amoeba
29 – Read 21.6
1. What are the four main groups of protozoa and their identifying characteristics.
2. Name three diseases caused by protozoa.
3. Compare and contrast locomotion in flagellates, pseudopods, ciliates, and
sporozoans.
Zoo CB6 Euglena
Zoo CB 11 Reproduction Among Protozoans and Sponges
**If you have a MICROSCOPE, PLEASE bring it to class tomorrow.
30 -- Quiz. (HINT: know your single-celled animals, algae, and fungi)
PEP Lab: Mold, Muck, and Protozoans
NOVEMBER
2 – Read 16.1
1. Compare and contrast the three basic kinds of symmetry found in living organisms.
2. Name three characteristics of all vertebrates?
3. Identify five characteristics of all mammals?
DEFINE: blastula, carnivore, gestation period, herbivore, hibernate, homeothermic,
invertebrates, mammary glands, motile, oviduct, oviparous, sessile, tetrapod,
viviparous.
Bio CB 91 Kingdoms of the Living World (manual)
3 -- Read 16.2
1. Compare and contrast diurnal and nocturnal animals.
2. Identify the following -- Animalia, Chordata, Mammalia: smallest order (fewest
species), largest order (greatest number of species), flying mammals, egg-laying
mammals, marine mammals, and mammals with trunks.
3. Identify: the chief sensory organ of the platypus when it’s underwater; the slowest
land mammal and possible reasons for lack of speed; the only pouched
animal outside of Australia, the land mammal having the most teeth; five
mammals that eat ants and their distinguishing characteristics.
Zoo CB 2 Organization of the Animal Kingdom: Major Phyla
4 -- Read 16.3
1. Explain how insectivores benefit mankind.
2. Compare and contrast bats, flying squirrels, and flying lemurs and why they are
classed in different orders.
3. Name three diseases which can be spread by rats.
4. List four characteristics of primates.
5. What is a prehensile tail?
6. What characteristic do all rodents have in common?
7. What is the most obvious way to distinguish between an ape and a monkey?
5 -- Read 16.4
1. Compare and contrast artiodactyls and perissodactyls.
2. Compare and contrast horns and antlers.
3. Describe the characteristics of ungulates.
4. Name two aquatic animals of the order Carnivora.
5. What is the largest land-dwelling carnivore?
6. Explain the digestive system of a ruminant.
6 – Quiz
PEP Lab: Classification of Animals and Plants
9 – Read 7.1
1. Name the bones, regions, and curves of the vertebral column.
2. Compare and contrast the axial skeleton and the appedicular skeleton.
3. Describe the functions of the cranium, fontanels, sutures, and sinuses.
4. Describe the functions of the hyoid bone and the middle ear bones.
DEFINE: anterior, cartilage, cervical, cranium, lateral, ligament, lumbar, pelvis,
posterior, scoliosis, thoracic.
10 -- Read 7.2
1. Explain how the bones of the forearm allow the hand to rotate.
2. Identify the bones of the pectoral girdle. (Yes boys, you have a girdle, 2 actually).
3. Identify the bones of the pelvic girdle.
DEFINE: carpus, patella, pelvis, phalanges, tarsus, tendon
Bio CB 100 Skeletal System (manual)
11 -- Read. 7.3 and 7.4
1. Explain how bones are classified.
2. Compare and contrast the epiphyses and the diaphysis.
3. Compare and contrast spongy bone and compact bone.
4. Compare and contrast simple fractures and compound fractures.
5. Compare and contrast ball and socket joints, hinge joints, and pivot joints.
6. Explain how ellipsoid joints, gliding joints, and saddle joints function.
7. What is the most common type of arthritis? Which type is most serious?
DEFINE: arthritis, collagen, dislocation, hydroxyapatite, ligament, ossification,
osteoblast, osteoclast, osteocyte, periosteum, rickets, sprain, synovial fluid,
Wolff’s law.
12 -- Zoo CB101 Correlative Support Systems
**Review and Study the human skeleton.
13 – Quiz
PEP Lab: Bones
16 – Review definitions.
17 – Review labs.
18 – Review cell structures.
19 – Review quizzes.
20 – PEP BIOLOGY MID-TERM
LAB NOTEBOOKS COLLECTED FOR GRADING.
COLLECT BEFORE LEAVING: Bio CB 110 and your Zoo CB.
23 -- Read 7.5
1. Compare and contrast skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle.
2. Compare and contrast contraction and relaxation.
3. Identify: the largest muscle of the human body, the two major muscles responsible
for chewing, the type of muscle used in childbirth, the muscles located between the
ribs, the main muscle responsible for shoulder movement.
DEFINE: cardiac muscle, involuntary muscle, muscle fibers, smooth muscle, striated
muscle, voluntary muscle.
Bio CB 101 Musculoskeletal System (manual)
24 – Read 7.6 and 7.7
1. Explain the importance of proper muscle tone.
2. What is meant by the all-or-none response.
3. Compare and contrast white fibers and red fibers.
4. What causes muscle fatigue?
DEFINE: cramp, fascia, motor unit, myofibril, neuromuscular junction,