MONTREAL PROTOCOL
ON SUBSTANCES THAT DEPLETE
THE OZONE LAYER
UNEP
Report of the
Technology and Economic Assessment Panel
May 2014
Volume 2
Essential Use Nominations Report
ii
May 2004 TEAP Progress Report
UNEP
May 2014 Report of the
Technology and Economic
Assessment Panel
Volume 2
Essential Use Nominations Report
May 2014 TEAP Progress Report iii
Montreal Protocol
On Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer
Report of the
UNEP Technology and Economic Assessment Panel
May 2014
Volume 2
Essential Use Nominations Report
The text of this report is composed in Times New Roman.
Co-ordination: Technology and Economic Assessment Panel
Composition of the report: Lambert Kuijpers, Bella Maranion, Helen Tope
Layout and formatting: Ozone Secretariat (UNEP)
Lambert Kuijpers (UNEP TEAP)
Date: May 2014
Under certain conditions, printed copies of this report are available from:
UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME
Ozone Secretariat, P.O. Box 30552, Nairobi, Kenya
This document is also available in portable document format from the UNEP Ozone Secretariat's website:
http://ozone.unep.org/new_site/en/assessment_panels_main.php
No copyright involved. This publication may be freely copied, abstracted and cited, with acknowledgement of the source of the material.
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May 2014 TEAP EUN Report
Disclaimer
The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the Technology and Economic Assessment Panel (TEAP) Co-chairs and members, the Technical Options Committees Co-chairs and members, the TEAP Task Forces Co-chairs and members, and the companies and organisations that employ them do not endorse the performance, worker safety, or environmental acceptability of any of the technical options discussed. Every industrial operation requires consideration of worker safety and proper disposal of contaminants and waste products. Moreover, as work continues - including additional toxicity evaluation - more information on health, environmental and safety effects of alternatives and replacements will become available for use in selecting among the options discussed in this document.
UNEP, the TEAP Co-chairs and members, the Technical Options Committees Co-chairs and members, and the TEAP Task Forces Co-chairs and members, in furnishing or distributing this information, do not make any warranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or utility; nor do they assume any liability of any kind whatsoever resulting from the use or reliance upon any information, material, or procedure contained herein, including but not limited to any claims regarding health, safety, environmental effect or fate, efficacy, or performance, made by the source of information.
Mention of any company, association, or product in this document is for information purposes only and does not constitute a recommendation of any such company, association, or product, either express or implied by UNEP, the Technology and Economic Assessment Panel Co-chairs or members, the Technical and Economic Options Committee Co-chairs or members, the TEAP Task Forces Co-chairs or members or the companies or organisations that employ them.
Acknowledgements
The Technology and Economic Assessment Panel, its Technical Options Committees and the Task Forces Co-chairs and members acknowledges with thanks the outstanding contributions from all of the individuals and organisations that provided support to Panel, Committees and Task Forces Co-chairs and members. The opinions expressed are those of the Panel, the Committees and Task Forces and do not necessarily reflect the reviews of any sponsoring or supporting organisation.
TEAP thanks the Multilateral Fund Secretariat for the Montreal Protocol, Montreal, Canada for hosting the TEAP meeting, 4-9 May 2014, where the elements for this report were first discussed and decisions were taken for a final review round, followed by the submission of the report.
Foreword
The May 2014 TEAP Report
The May 2014 TEAP Report consists of six volumes:
Volume 1: May 2014 TEAP Progress Report
Volume 2: May 2014 TEAP Essential Use Nominations Report
Volume 3: May 2014 TEAP Critical Use Nominations Report
Volume 4: TEAP Decision XXV/5 Task Force Report on information on alternatives to ODS
Volume 5: TEAP Decision XXV/6 Report on TOC appointment processes, future configurations and the streamlining of annual (progress) reports
Volume 6: TEAP Decision XXV/8 Task Force on the funding requirement for the 2015-2017 replenishment of the Multilateral Fund for the Implementation of the Montreal Protocol
§ Volume 1 contains the TOC progress reports, and a chapter “Other TEAP Matters”, discussing the status of (re-) nominations and challenges to the participation of experts, as well as an annex with the list of TEAP and TOC members, status May 2014
§ Volume 2 contains the assessment of the 2014 essential use nominations by the CTOC and the MTOC
§ Volume 3 contains the assessment of the 2014 critical use nominations by the MBTOC
§ Volume 4 is the report of the TEAP Task Force responding to Decision XXV/5 on information on alternatives to ODS in the refrigeration and air conditioning, foams, medical uses, fire protection and solvent sectors
§ Volume 5 contains a description by the TEAP on the TOC appointment processes and their future configurations and the streamlining of the annual (progress) reports in response to Decision XXV/6
§ Volume 6 is the report of the TEAP Task Force responding to Decision XXV/8 on the funding requirement for the 2015-2017 replenishment of the Multilateral Fund for the Implementation of the Montreal Protocol.
This is Volume 2 on the assessment of Essential Use Nominations submitted in 2014.
The UNEP Technology and Economic Assessment Panel (TEAP):
Lambert Kuijpers, co-chair / NL / Jose Pons-Pons / VENBella Maranion, co-chair / USA / Ian Porter / AUS
Marta Pizano, co-chair / COL / Miguel Quintero / COL
Paul Ashford / UK / Helen Tope / AUS
Mohamed Besri / MOR / Dan Verdonik / USA
David Catchpole / UK / Ashley Woodcock / UK
Marco Gonzalez / CR / Masaaki Yamabe / J
Sergey Kopylov / RF / Shiqiu Zhang / PRC
Kei-ichi Ohnishi / J / Jianjung Zhang / PRC
Roberto Peixoto / BRA
UNEP
May 2014 Report of the
Technology and Economic
Assessment Panel
Volume 2
Essential Use Nominations
Table of Contents Page
Foreword vi
1 Introduction 1
2 Essential Use Nominations for CFC-113 in Aerospace Industries by the Russian Federation 3
2.1 EUN of CFC-113 in 2015 for Aerospace Industries by the Russian Federation 3
2.2 Background of the nomination 3
2.3 CTOC comments on the EUN for CFC-113 in 2015 by the Russian Federation 3
2.4 Conclusions 4
3 Essential Use Nomination of CTC laboratory and analytical uses (“testing of oil, grease and total petroleum hydrocarbons in water”) by China 5
3.1 Introduction 5
3.2 EUN for CTC in 2015-2016 by China 5
A. Steps to minimise use through standard revision 5
B. Steps to minimise emissions 5
3.3 CTOC Comments on EUN for CTC in 2015-2016 by China 6
3.4 Conclusion 6
4 Essential Use Nominations and Reporting Accounting Frameworks for CFCs for Metered Dose Inhalers 7
4.1 Executive Summary of Essential Use Nominations for Metered Dose Inhalers 7
4.2 Essential Use Nominations for Metered Dose Inhalers 7
4.2.1 Criteria for Review of Essential Use Nominations for MDIs 7
4.2.2 Review of Nominations 7
4.2.3 Observations 8
4.2.4 Stockpiles 8
4.2.5 China 9
4.3 Reporting Accounting Frameworks for Essential Use Exemptions 14
4.3.1 Argentina 14
4.3.2 Egypt 15
4.3.3 European Union 15
4.3.4 India 15
4.3.5 Mexico 15
4.3.6 Pakistan 16
4.3.7 Russian Federation 16
4.3.8 Syria 17
4.3.9 United States 17
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May 2014 TEAP EUN Report
1 Introduction
This is volume 2 of 6 of the May 2014 TEAP Report and contains:
· Essental Use nomination by the Russian Federation for CFC-113 evaluated by the CTOC;
· Essential Use nomination by China for CTC evaluated by the CTOC; and
· Essental Use nominations for CFCs in MDIs evaluated by the MTOC.
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May 2014 TEAP EUN Report
2 Essential Use Nominations for CFC-113 in Aerospace Industries by the Russian Federation
2.1 EUN of CFC-113 in 2015 for Aerospace Industries by the Russian Federation
On 14 January 2014, the Russian Federation submitted to the Ozone Secretariat a new request for an Essential Use Exemption for 75 metric tonnes of CFC-113 in 2015 for use in the manufacture of missiles and space equipment. The application was submitted by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation.
The CTOC has reviewed this nomination and recommends an EUE for 75 metric tonnes of CFC-113 in 2015 for the Russian Federation.
2.2 Background of the nomination
Decision XXV/3 in MOP-25 approved an essential use exemption of 85 metric tonnes of CFC-113 in 2014 for applications in the missile and aerospace industries in the Russian Federation, taking into consideration the evaluation and recommendation of the CTOC on the essential-use nomination for CFC113 for aerospace applications. CTOC notes that the Russian Federation continues to explore the possibility of importing CFC113 for its aerospace industry needs from available global stocks and that the Russian Federation has been successful in reducing use and emissions in line with the technical adaptation timetable developed in collaboration with the CTOC.
2.3 CTOC comments on the EUN for CFC-113 in 2015 by the Russian Federation
The Russian Federation has been successful in reducing the annual consumption of CFC-113 in the missile and space industry from 241 metric tonnes in 2001 to 85 metric tonnes in 2014. However, no solvent is currently available that is similar to CFC-113 in terms of cleaning efficiency, versatility and compatibility with structural materials. Consequently, CFC-113 phaseout in this application is directly related to technical modernization and new equipment installation.
The new request by the Russian Federation for an Essential Use Exemption for 75 metric tonnes of CFC-113 in the year 2015 describes and explains in detail why this application is urgent for health and safety or vital for the society, what efforts are made to investigate currently available alternatives and why these are insufficient for immediate complete phaseout, and also efforts for minimizing emission of CFC-113.
Unique physicochemical and operational characteristics of CFC-113 grant the required cleanliness levels of parts and assembly units, high tightness levels of the missile and space equipment. Faultless and reliable operation in those applications, and consequently, the life and health of spacecraft crews, personnel and communities in the launching area depend on proper selection of the cleaning solvent for those parts and equipment. In particular failures of gyro instruments of the launch vehicle or space vehicle control system can lead to fatal situations and. insufficient liquid-propellant rocket systems, which use liquid oxygen as an oxidizer, can result in explosions during launching
The tested CFC-113 alternatives are discussed as well as many other non-ozone-depleting solvents produced by Du Pont (Vertel XF, Vertel MCA), 3M (Novec HFE-7100, HFE-71DE, HFE-72DE), Asahi Glass (Asahiklin AK-225, AK-225 FPL, AE-3000), Honeywell (Solstice 1233zd), etc. But none of those candidates meets all requirements for the replacement of CFC-113.
The interested industrial enterprises have already tested and implemented where possible the procedures for cleaning, degreasing and washing of parts and assembly units of missile and space equipment with alternative organic, chlorocarbon, hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC-141b, etc.) solvents and aqueous detergents. This allowed considerable decrease in CFC-113 use. However, the CFC-113 phaseout is to be finished when all CFC-113 dependent equipment is replaced. According to the earlier submitted time-schedule (see Russian EUN for 2013) the use of CFC-113 by the Russian missile and space industry is to be completely terminated starting from 2016.
In order to minimise emissions of CFC-113, recirculation and stock accumulation have been attempted, but recycled and accumulated stock of CFC-113 is not available in sufficient quality for the expected application.
In addition, the enterprises developed and implemented closed-type sealed equipment with solvent vapor phase recuperation units, and developed and implemented new production technologies that minimize loss of volatile solvents in the manufacture of parts and assemblies for missile and space equipment.
The EUN submitted by Russia satisfies, in principle, the following criteria to qualify as “Essential” under Decision IV/25:
1. It is necessary for the health, safety or critical for the functioning of the society.
2. There are no available technically and economically feasible alternatives or substitutes that are acceptable from the standpoint of environment and health.
3. All actions have been attempted to minimize CFC-113 emissions.
2.4 Conclusions
The CTOC recommends the Essential Use Exemption for 75 metric tonnes of CFC-113 in 2015 for the Russian Federation.
Taking into account the achievements so far and timely realization of the industrial program on conversion of the missile and space industry to technologies that avoid or restrict application of CFC-113, the Russian Federation has provided the future reduction plan as follows: 75 metric tonnes in 2015, and 0 metric tonnes in 2016.
The CTOC acknowledges the achievement of the projected reduction, and recommends continued efforts for the introduction of appropriate alternatives, development of materials compatible with alternatives and adoption of newly designed equipment to complete phase-out of CFC-113 in 2016.
The CTOC understands also that some of CFC-113 alternatives currently adopted by the Russian Federation in the manufacture of missile and space equipment (HCFCs) are transitional ODS substances with very small but non-zero ODP values, and they are regulated by the Montreal Protocol. HCFCs are scheduled to be phased out in the near future, and CTOC strongly recommends that efforts continue to plan for the upcoming transition.
3 Essential Use Nomination of CTC laboratory and analytical uses (“testing of oil, grease and total petroleum hydrocarbons in water”) by China
3.1 Introduction
In China, as in every other country in the world, it is a fundamental necessity to be able to test the presence of oil in water to monitor water quality. Most countries have their own national standard for this type of analysis. China’s national standard HJ 637-2012 Water quality - Determination of petroleum oil, animal and vegetable oils- Infrared photometric method is in use since 2012. The scope of water quality monitoring includes headwaters, lake waters, river waters, surface waters, groundwater, seawater, drinking water, domestic sewage, and industrial effluents. Carbon tetrachloride (CTC) is specified by the HJ 637-2012 standard as the agent to extract oily substances, which are then analysed with the infrared photometric method.