BY 123 SI Session #12

Chapter 19 & 22

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1)Describe the composition of a virus. What components are optional?

Capsid (protein coat) made of capsomeres with genetic material inside. Genetic material can be single or double stranded RNA or DNA. Optional components include the viral envelope.

2)What is meant by obligate intracellular parasite?

Must have host cell to reproduce!

3)Match the following terms with their definition/ characteristic:

  1. Lytic cycle
  2. Virulent phage
  3. Temperate phage
  4. Lysogenic cycle
  5. Prophage
  6. Retrovirus
  7. Reverse transcriptase
  8. Viroids
  9. Prions

__c___ phages capable of using both modes of replication

__e___ viral DNA integrated into bacterial chromosome

__b___ phage that replicates only by the lytic cycle

__a___ phage replicative cycle that results in immediate cell lysis/ death

__d___ phage replicative cycle that allows for replication of the phage genome without killing the host cell.

__f____ viruses that can transcribe RNA DNA . Example = HIV

___g___ enzyme which can transcribe RNA  DNA

___h___ small, circular RNA molecules which infect plants

__i____ infectious proteins

4)Emerging viruses can arise by:

  1. Mutation
  2. Species  species transfer
  3. Existing in small populations and then diversifying
  4. Spreading more widely within their own host species
  5. All of the above

5)Write a capital letter representing the theory or philosophy, and the lowercase letter representing its proponent in the blanks below:

  1. Catastophism
  2. Inheritance of acquired characteristics
  3. Gradual geological changes
  4. Descent with modification
  5. Classification system
  6. Scale of nature
  7. Uniformitarianism
  1. Aristotle
  2. Cuvier
  3. Darwin
  4. Hutton
  5. Lamarck
  6. Linnaeus
  7. Lyell

Theory Proponent

__E______f_____ Describes the diversity of God’s creations by naming and classifying species

__A______b_____ The history of Earth is marked by sudden floods or droughts that resulted in extinctions

_B______e____ Proposed mechanism of evolution in which modifications due to use or disuse are passed on to offspring

__C______d,g_____ Profound change is the cumulative product of slow but continuous processes

__F______a____ Earth contains fixed species on a continuum from simple to complex

___D______c____ All of life is related; present day species differ from ancestral species

___G______g____ Geological processes have constant rates throughout time

6)What are the Four Main Parts of Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection?

Variation in Population

Competition

Survive long enough to reproduce

Overpopulation

7)What are the supportive pieces of scientific evidence for Evolution?

  1. Direct evidence bacteria and viruses developing drug resistant forms
  2. Homologous structures
  3. Fossil Record

8)Match the following terms with their description:

  1. Adaptations
  2. Natural selection
  3. Artificial selection
  4. Homologous structures
  5. Vestigial structures
  6. Convergent evolution
  7. Analogous structures

__c___ modification of species by selecting and breeding individuals that possess desired traits. Example is dog breeding.

__d___ features that share common ancestry but not necessarily similar function

___e__ remnants of features that served important functions in the organism’s ancestor

__a___ inherited characteristics of organisms that enhance their survival and reproduction in specific environments

_g___ features that share similar functions but not common ancestry

__f___ independent evolution of similar features in different lineages due to similar environmental conditions.

__b___ a process in which individuals have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits.