3rd 9 Weeks Exam Review

1.  Define the following terms:

  1. Heredity study of genetics g. Gregor Mendel Father of Genetics
  2. hybrid has two different alleles h. heterozygous has two different alleles
  3. genotype genetic code i. phenotype physical appearance
  4. purebred same alleles for a trait j. allele different forms a trait can take
  5. incomplete dominance blend of traits k. complete dominance one trait covers
  6. co-dominance both are seen l. homozygous same alleles for a trait
  7. genetics – the passing of traits from parent to offsring

2.  What possible genotypes can the following blood types have?

  1. Type A: AA;AO c. Type O: OO
  2. Type B: BB;BO d. Type AB: AB

3.  What are the major organs in the following systems: SEE REVIEW GIVEN YESTERDAY

  1. Respiratory f. Cardiovascular
  2. Nervous g. Muscular
  3. Endocrine h. Skeletal
  4. Digestive i. Integumentary
  5. Excretory

4.  What is the major function of the following systems: SEE REVIEW GIVEN YESTERDAY

  1. Respiratory f. Cardiovascular
  2. Nervous g. Muscular
  3. Endocrine h. Skeletal
  4. Digestive i. Integumentary
  5. Excretory

5.  What types of plants did Gregor Mendel study? Pea Plants

6.  Was he given credit for his work immediately after completing his studies? No

7.  In complete dominance, how do you know which one is dominant and which is recessive? The dominant allele seems to “cover” or “hide” the recessive.

8.  How many different ways can alleles be paired when you have two alleles for a trait? 3

9.  What are inherited traits? They are things that you are born with that you can not control; ie, eye color, hair color, height, etc…What are learned traits? A learned trait is something you aren’t born with. For example, the ability to speak Mandarin (Chinese) is a learned trait.

10.  What is a mutation? a mutation is any change in the DNA in the chromosome of a cell.If mutations are in sex cells can they be passed to offspring? YES!

11.  What is a tumor? Tissue created by cancer cells.

12.  What is the difference between incomplete dominance and co-dominance? Give an example.

In incomplete dominance, both colors will blend. Red and White flowers would make pink flowers. In co-dominance, you would see both colors expressed so red and white would make red and white flowers.

13.  Identify the following as Mitosis or Meiosis

  1. _ME____sex cells (gametes) are produced e. _ME____each cell has 23 unpaired chromosomes
  2. _MIT____body cells are produced f. _MIT____results in 2 identical cells
  3. _MIT____cells are diploid g. _ME____cells are haploid
  4. _MIT____each cell has 23 paired chromosomes h. _ME____results in 4 cells that are similar

14.  Which term refers to the physical characteristics that are studied in genetics? traits

15.  Is TT showing homozygous or heterozygous? homozygous Dominant or recessive? dominant

16.  What is the probability of producing a tall pea plant from a genetic cross between two hybrid tall pea plants? 75% or 3 out of 4

17.  What is a mutation? a mutation is any change in the DNA in the chromosome of a cell.

18.  What is cancer? Cancer is caused when abnormal cells divide uncontrollably; they stay in a perpetual state of mitosis; where a normal cell stays in interphase.

19.  Use a Punnett square to solve the following questions. Green pods are completely dominant to yellow pods. Cross a plant with heterozygous green pods with a plant with yellow pods.

  1. What are the genotypes? Gg gg
  2. What percent of the offspring will be yellow? 50%
  3. What percent of the offspring will be green? 50%
  4. What percent of the offspring will be heterozygous? 50%
  5. What percent of the offspring will be homozygous? 50%

20.  Straight hair is completely dominant to curly hair. What would be the results of crossing a mother with homozygous straight hair with a father with curly hair?

  1. What is the mother’s genotype? SS What is the father’s genotype? ss
  2. What percent of the offspring will have straight hair? 100%
  3. What percent of the offspring will have curly hair? 0%
  4. What percent of the offspring will be heterozygous? 100%
  5. What percent of the offspring will be homozygous? 0%

21.  Black fur and white fur share incomplete dominance. What would be the results of crossing a white fur mouse with a black fur mouse?

  1. What are the genotypes?_WW______BB_____
  2. What percent of the offspring will have white fur? 0%
  3. What percent of the offspring will have black fur? 0%
  4. What percent of the offspring will have grey fur? 100%
  5. What percent of the offspring will be homozygous? 0% Heterozygous? 100%

22.  A hen with black and white codominant feathers is crossed with a rooster with white feathers only.

  1. What are the genotypes? _FBFW______FWFW ______
  2. What percent of the offspring will be yellow? 0%
  3. What percent of the offspring will have white feathers? 50%
  4. What percent of the offspring will have black feathers? 0%
  5. What percent of the offspring will have both white and black feathers? 50%