The third international conference “Recent environmental problems and social sharement” SouthValleyUniversity, Qena November 10-13/ 2008
Environmental Monitoring Using Remote Sensing and GIS:
A Case Study of Mapping Coastal Changes
at Rosetta Promontory, Nile Delta, Egypt.
Mohamed E. Hereher
Environmental Science Dept., Faculty of Science
at New Damietta, Mansoura University, Egypt.
Two Landsat satellite images acquired in 1972 and 2003 were utilized to estimate the trajectories and rates of coastal erosion/accretion at Rosetta promontory. Image classification and post-classification change detection approaches were applied and the "from-to" technique was performed to highlight pixels of change. Accuracy of image classification reached 94% for both land cover maps of 1972 and 2003. Results showed that between 1972 and 2003, 9.9 km2 of land had been disappeared and rendered to the Mediterranean Sea due to erosion. However, 4.8 km2 of seawater were converted to land in the same period. The headland of the promontory was the location where most erosion occurred. Accretion was observed mainly along the eastern side of the headland due to the eastward movement of sediments by longshore currents. The study asserts on the importance of using remote sensing and GIS in environmental monitoring and assessment.
Daily soil water flux as a function of hydraulic
conductivity and moisture content
Elbanna, e.b
Faculty of agric., Mansoura Univ.Egypt
The easiest and the most popular procedure for the estimation of water flux through the drainage process are the use of a drainage coefficients. That is, to assume that the excess water gained by soil through precipitation or irrigation will be removed from the soil at a constant rate until the soil reaches the field capacity, (FC). This procedure, although inaccurate and over simplified, has been widely used for varying purposes. While, the used drainage coefficients to obtain the water flux rate for tile utilized these coefficients in most previous models for soil workability.
So, soil moisture content and water flow rate from the saturation were measured for three soil types at three soil profiles. Previous soil moisture and drainage models were tested and experimental data were analyzed. Two empirical equations were developed to predict soil moisture from soil tension and water flow as function of renitence moisture content in the soil. These equations can be involved in soil strength, draught and traction equations, to simplify them and made the prediction of these equations more logical in soil mechanics and traction.
Using Of Waste Industrialization Returning
Method From Al-NajafCity For Manufacturing
Fertilization And Animal Fodder
Ameer Khalil Yeaser, Huseen Kamel Mosa
Faculty of agriculture,Kufa U niv.Iraqe
The study includes re-using of wastes ( garbage ) of Al-Najaf city that it accumulated by Al-Najaf municipality , and setting up a special area out of the city ( sea area ) with 3.75 ha. area and partitioned to parts :
1- accumulation stage : Based on accumulating of houses wastes by garbage vehicle .
2- separation stage : Based on separating of wastes quality to : 1-Mineral 2-Organic
3- Drying stage : Distribution of houses garbage specially food remains to wide land areas that specified in this project for drying & sterilization via sun .
4- Grind the organic waste for manufacturing fertilization and animal fodder .
The study objectives are to discard from wastes scientifically & healthy , and exploit them for manufacturing fertilization and all kinds of fodder .
This project sets out utilizing of production returns for saving salaries to labors .
Assessment impact of regular harvesting of Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. in free surface constructed wetland on wastewater
quality improvement of Bahr Al-Baqar Drain
Ahmed A. Khakafallaha, Dia El Din El-Quosyb,
Mohamed El-Shahatc, Mona Alaamb
aBotany Depart. WomenCollege for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams Univ.
bMinistry of Public Works and Water Resources, Egypt
Lake Manzala Engineered Wetland Project (LMEWP) was designed for treating 25000 m3 of Bahr Al-Baqar wastewater. Free surface flow basin vegetated by Phragmites australis plants was adopted for the present investigation which aimed to assess the effect of regular harvesting P. australis plants on water treatment processes. The inflow wastewater is characterized by high concentrations of TSS, BOD, NH4+, NO3-, PO4-- and total & fecal coliform, and low concentration of dissolved oxygen. Heavy metals were below the recommended maximum concentrations. The maximum removal of the pollutants happened in the third or forth month of the reed plants age. The maximum removal percentage due to presence of P. australis plants in the constructed wetland basin for TSS, BOD, NH4+, NO3-, PO4--, Fe, Pb, Ni, Cd, total coliform and fecal coliform were 70, 71, 69, 73, 57, 61, 61, 28, 44, 98 and 96 % respectively, in the first cut and 86, 83, 79, 63, 58, 61, 66, 27, 40, 99 and 98% respectively, in the second cut. The concentration of DO in the outflow water was more than 2.5 folds in the 1st and 2nd cut compared to their concentration in the inflow water. The results indicated that constructed wetland vegetated by P. australis plants have high ability to remove TSS, BOD, NH4+, NO3-, total coliform and fecal coliform, in addition increase DO, moderate ability to remove PO4--, Fe and Pb and low ability to reduce Ni and Cd. The results indicated that harvesting reed plants every six months improve water quality but caused disturbance through month from the harvest until plants developed, so a pattern of plants harvest must be investigated to insure presence of reed plants in active stage.
Key wards: Constructed wetland, Phragmites australis, Nutrients, Heavy metal, Total and fecal coliform, Plant harvesting.
Efficiency of soil inoculation with growth regulators producing microorganisms on some enzymes activity
Zaghloul, R. A. 1 ; A. GH. Rahal 2 ; N. A. Neweigy 1; Ehsan A. Hanafy1
and Rasha, M. El-Meihy1
1- Fac. Agric., Moshtohor, BenhaUniversity
2- Soil, Water and Environment Research Inst. Agric. Research Center,Egypt
This experiment was carried out to study the efficiency of soil inoculation with Azotobacter chroococcum and Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum on some enzymes activity in presence of tomato wilting fungi. Obtained results showed that tomato inoculation with the mixture of A. chroococcum and B. megaterium var. phosphaticum gave higher values of dehydrogenase activity (DHA) as compared with individual inoculation treatments .Tomato inoculation with A. chroococcum or B. megaterium var. phosphaticum in combination with soil infestation with either F. oxysporum f.sp lycopersici or F. solani significantly increased DHA compared to un-inoculated ones.Tomato inoculation with B. megaterium var. phosphaticum significantly increased the phosphatase activity rather than that inoculated with A. chroococcum .Dual inoculation with A. chroococcum + B. megaterium var. phosphaticum gave significant increase in phosphatase activity rather than the individual inoculation with either A. chroococcum or B. megaterium var. phosphaticum . Tomato inoculation with A. chroococcum only significantly increased N2–ase activity as compared to other investigated treatments. Also , soil infestation with either F. oxysporum f.sp lycopersici or F. solani in combination with the mixture of two studied plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) showed higher records of N2-ase activity than that inoculated with A. chroococcum only .
Soil infestation with either F. oxysporum f.sp lycopersici or F. solani significantly decreased the peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase content in tomato plants. Tomato inoculation with PGPR significantly increased the peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase content in tomato plants compared to the un-inoculated ones . Tomato inoculation with PGPR combined with soil infestation with pathogenic fungi significantly increased the content of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase as compared to soil infestation with pathogenic fungi only.
Evaluate The Change OF Some Chemical Characterizes
For AL-Hamar ,Gebaesh ,AL-Adel , and
Abuzerk Marshes To Time Period
Ameer khalil yeaser Hussien Katheth AL- Kelabi Zehar Rathe Aday Ali Fathel AL –Naely Adress Mohssen Mashkor
Faculty of agriculture, Kufa Univ. Iraqe
The search is foucs on study the some of chemical (EC , PH , TDS ,AIK , Acid ,T.H , DO,NTH, ) and ionic ( Mg , Ca , Cl ) , that belonging to AL-Hamar ,Gebaesh ,AL-Adel , and Abuzerk marshes at these monthes (March , Abrel ,September ) in 2006 year .
To clarify these study that to prevail over subjects studied is change with time tracing back to all marshes that because continuance water flowing to refreshment the marshes very mach to compensation the strong reduce in its . the water in marshes is modified salinity and Alkali tendency .the EC is increased with time , ion CL is register rise strong imputation for Gebaesh AL-Hamar and Abuzerk marshes to season to water quality of Euphrates and Tigers .
The study is register for plants enclosing 14 -15 types in AL-Hamar Gebaesh marshes .
Using Of Processing Waste Water Healthy
From AL-Barakea Project In Irrigation
Ameer Kalil Yaser Moafaq Salem Barbosh Zehar Raddi Aday
Faculty of agriculture, Kufa Univ. Iraqe
The study is conciliation on the basis of using processing waste water that following to processing project in AL-Barakea region in Kufa city
The study is included taking some samples from project before and after the processing and another one in the mouth of Euphrates river .Then doing the experiment test that imitation heavy elements ( Pb , Fe , Cu , Zn ,Cr), and anion (Na , Ca , Mg ,K , CO3 , Cl ) and measure PH and EC that present the salinity . The elements determination to register that all its under the criticality limit to the irrigation water specific as amount to ( 42.6 , Nill , 4.1 , 0.02 )ppm in comparison with Cu Cr Fe Pb succession except eleament Zn as amount to 2.4 ppm above the criticality limit 2 ppm
As to comparison with ions that the Na is amount to 38.26 mmol\L and the K ion as amount to 8.72 mmol\L ,And the Cl value is 5 mmol\L and the CO3 as amount 6.1 mmol\L , these water is consider good quality for irrigation ,as amount the EC 2.63 Ds\m and the PH is 7.5 .whereas the study is refer to fitness processing water to using its in irrigation operation
Effect of irrigation with Sea-fresh mixed water on some
soil chemical properties and plant growth.
Noufal, E. H. A.
Faculty of Agriculture, Moshtohor, Benha University, Egypt.
The present investigation aims at studying the effect of irrigation with sea-fresh mixed water on some soil chemical properties and plant growth. Therefore, two soils were collected, the first from Meet-KenanaVillage, and the second from the farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Moshtohor Qalubiya Governorate, representing sandy and clayey soils, respectively.
To fulfill the abovementioned purpose, a pot experiment was carried out in the greenhouse using barley plants (Hordum vulgare cv. Giza 123) as indicator plants. Plastic pots was packed with 5 kg of the clayey soil and 6 kg of the sandy one and 20 barley grains was sown and irrigated with sea-fresh mixed water at ratios of : 1:10, 1:5, 1:4, 1:3 and 1:2 sea : fresh water. After complete germination plants were thinned to 10 plants per pot. Plants were irrigated with the sea –fresh mixed water till maturity then plants were harvested and separated into grains and straw; the dry weight of both was recorded and plant samples were digested and analyzed for their contents of nutrients. At end of the experiments samples of soils were taken from each pot and chemically analyzed. The obtained results indicate that irrigation with sea-fresh mixed water decreased soil pH, whereas increased soil salinity (EC), SAR and ESP; the increase was more pronounced in sandy soil than in the clayey one. Also, results showed that both of straw and grain yields as well as nutrients uptake decreased with decreasing the ratio of sea –fresh water mixing from 1:10 up to 1:2 sea : fresh water. The maximum yield of both straw and grain was obtained at mixing ratio of 1:10.
It could be recommended that sea-fresh mixed water may be used for irrigate plants tolerant to salinity like as barley with satisfactory benefit., where the total relative yield obtained at mixing ratio of 1:10 was 62.05 and 85.99 % of that obtained at control (Irrigation with tap water) in both of the sandy and the clayey soils, respectively. The use of low quality water like sea water in irrigation would save the fresh water for the other usages.
Pv- Wind Powered Rural Zone In Egypt
Hanaa M. Fargali1, Faten H. Fahmy1, and Mohamed A. H.El-Sayed2
National research center, Cairo
Faculty of engineering, Cairo university
Egypt
Due to intermittent natural energy resources and energy resources seasonal unbalance, a PV-wind hybrid electrical power supply system was developed for many remote locations where a conventional grid connection is inconvenient or expensive. This paper presents the sizing of a complete PV-Wind hybrid system for supplying electricity to emergency hospital, school and home buildings according to their energy requirements. The computer program (HOMER Pro.) solves the optimization problem to minimize the objective function considering the different constraints and provides the optimum wind, solar and battery ratings
Impact of Fabrics and Clothing Industry
on Environment
Dr.Eng. Ghada Bayoumi
Dept. of spinning ,Weaving and Knitting
Faculty of Applied Arts
Helwan University, Egypt
Textiles are the bedrock of the Egyptian economy. The textile industry directly employs about a million people while several other millions are less directly involved through agriculture, trade and services. The industry also provides work for several research and development centers, university institutes and departments, ministries and large companies.
The industry’s two major drawbacks are the pollution it causes and the competition it faces from foreign products. Textile processing uses many chemicals - for example, sizing agents, acids, alkalis, oxidizing agents, dyestuffs, surfactants and thickening agents, and finishes. Liquid waste containing large amounts of pollutants is discharged into the Nile. Desizing effluent is particularly harmful to the environment.
Ecological considerations are becoming increasingly important in the marketing of textile products worldwide as more and more individuals and societies become concerned about environmental issues. Not only must the finished products be ecologically friendly, but the processes and technology used to produce them should be environmentally sound and clean. New environmental laws are being introduced in Egypt, and in target markets for its textile trade, particularly Germany and the other European Union countries.
Egyptian textile manufacturers need to clean up their act or the rest of the world will lose interest in their products. The entire production chain, from raw materials to final products, must be overhauled and better systems of quality management brought in. In addition, if Egyptian goods are to remain competitive the industry needs to cut production costs; promote consumer welfare; make more durable products; diversify and modernize its product range; and introduce new products and materials for different environments.
The best way to reduce pollution is to prevent it in the first place. The textile industry emits a wide variety of pollutants from all stages in the processing of fibres and fabrics. At each of the six stages typically required to make a garment, the negative impacts on the environment are as numerous as they are varied. Spinning, weaving and industrial manufacture undermine air quality. Dyeing and printing consume vast amounts of water and chemicals, and release numerous volatile agents into the atmosphere that are particularly harmful to our health.
The consumption of energy must also be taken into account as the fuel used to provide this energy contributes to the pollution load.
It is important to investigate all aspects of reducing wastes and emissions from the textile industry, as not only will it result in improved environmental performance, but also substantial savings for the individual companies. Some companies have creatively implemented pollution prevention techniques that improve efficiency and increase profits while at the same time minimizing environmental impacts. This can be done in many ways such as reducing material inputs, re-engineering processes to reuse by-products, improving management practices, and employing substitution of toxic chemicals. Some smaller facilities are able to actually get below regulatory thresholds just by reducing pollutant releases through aggressive pollution prevention policies
Occupational Hazards of Indoor Air Elements Emitted
from Broiler Ecosystems in Different Seasons
*Zakia.A.M.Ahmed;**Zahraa. H. ElGhamdi and **Mashael. M .AlNamshan
*Dept. Animal Hygiene and Management .Faculty .Vet .Medicine.
CairoUniversity
** Dept .Zoology , DammamGirlsCollege Science . KSA
,Egypt
A field investigation had been carried out on closed and open (CHs &OHs) broiler houses through winter ,spring and summer seasons of 2004-2005 year. to throw light on the seasonal occupational and public health hazards of the emitted indoor air elements (IDAE).The results revealed ,in Winter ,CHs ,increased indoor (ID) NH3 concentration with lowered air velocity (A.V) . Direct correlations were between IDAE and outdoor air elements (ODAE).Outdoor, OD-CO2 was positively correlated with ID Ta.C and ,RH% with CO2. OD–NH3 was positively correlated with ID A.V, CO2 and NH3. OHs, Recorded positive correlations between ID-CO2 and OD-NH3 . Spring ,CHs ,ID Ta. C and A.V were decreased vs OD ones. while other elements were increased vs OD. Summer, in CHs, ID Ta,C and A.V were increased vs OD while the other elements were decreased. In OHs, the same results were recorded as in CHS but with different percents. The emission rate(ER) of ID-CO2 from both houses was the highest values in spring season. The ER of ID-CO2 and NH3 from OHs was the highest during winter and lowest during spring .The results threw light on the impact of non-efficiently used controlled ventilation system and the occupational hazards and risks for workers and neighbors in circum 1 meter around CHs. The direct emitted IDAE from OHs represented occupational and public hazards. The gases ER were affected by kind of house , ventilation system and indoor and outdoor climatic elements as A.V ,Ta.C and RH%.
Electrochemical Studies of Transport of Charged
and Uncharged Species across Biological Membranes
Tomáš Navrátil a, Ivana Šestáková a, Jana Jaklová Dytrtová b, Michal Jakl b and Vladimír Mareček a