1) Climate Vs. Weather What S the Difference?

Chapter 4

Ecosystems and Communities

Name: ______Period: ______

1) Climate vs. Weather --What’s the difference?

a) Weather – ______

b) Climate – ______

c) Microclimates - ______

2) Factors that Affect Climate

3) What is the Greenhouse Effect?:

a) Greenhouse effect – process in which ______, which keeps the planet ______

b) The 6 Greenhouse Gases:

i) ______

ii) ______

iii) ______

iv) ______

v) ______

vi) ______

c) Is the greenhouse effect a good thing? ______

______

d) What is the problem?

i) The problem is that ____________ much of the suns radiation is being ____________

e) What is causing the problem? ______

4) Latitude and Solar Energy

a) What creates season?

b) Winter = ______

c) Summer = ______

5) Heat Transfer in the Biosphere

a) Transferred primarily by ______and the ______.

b) Global wind patterns

i) A

c) Global ocean patterns

Niches and Community Interactions

6) What is a niche?

a) Describe what the organisms ______and also how it ______

b) Role the organism plays in the environment

7) Organism Tolerance

a) All organism have a ______
______

b) If the ______
______become too harsh they may not ______

8) What is competition?

a) When organisms compete for ______

i) Resource examples:

b) Barnacle Example: What happens to the smaller barnacle?

c) Do organism “want” to compete with one another? ______

d) Why not? ______

e) How can organisms limit competition?

i) Divide ______or ______that others can’t obtain

f) Dividing Resources

i) Species try to minimize competition by ______

ii) Birds use various particular part of a tree to minimize competition

g) Competitive Exclusion

i) Look at the diagram and determine which organism is being competitively excluded.

(1) ______

ii) Describe, using the graph, how you figured this out.

9) Predator and Prey Interactions

a) Predation – ______
______

b) ______populations effect populations of ______(and vice versa)

c) In this way they act as ______

10) Keystone Species – ______

______

a) Removal of a keystone species has ______

i) This ______(called trophic cascade)

b) Examples:

ii)

iii)

11) Symbiosis – a close ______between the individuals of two (or more) ______

a) Types:

ii)

iii)

iv)

12) Mutualism – ______

______

i) Examples:

(1) Pollination – bees, bats, birds, etc transfer ______

(2)

(3)

13) Parasitism – ______

______

i) Examples:

14) Commensalism – ______

Examples:

15) Competition –______

a) Examples:

ii)

ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION

b) Ecological succession ______

______

c) Example = a field slowly changing into a forest

16) Primary succession -

a) Pioneer species- is one of the at the start of primary succession. Examples include and __.

b) EXAMPLES of Primary Succession:

17) Secondary succession is the process that begins when ______.

a) List 5 places where secondary succession occurs.

1. 4.

2. 5.

Examples of Secondary Succession:

18) Climax Community – ______.

a) Different depending on ______

19) Human Disturbances and Succession:

a) Ecosystems ______from human disturbances

b) Example: ______in a rainforest

EARTH’S BIOMES

Directions: Use the book (pages 110-116 to fill out the note outline below dealing with the various biomes found on earth

1. Describe a biome

2. Tropical Rain Forest

a. Brief description of the biome

b. What is the temperature like? (look at the graph)