Chapter Test 1 – Topics
1. Cells and Cell Organelles: Doing Life’s Work (powerpoint)
· Types of cells
· Three main jobs of cells and all organelles involved in each
· Cell membrane structure and function
· Vacuoles and vesicles structure and function
· Energy molecule of the cell: ATP
· Lysosomes structure and function
· Apoptosis and role of lysosomes
· Mitochondria structure and function
· Making proteins – organelles involved, order and function of each
2. Chapter 12 – Cell Cycle Review Words – Crossword Puzzle
3. Bozeman Biology – What is DNA?
· Structure of DNA
· Nucleotides (ACGT, U only in RNA), purines/pyrimides
· Difference between DNA and RNA (structure) – why deoxribose?
· Antiparallel nature of DNA (double helix structure)
· Base pairing rules
· 3 nucleotides on RNA (codon) = 1 amino acid
4. Mitosis – steps – Figure 12.6 Exploring the Mitotic Divison of an Animal Cell
· Be able to identify stage given diagrams.
· Be able to describe each step.
5. Chapter 12: Control of Cell Cycle (with animation)
· Apoptosis
· Interphase: G1, S, G2
· Checkpoints – what is being checked for? Results of checking
6. Chapter 12: Regulation of Cell Division (powerpoint)
· Do all cells have the same life cycle?
· STOP and GO signals = chemical signals
· Promoting factors (internal) vs. growth factors (external)
· Cyclin and Cdk and MPF
· Growth factors signals à density-dependent inhibition and anchorage dependence
· Oncogenes vs. Proto-oncogenes
· Cancer: 6 mutations or “hits” and causes of mutations
· Benign vs. malignant tumors
7. From Gene to Protein (Transcription and Translation) – Overview and Review
8. DNA Replication (powerpoint)
· When does replication occur? (mitosis – Sphase of interphase)
· Origin of replication, replication bubble, replication fork
· All enzymes/proteins involved in process
· Direction of the addition of nucleotides
· DNA Polymerase III vs. I à what can’t they do? And impact on leading and lagging strand.
· Mistakes in DNA replication
· Why do chromosomes shorten after each replication? What are telomeres? What enzyme is responsible for lengthening telomeres?
9. Chapter 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles AP Biology Reading Guide
· Know all steps of Meiosis
10. Chapter 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles (powerpoint)
· Sexual vs. Asexual reproduction
· Karyotypes
· Animal vs. Plant life cycle
· Alternation of generations in plants
· Independent Assortment, Random Fertilization, Crossing Over
11. Mutations Worksheet
· Types of mutations
12. Mitosis & Meiosis: On the Table (lab activity - review)