ProfCarine Smith

Curriculum Vitae

Updated November 2013

1. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH

1.1 GENERAL INFORMATION
Surname / Smith
First names / Carine
Citizenship / South African / Title / Prof / Female / X / Male
Organisation / Stellenbosch University
Faculty / Science / Position / Associate Professor
Telephone number / 021-8084388 / Direct telefax number / 021-8083145
E-mail address /

1.2 ACADEMIC QUALIFICATIONS OBTAINED

Degree/
Diploma / Field of study / Higher education institution / Year
National Diploma
National Higher Diploma
BTech
MPhil
PhD / Medical Laboratory
Technology (cum laude)
Medical Laboratory
Technology (3 distinctions)
Biomedical Technology (cum laude)
Exercise Science
Physiological Sciences / Cape Technikon
Cape Technikon
Cape Technikon
Stellenbosch University
Stellenbosch University / 1993
1994
1996
1999
2004

1.3 WORK EXPERIENCE TO DATE

Name of employer / Capacity and/or type of work / Period
Provincial Administration of Western Cape – Tygerberg Hospital / Medical Technologist / Nov 1991 – Feb 1998
Stellenbosch University / Technical and Financial Officer / Mar 1998 – Jul 2007
Stellenbosch University / Lecturer / Aug 2007 – Dec 2009
Stellenbosch University / Senior Lecturer / Jan 2010 – Dec 2011
Stellenbosch University / Associate Professor / Since Jan 2012

2. TEACHING ACTIVITIES

2.1 COURSES PRESENTED
Course / Level / Self Developed
Blood 114 / First year / yes
Haematology 214 / Second year / yes
Physiology 214 – Digestive physiology I, II & III (practicals) / Second year / yes
Physiology 214 – Practical hematology (practical) / Second year / yes
Physiology 244 – Presentation skills I,II & III (practicals) / Second year / partially
Immunology 344 / Third year / yes
The Brain 314 / Third year / yes
Clinical Haematology 324 / Third year / yes
Physiology 314 – Anatomy & histology (practical module) / Third year / yes
Physiology 314 - Hematology / Third year / yes
Physiology 314 – Metabolic syndrome I & II (practicals) / Third year / partially
Physiology 314 – Spirometry (practical) / Third year / no
Physiology 314 – Basal metabolic rate (practical) / Third year / no
Physiology 344 – Exercise and metabolism (practical) / Third year / yes
Physiology 344 – Immunology (WebCT-based practical) / Third year / yes
Physiology 314 and 344 - Histology / Third year / no
Physiology 344 – Immunology (wet practical) / Third year / yes
Physiology 778 – Immunological techniques / BSc Hons / yes
Physiology 778 – Clinical immunology (tutorial) / BSc Hons / yes
Advanced Immunology 778 / BSc Hons / yes
Stress Physiology 778 / BSc Hons / yes
Exercise Immunology, endocrinology and hematology 887 / Mphil / yes
Laboratory safety and ethical aspects of human testing / Mphil / yes

3. OTHER TEACHING OUTPUTS

3.1Health and Safety workshop presented to new postgraduate students, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University (safe handling of biological samples, biological spills) (2010)

3.2Developed course content for course on “HIV in sport” (physiological perspective), used in community outreach initiatives by SUSPI (2010)

3.3Invited to lecture on Honours course at other departments at Stellenbosch University:

  • Dept of Sport Science

4. RESEARCH ACTIVITIES

4.1 FORMER SUPERVISION OR CO-SUPERVISION (Completed)
Name of Student / Degree / Title of dissertation / thesis and date / Supervisor / Co-supervisor / Duration of study
Honors
Chambers J-M / BScHons (Physiol Sci) / The effect of a competitive season on selected parameters of the immune system of professional soccer players / 2004 / C Smith / KH Myburgh / 1 yr
Doubell P / BMedSci(Hons) / The effect of glutamine supplementation of PBMC IL-6 secretion after acute high-intensity exercise / 2004 / C Smith / P Bouic / 1 yr
Visser JAK / BScHons (Biochem) / Modulation of glucocorticoid action by interleukin-6 in liver cells / 2007 / Dr A Louw / C Smith / 1 yr
Qwemesha G / BScHons (Physiol Sci) / The role of IL-6 in C2C12 skeletal muscle myoblast cell proliferation / 2007 / C Smith / KH Myburgh,
R Smith / 1 yr
Eiman S / BScHons (Physiol Sci) / Long term effects of TB on body composition changes in HIV-patients on antiretroviral therapy for longer than twelve months. / 2007 / KH Myburgh / C Smith / 1 yr
Van der Merwe AH / BScHons (Physiol Sci) / Apoptosis and atrophy of skeletal muscle in response to intermittent psychological stress. / 2007 / KH Myburgh / C Smith, A-M Engelbrecht / 1 yr
Fouche JP / BScHons (Physiol Sci) / Mitogen-activated protein kinase and inflammatory pathways involved in psychological stress-induced muscle atrophy in rat skeletal muscle and effects of exercise on recovery / 2007 / KH Myburgh / C Smith, A-M Engelbrecht / 1 yr
Viljoen M / BScHons (Physiol Sci) / Psychological, immunological and endocrinological aspects of the stress response to physical and psychological stressors. / 2007 / C Smith / KH Myburgh / 1 yr
Uys M / BScHons (Physiol Sci) / Cross-sectional analysis of selected health parameters in a semi-rural population
/ 2008 / KH Myburgh / C Smith / 1 yr
Janse van Vuuren M / BScHons (Physiol Sci) / The role of IL-6 in the acute stress response / 2008 / C Smith / 1 yr
Jordaan A / BScHons (Physiol Sci) / Metabolic syndrome risk profile in young vs. older populations in Stellenbosch / 2009 / MF Essop / C Smith / 1 yr
De Wet J / BScHons (Physiol Sci) / Inflammatory response to contusion injury: effect of post-injury antioxidant treatment / 2009 / C Smith / 1 yr
Pretorius GM / BScHons (Physiol Sci) / Immune-glucocorti-coid interaction in response to stress: effect of treatment with grape seed extract / 2009 / C Smith / 1 yr
Coetzer M / BScHons (Physiol Sci) / The effects of Sutherlandia frutescens on the ACTH and non-ACTH mediated regulation pathways during acute stress / 2010 / C Smith / 1 yr
Van Rensburg L / BScHons (Physiol Sci) / Lifestyle and inflammatory profiles of an older Stellenbosch campus population in association with the prevalence of risk factors associated with the metabolic syndrome / 2010 / C Smith / 1 yr
Van der Walt M / BScHons (Physiol Sci) / Longitudinal assessment of overtraining in rugby players 2011 / C Smith / KH Myburgh / 1 yr
Ngonyi R / BScHons (Physiol Sci) / Effects of housing conditions on immune status in research unit animals 2011 / C Smith / RM Smith / 1 yr
Meissner B / BScHons (Psychology) / Depression, anxiety and the metabolic syndrome in South African students: is there a link? 2011 / A Kagee / C Smith / 1 yr
Roos M / BScHons(Physiol Sci) Effects of Rooibos supplementation on central IL-6 secretion in response to stress 2012 / C Smith / 1 yr
McGeachie L / BScHons (Physiol Sci) African drumming: just music or also endurance exercise? 2012 / C Smith / 1 yr
Wurz J / Effects of PCO supplementation on inflammatory response to muscle injury / C Smith / KH Myburgh / 2013
MSc and Mphil
Williams AW / Mphil (Exercise Science)/ The effect of a strenuous 5-week provincial cricket schedule on physical performance capacity and immunological function of professional cricketers/ 2001 / C Smith / KH Myburgh / 2 yr
Neethling IG / MSc (Physiological Sciences) / The efficacy of the Sutherlandia herb and/or resistance exercise to alleviate the effects of a mild intermittent stress procedure/ 2005 / KH Myburgh / C Smith / 3 yr
De Bruto PC / Mphil (Exercise Scienc) / Monitoring of selected physiological parameters and quality of life in HIV-positive subjects over a 6-month period, in comparison with a control group of HIV-negative controls/ 2006 / KH Myburgh / C Smith / 2 yr
Kruger MJ / MSc (Physiological Sciences) / Antioxidant (OxiprovinTM) supplementation and muscle recovery from contusion injury – an in vivo study/ 2007 / C Smith / KH Myburgh
RM Smith / 2 yr
Viljoen M / MSc (Physiological Sciences) / Effect of blocking IL-6 on the response to short-term intermittent stress in rats / 2009 / C Smith / 2 yr
Moyen M / MPhil (Exercise Science) / Effects of ARV treatment on body composition in a HIV-positive female population / 2009 / KH Myburgh / C Smith / 2 yr
Visser JAK / MSc (Biochemistry) / Effect of modulators of inflammation on hepatic acute phase proteins and metabolic enzymes/ 2009 / A Louw / C Smith / 2 yr
Wolmarans WJ / MSc (Animal Sciences) / The effect of transport on live weight loss, meat quality and blood haematology in slaughter ostriches / 2010 / LC Hoffman / C Smith
T Brand / 2 yr
Janse van Vuuren M / MSc (Physiological Sciences) / Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis vs. the sympatho-adrenal medullary system in the acute response to psychological stress / 2010 / C Smith / 2 yr
Viljoen JT / MPhil (Exercise Science) / Short-term effects of grape seed extract supplementation in a model of plyometric exercise-induced muscle damage / 2010 / KH Myburgh / C Smith / 2 yr
Phiri TM / MSc (Physiol Sci) / Predictive value of gene mutations as a diagnostic tool for ART resistance in a Zambian population / 2012 / C Smith / RM Smith / 2 yr
Maine C / MSc (Human Nutrition) / The relationship between dietary intake, body composition and incidence of upper respiratory tract infections in triathletes during training and competition for the Ironman / 2012 / S Potgieter / C Smith / 3 yr
Delport C / MPhil (Exercise Science) / Mechanisms for decreased neutrophil infiltration after plyometric exercise-induced muscle damage and grape seed extract supplementation/ 2012 / KH Myburgh / C Smith / 2 yr
Robyn A / Mphil (Exercise Science) / Monitoring overtraining in rugby players over the course of a season / 2013 / C Smith / 5 yr
(part-time)
PhD
Kruger MJ / PhD (Physiol Sci) / Immune and satellite cells: important role players in muscle recovery after injury / 2010 / C Smith / KH Myburgh / 3 yr
Brand AN / PhD (Microbiology) / In vivo monitoring of the antimicrobial activity of nisin F against systemic Staphylococcus aureus infections / 2012 / LMT Dicks / C Smith / 3 yr
Potgieter S / PhD (Human Nutrition) / The effect of caffeine supplementation on Olympic distance triathletes and triathlon performance in the Western Cape region / 2012 / C Smith / H Wright
L Warnich / 3 yr
4.2 CURRENT POST-GRADUATE STUDENTS
Name of Student / Degree / Title of dissertation / thesis and date / Supervisor / Co-supervisor / Year of registration
Honors
To be announced
MSc
Africa L / MSc (Physiol Sci) / Preventative effects of two natural plant extracts on HIV-related neurodegeneration / C Smith / 2012
PhD
Schloms L / MSc (Biochemistry) / Effect of short-term oral Rooibos supplementation on the acute response to stress in rats / A Swart / C Smith / 2010 (upgraded from MSc end of 2011)
Viljoen M / PhD (Physiol Sci) / Correlations in adolescents between anxiety, childhood trauma, resilience and physiological determinants of health, both centrally and peripherally / C Smith / S Seedat / 2010
Hill (George) C / PhD (Medical Physiology) / The regenerative and anti-inflammatory capability of Prosopis gladulosa / B Huisamen / C Smith
D Dietrich / 2010

6. RESEARCH OUTPUTS

6.1Publications in peer-reviewed or refereed SCI journals

  1. Strauss JA de W, Myburgh KH, Kruger A, Smith C, Robson PJ. Pre-exercise glutamine supplementation could prevent decreases in postexercise serum glutamine following a single bout of intensive exercise. South African Journal of Sports Medicine 8(2): 12 – 16, 2001.
  2. Pool EJ, Robson PJ, Smith C, Van Wyk JH, Myburgh KH. In vitro interleukin-6 release in whole blood cultures in samples taken at rest from triathletes and professional rugby players. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology 87:233 –237, 2002.
  3. Williams AW, Myburgh KH, Smith C*. The effect of a professional cricket match schedule on selected immune parameters. South African Journal of Sports Medicine 16(2): 22 – 27, 2004.
  4. Smith C*, Myburgh KH. Treatment with Sutherlandia frutescenssubs. microphylla alters the corticosterone response to chronic intermittent immobilisation stress in rats. South African Journal of Science 100: 229–232, 2004.
  5. Prevoo D, Smith C, Swart P, and Swart AC. The effect of Sutherlandia frutescens on steroidogenesis: confirming indigenous wisdom. Endocrine Research 30(4): 745-751, 2004.
  6. Smith C*, Myburgh KH. Assessment of endocrine status in athletes: new twists to the tale. South African Journal of Sports Medicine 17(3): 19-30, 2005. (review)
  7. Smith C*, Myburgh KH. Are the relationships between early activation of lymphocytes and cortisol and testosterone influenced by intensified cycling training in men? Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism 31(3):226-234, 2006. (impact factor 1.567)
  8. Smith C*, PJ Erasmus, Myburgh KH. Effect of Dexamethasone injection on the endocrine and immune responses to unilateral knee-replacement surgery. Journal of International Medical Research 34(6): 603 – 611, 2006. (impact factor 0.665)
  9. Smith C*, Myburgh KH. Mountain-bike racing: the influence of glycogen status and glutamine supplementation on markers of the general stress and immune responses. South African Journal of Sports Medicine 18(4):67 – 73, 2006.
  10. Smith C*, NW Wilson, A Louw, KH Myburgh. Illuminating the interrelated immune and endocrine responses to chronic mild intermittent stress by in vivo blocking of IL-6. American Journal of Physiology: Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology 292:1439 – 1447, 2007 (impact factor 3.661)
  11. Engelbrecht A-M, Mattheyse M, Ellis B, Loos B, Thomas M, Smith R, Peters S, Smith C, Myburgh K. Proanthocyanidin from grape seeds inactivates the PI3-Kinase/PKB pathway and induces apoptosis in a colon cancer cell line. Cancer Letters 258(1):144 – 153, 2007. (impact factor 3.398)
  12. Smith C*, Kruger M, Smith RM, Myburgh KH. The inflammatory response to skeletal muscle injury: illuminating complexities. Sports Medicine 38(11): 947 – 969, 2008. (review) (impact factor 3.619)
  13. Smith C*, Essop MF. Gender differences in metabolic risk factor prevalence in a South African student population. Cardiovascular Journal of Africa 20(3):178 – 182, 2009.
  14. Engelbrecht AM, Smith C, Neethling IG, Thomas M, Ellis B, Matthysen M, Myburgh KH. Daily brief restraint stress alters signaling pathways and induces atrophy and apoptosis in rat skeletal muscle. STRESS, The International Journal on the Biology of Stress 13(2): 132 – 141, 2010. (impact factor 2.531)
  15. Visser JAK, Smith C, Louw A. Interplay of the inflammatory and stress systems in a hepatic cell line: interactions between glucocorticoid receptor agonists and interleukin-6. Endocrinology 15(11): 5279-93, 2010 (impact factor 4.752)
  16. Smith C*. The effects of Sceletium tortuosum in an in vivo model of psychological stress. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 133: 31-36, 2011 (impact factor 2.322)
  17. Kruger MJ, Smith C*. Post-contusion polyphenol treatment alters inflammation and muscle regeneration. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 44(5): 872-880, 2012 (impact factor 4.431)
  18. Myburgh KH, Kruger MJ, Smith C*. Accelerated skeletal muscle recovery after in vivo polyphenol administration. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 23: 1072-1079, 2012 (impact factor 4.8).
  19. Botha M, Botes M, Loos B, Smith C, Dicks LMT. Lactobacillus equigenerosi Strain Le1 invades equine epithelial cells. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78(12): 4248-4255, 2012.(impact factor 3.778)
  20. Hoffman LC, Wolmarans WJ, Smith C, Brand TS. Effect of transportation on ostrich (Struthio camelus) weight loss and meat quality. Animal Production Science 52: 1153-1162, 2012. (impact factor 0.986)
  21. Heunis TDJ, Smith C, Dicks LMT. Evaluation of a nisin-eluting nanofiber scaffold to treat Staphylococcus aureus-induced skin infections in mice. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 57(8): 3928 – 3935, 2013. (impact factor 4.565)
  22. Brand AM, Smith C, Dicks LMT. The effects of continuous in vivo administration of nisin on Staphylococcus aureus infection and immune response in mice. Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins (in press 2013, DOI 10.1007/s12602-013-9141-3)
  23. Kruger MJ, Myburgh KH, Smith C*. Contusion injury with chronic in vivo polyphenol supplementation: leukocyte responses. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise (accepted 2013, epub 16 July 2013, PMID: 23863619) (impact factor 4.431)
  24. Schloms L, Swart AC, Smith C, Storbeck K-H, Marnewick J, Swart P. Rooibos influences glucocorticoid and steroid ratios in vivo and in vitro: a natural approach in the management of stress and metabolic disorders? Molecular Nutrition and Food Research (accepted 2013, epub 11 Sept 2013, DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300463; PMID: 24022885) (impact factor 4.301)
  25. Smith C*, Janse van Vuuren M. Central and peripheral effects of Sutherlandia frutescens on the response to acute psychological stress. Experimental Biology and Medicine (accepted 2013) (impact factor 2.8)
  26. Smith C*, Viljoen JT, McGeachie L. African drumming: a holistic approach to reducing stress and improving cardiovascular health. Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine (accepted 2013)(impact 1.51)
  27. Smith C*, Essop MF. Influence of lifestyle choices on metabolic risks results in distinct gender- and age-differences. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Physiology. (accepted 2013)

6.2 Book chapters

  1. Smith C. Using rodent models to simulate stress of physiologically relevant severity: when, why and how (Chapter 10, pp 211-230). IN: Glucocorticoids: new recognition of our familiar friend. Editor X. Qian, InTech, Rijeka, Croatia, 2012 (ISBN 978-953-51-0872-6)

6.3Technical reports

  1. Research report prepared for Brenn-o-kem on results of contract research. “Chronic Oxiprovin treatment facilitates quicker recovery from skeletal muscle contusion injury in rats“ 2007
  2. Research report prepared for HL Hall & Sons on results of contract research. “Effects of Halex treatment on the stress response to intermittent immobilization stress in rats” 2008
  3. Research report prepared for Brenn-o-kem on results of contract research. “Acute Oxiprovin treatment facilitates quicker recovery from skeletal muscle contusion injury in rats“ 2011
  4. Research report prepared for Brenn-o-kem on results of contract research. “Oxiprovin treatment limits inflammation and alters monocyte phenotype expression“ 2013
  5. Research report prepared for Verve Dynamics on results of contract research. “Effects of Sceletium tortuosum on steroidogenesis”, 2013

6.4 Dissemination of research results in recent lay publications and media coverage

  1. “African drumming: just music, or also endurance exercise.” This project was a world first for research in the field of drumming, and was covered extensively by the media in July 2012:
  2. You tube:
  3. Die Burger website:
  4. Health24 5 July 2012
  5. Volksblad 17 July 2012
  6. Die Burger 17 July 2012
  7. I was also interviewed for a news bulletin first broadcasted on KykNet’s e-news on 16 July 2012

7. OTHER SCHOLARLY RESEARCH-BASED CONTRIBUTIONS

7.1Participation in conferences, workshops and short courses

7.1.1International (Oral presentations)

  1. Myburgh KH, Smith C. Does hypoxia during recovery from fatiguing exercise affect plasma lactate decay curves? 12th International Hypoxia Symposium, Jasper Park, Alberta, Canada, 2001
  2. Myburgh KH, Du Toit J, Smith C. Changes in performance and resting cortisol in response to 8 weeks of high intensity training. 50th Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, Saint Louis, Saint Louis, USA, 2002.
  3. Myburgh KH, Neethling IG, Smith C. Early increases in 20s Proteasome activity in fast and slow twitch muscle of rats exposed to moderate psychological stress. “New Directions in Biology of Disease of Skeletal Muscle” conference, Dallas, Texas, USA, 2006.
  4. Myburgh KH, Neethling IG, Smith C. Moderate intermittent physiological stress increases rat muscle 20s proteasome activity, but exercise can induce recovery. 54th Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, 2007.
  5. Kruger MJ, Smith C, Smith RM, Myburgh KH. Antioxidant supplementation enhances muscle recovery from contusion injury in rats. New Directions in Biology & Disease of Skeletal Muscle: 3rd Conference, New Orleans, USA, April, 2008.
  6. Myburgh KH, Qwemesha GP, Smith C, Smith RM. Integrative approach to determining the effects of the cytokine, Interleukin (IL)-6, on skeletal muscle cells in vitro. 56thAnnual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, 2009
  7. Swart AC, Schloms L, Smith C, Storbeck K-H, Swart P. Rooibos: a functional food in the management of metabolic disorders? Molecular Medicine Conference, Mahidol University Bangkok Thailand, December 2012
  8. Smith C. Treatment of acute muscle damage: a view from immune cells. 2013 ACSM Annual Meeting and World Congress on Exercise is Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, 2013. (Invited speaker at “Current issue” symposium)
  9. Swart AC, Schloms L, Smith C. Rooibos: a natural approach in the management of stress and metabolic disorders. XXth congress of AETFAT, 13-17 January 2014, Stellenbosch, South Africa.

7.1.2International (Poster presentations)

  1. Myburgh KH, Smith C, T Kohn. Responses of African and Caucasian runners to hypoxia. American Physiology Society: Congress for Integrative Biology of Exercise, Portland, Maine, USA, 2000.
  2. Myburgh KH, Smith C. Does hypoxia during recovery from fatiguing exercise affect plasma lactate decay curves? 12th International Hypoxia Symposium. Jasper, Canada, 2001.
  3. Swart AC, Prevoo D, Smith C, Swart P. The influence of the indigenous shrub Sutherlandia Frutescens (Cancer bush) on adrenal steroidogenesis. 11th Adrenal Cortex Conference. New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, 2004.
  4. Smith C, Myburgh KH. Mountain-bike racing: Glycogen status and glutamine supplementation effects on white blood cells and endocrine responses. 52nd Annual meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine. Nashville, Tennessee, USA, 2005.
  5. Smith C, Wilson NW, Louw A, Myburgh KH. The importance of IL-6 in the response to short-term intermittent immobilisation stress in rats, both in circulation and downstream: illuminated using an IL-6 antibody. 11th Annual Congress of the European College for Sport Science, Lausanne, Switzerland, 2006.
  6. Engelbrecht, A-M, Smith, C, Brooks, N & Myburgh, KH. Chronically elevated levels of phosphorylated p38 MAPK and ERK 44 in response to psychological stress in rodents. Life Science Conference, Glasgow, UK, July 2007
  7. Kruger MJ, Smith C, Smith RM, Myburgh KH. Antioxidant supplementation enhances muscle recovery from contusion injury in rats. American Physiological Society inter-society meeting: Integrative Biology of Exercise, Hilton Head, South Carolina, September 2008.
  8. Smith C, Pretorius GM, Kruger MJ. Acute post-injury supplementation with grape seed extract modulates the inflammatory response in favor of skeletal muscle recovery. 15th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science, Antalya, Turkey, 2010
  9. Schloms L, Storbeck K-H, Smith C, Marnewick JL, Swart P, Swart AC. The influence of Aspalathus linearis flavonoids on glucocorticoid biosynthesis. 36th FEBS Congress: Biochemistry for tomorrow’s medicine. Torino, Italy, June 2011
  10. Smith C, Kruger MJ, Myburgh KH. Inflammation-modulating effects of proanthocyanidolic oligomer supplementation in a model of contusion injury. Annual conference of the International Society for Exercise Immunology, Oxford, UK, July 2011
  11. Brand AM, Smith C, Smith RM, Dicks LMT. Immune response elicited in mice by nisin F administered intraperitoneally. 10th symposium on lactic acid bacteria. Egmond aan Zee, Netherlands, August 2011
  12. Botha M, Botes M, Smith C, Dicks LMT. Transition of probiotic lactic acid bacteria through the horse intestine and physiological changes recorded. 10th symposium on lactic acid bacteria. Egmond aan Zee, Netherlands, Aug 2011

7.1.3National (Oral presentations)