Chapter 18 Review Quiz

1. Before the scientific revolution, people seeking scientific information generally found it in

  1. The Bible
  2. Statements issued by the church
  3. The writings of Aristotle.
  4. The writings of St. Thomas Aquinas
  5. Chinese texts

2. Kepler’s relationship to the Copernican thesis was to

  1. Prove it by using the telescope
  2. Reject it as had his mentor Tycho Brahe
  3. Challenge it because it did not include the harmony of the spheres
  4. Provide mathematical proof for it
  5. Denounce Galileo for denying the church

3. Newton provided the theory to explain which of Galileo’s observations?

  1. That Jupiter has moons as Earth does
  2. That the moon’s surface is uneven and rough
  3. That the Milky Way is filled with stars
  4. That the moon is not perfectly spherical
  5. That bodies have a uniform rate of acceleration

4. Cartesian Dualism can be best described as the division between

  1. Truth and untruth
  2. Science and humanities
  3. Mind and matter
  4. Right and wrong
  5. The heavens and earth

5. Which was not a cause of the scientific revolution?

  1. The recovery of ancient mathematical texts during the Renaissance
  2. The search for the physical location of the soul within the body
  3. The patronage of princes and kings
  4. New technology
  5. The establishment of chairs in physics and mathematics at universities

6. Who first articulated the social usefulness of scientific knowledge?

  1. Galileo
  2. Bacon
  3. Kepler
  4. Newton
  5. Margaret Cavendish

7. The chief difference between the scientific revolution and the Enlightenment is

  1. The gender of the scientists, all male, and the philosophes, many female.
  2. The country in which it began
  3. The focus on scientific inquiry
  4. The religions of scientists and philosophes
  5. The attitude of the church

8. Which philosophe believed in popular sovereignty?

  1. Voltaire
  2. Montesquieu
  3. Rousseau
  4. Fontenelle
  5. Diderot

9. Descartes and Bayle would agree on the importance of

  1. Mathematics
  2. Doubt
  3. Empirical research
  4. Believing in God
  5. Constitutional monarchy

10. Locke’s concept of the tabula rasa was taken in the eighteenth century to mean that

  1. Humans were not born with original sin
  2. Public education ought to be established for all children
  3. Enlightened monarchy was the best form of government
  4. Rebellion was a natural right
  5. Parents could have little influence over their children

11. Madame de Chatelet’s importance in the Enlightenment was due to her role as

A. an important salonniere

B.  a correspondent of Catherine the Great

C.  Mistress of Voltaire

D.  Adviser to Peter the Great

E.  Translator of Newton

12. Which was a common practice of the enlightened monarchs?

  1. Abolition of serfdom
  2. Religious tolerance for Jews
  3. Public education
  4. Abolition of torture
  5. Re-establishing legislative assemblies

13. Catherine the Great’s effort at reform came to a virtual end when

  1. The nobles of Russia resisted
  2. Voltaire publicly criticized her, thus humiliating her
  3. The peasants rose in the Pugachev revolt
  4. Prussia declared war on Russia
  5. She was assassinated by a former lover

14. Diderot’s Encyclopedia

  1. Was published in its entirety in France
  2. Democratized knowledge
  3. Was read by a small amount of people because it was so expensive
  4. Had little technical information
  5. Was published in part by funds from Frederick the Great

15. The term reading revolution refers to

  1. Nearly universal literacy in the eighteenth century
  2. The new literacy of women
  3. The way of reading became private and silent
  4. The great expansion in the number and variety of newspapers during the Enlightenment.
  5. The public reading of the texts of the philosophes.