Questions for Spring Biology Review
1. A human liver cell and a human skin cell in the
same person have the same genetic sequences.
However, these cells are different because the
liver cell
A. has more dominant traits than the skin cell
B. can reproduce but the skin cell cannot
C. carries out respiration but the skin cell does not
D. uses different genes than the skin cell
2. Which diagram represents the relative sizes of the
structures listed below?
A / GeneB / Cell
C / Chromosomes
D / Nucleus
A B
C D
3. The weakest bonds in a double-stranded molecule
of deoxyribonucleic acid exist between the
A. deoxyribose sugars C. nitrogenous bases
B. phosphate groups D. 5-carbon sugars
4. What is an example of a molecule produced by
this type of process?
A glucose C a fatty acid
B glycogen D a protein
5. The molecule coded directly from DNA is represented
by number
A 1 C 3
B 2 D 4
6. The bond labeled 5, formed between two amino
acids, is known as
A a peptide bond C an ionic bond
B a hydrogen bond D a carboxyl bond
7. The process in which moleculle 1 is produced is
A. transcription C replication
B. translation D photophosphylation
8. Sequence the following in the correct order for
DNA replication
A. Attach new DNA bases using Polymerase
B. Unwind using Helicase
C. Two new DNA molecules form
A. A – B – CC. C - B - A
B. B - A - C D. B - C - A
9. A mutation may occur in a gene as a result of the
A synthesis of a spindle apparatus
B loss of a nucleotide
C loss of a nucleolus
D replication of centromeres
10. If an adenine nucleotide is deleted from a
nucleotide sequence in a DNA molecule, the
result is a
A clone C polypeptide
B mutation D hybrid
11. Which function of human blood includes the
other three?
A transporting nutrients
B transporting oxygen
C maintaining homeostasis
D collecting wastes
12. A chewing insect damages the vascular tissue of
a plant stem. This damage will most directly
affect the
A excretion of carbon dioxide by root cells
B conduction of water and minerals between
the roots and leaves
C synthesis of auxins in the roots
D diffusion of oxygen between root epidermal cells
13. In the chart below, which lettered section contains
incorrect information?
A. A C. C
B. B D. D
14. Three types of skin receptors are represented in the
diagram below.
Structure X is most likely
A a sensory nerve C a ganglion
B an effector D a tympanum
15. Earthworms move through soil by means of the
interaction of muscles and
A bones of an endoskeleton
B bristlelike setae
C appendages of an exoskeleton
D hairlike cilia
16. Which system is responsible for transporting
hormones from endocrine glands to various body
tissues?
A circulatory C excretory
B digestive D nervous
17. Which two structures are directly involved in
locomotion in humans?
A visceral muscle and fibrous tendons
B smooth muscle and ligaments
C skeletal muscle and bones
D cardiac muscle and immovable joints
18. Compared to the number of chromosomes contained
in a body cell of a parent, how many chromosomes
would normally be contained in a
gamete?
A the same number C one-fourth as many
B twice as many D half as many
19. Which reproductive method is involved in the
production of new organisms by all of the species shownbelow?
A budding C artificial selection
B inbreeding D vegetative propagation
20. In a certain species of mouse, gray fur (G) is
dominant over cream-colored fur (g). If ahomozygous gray mouse is crossed with a creamcoloredmouse, the genotype of the F1 generationwill most likely be
A 100% Gg
B 50% GG and 50% gg
C 25% GG, 50% Gg, and 25% gg
D 75% Gg and 25% gg
21. In a portion of a gene, the nitrogenous base
sequence is T–C–G–A–A–T. Which nitrogenous
base sequence would normally be found bonded
to this section of the gene?
A. A–C–G–T–A–A
B. A–C–G–U–U–A
C. A–G–C–T–T–A
D. U–G–C–A–A–U
22. Some of the concepts included in Darwin’s theory
of natural selection are represented in the diagrambelow.
Which concept would be correctly placed in box X?
A use and disuse C changes in nucleic acids
B variation D transmission of acquired traits
23. When penicillin was first introduced, it was very
effective in destroying most of the bacteria that
cause gonorrhea. Today, certain varieties of this
bacterium are resistant to penicillin. Which
statement best explains the appearance of these
resistant varieties?
APenicillin stimulated the bacteria to becomeresistant, and this resistance was passed to theoffspring.
B Penicillin killed the susceptible bacteria,while naturally resistant varieties survived andreproduced.
C Penicillin used today is not as strong as thepenicillin used when it was first introduced.
D Penicillin stimulated the production of antigens
in the resistant bacteria.
24. The DNA of a cell contains the genetic information of the cell and governs how the cell functions. What would you expect to observe if you compared the DNA from a cell of a frog with the DNA from a cell of a mouse?
a.The DNA from the frog would include different nucleotides.
b.The DNA from the frog would have the nucleotides in a different order.
c.The DNA from the frog would be in the cytoplasm of the cell.
d.The DNA from the frog would not contain adenine.
25. Which heart chamber pumps blood toward the
alveoli by way of the pulmonary arteries?
A. 1 C. 3
B. 2 D. 4
26. Which hormone stimulates the release of sugar
from the liver into the blood?
A. parathormone C. glucagon
B. insulin D. FSH
27. If only the ABO group is considered, an individual
with type A blood can safely receive a pint of
blood from a donor whose genotype is
A. IAIBC. ii
B. IbiD. IBIB
28. The chart below shows the classification of three organisms.
Certain categories are not shown.
Which two organisms are most closely related?
A. A and B
B. B and C
C. C and A
D. Not enough information is given to answer the question.
29. Gases move into intercellular spaces in leaves
through openings known as
A. stomates C phloem tubes
B. lenticels D. xylem tubes
30. A blockage of the spiracles in a grasshopper
would first affect the ability of the grasshopper
to
A. reproduce sexually C. exchange gases
B. synthesize proteins D. excrete ammonia
31. In earthworms, an inability to excrete some
nitrogenous wastes would indicate a malfunction
of the
A. setae C. Malpighian tubules
B. nephridia D. contractile vacuoles
32. Which structures in a human transmit
electrochemical messages?
A. veins C. neurons
B. lymphocytes D. nephrons
33. The diagram below represents a portion of a
nucleic acid molecule.
The part indicated by arrow X could be
A. adenine C. deoxyribose
B. ribose D. phosphate
34. The above diagram is an example of
A. polyploidyC. taxonomy
B. karyotypeD. phylogenetic tree
35. The person in the diagram is
A. A normal female
B. A female with Down Syndrome
C. A normal male
D. A male with Down Syndrome
36. The term “evolution” is best described as
A. a process of change in a population through
time
B. a process by which organisms become extinct
C. the reproductive isolation of members of certain
species
D. the replacement of one community by
another
37. Fossil records indicate that between 80 million
and 60 million years ago the structure of the
horned dinosaur frequently underwent rapid
changes separated by long periods of stability.
This pattern of change best illustrates the concept
of
A. use and disuse
B. punctuated equilibrium
C. gradualism
D. enzyme specificity
38. Limited resources contribute to evolutionary
change in animals by increasing
A. genetic variation within the population
B. competition between members of the
species
C. the carrying capacity for the species
D. the rate of photosynthesis in the population
39. Differences between the members of a population
will most likely be passed to future generations
if they are
A. due to genetic changes and result in unfavorable
variations
B. due to genetic changes and result in favorable
variations
C. not due to genetic changes and result in unfavorable
variations
D. not due to genetic changes and result in favorable
Variations
40. Which sequence shows a decreasing level of
complexity?
A. organsorganism cells tissues
B. organism cells organs tissues
C. cells tissues organs organism
D. organism organs tissues cells
41. To determine evolutionary relationships
between organisms, a comparison would most
likely be made between all of the characteristics
below except
A. methods of reproduction
B. number of their ATP molecules
C. sequences in their DNA molecules
D. structure of protein molecules present
42. Amphibia use the following for gas exchange
A. Tadpoles – lungs, Frogs – gills
B. Tadpoles – gills, Frogs – lungs
C. Tadpoles – gills, Frogs – lungs and skin
D. Tadpoles – lung, Frogs – gills and skin
43. Normally, when the concentration of glucose in
the blood falls below a certain level, stored glucose
reenters the blood until the original concentration
is reached again. This regulation of
the concentration of blood glucose is part of the
process known as
A synthesis C pinocytosis
B respiration D homeostasis
44. In most plants, specialized epidermal cells which
absorb water and minerals are found in the
A roots C lenticels
B stems D flowers
45. In a human, what is the ratio of the normal chromosome number in a nucleus produced by mitosis
to the normal chromosome number in a nucleus produced by meiosis?
A. 1:1 C. 3:1
B. 2:1 D. 4:1
46. In flowering plants, the ripened ovary develops
into a
A. seed C. fruit
B. cotyledon D. zygote
47. In the early stages of development, the embryos
of dogs, pigs, and humans resemble one another.
This observation suggests that these animals may have
A. a similar number of chromosomes
B. similar habitat requirements
C. the same blood components
D. a common ancestry
48. In grasshoppers and humans, locomotion is accomplished by means of
A. the interaction of muscles and jointed appendages
B. jointed chitinous appendages
C. a cartilaginous endoskeleton
D. the interaction of muscles and an endoskeleton