Civics & Economics SG Key

Ch. 2

1. What was the Enlightenment known as? “Age of Reason”

2. List & Define (3) Enlightenment thinkers and their theories? John Locke- Known for natural rights (life, liberty, and property) and the social contract theory (contract between the people and the government) wrote the two treaties of government and thought people were naturally good and reasonable. Baron de Montesquieu advocated for three branches of government (legislative, executive, judicial) where powers would be separated (separation of powers) and a system of checks and balances (ex: president can veto legislation) Hobbes- people are greedy, cruel, and bad.

3. What principles were set forth in the Magna Carta? Idea of limited government- This document from 1215 limited the power of the Monarch (King John)

4. What are natural rights? What writer proposed these rights? The right to life, liberty, and property. John Locke- found in the Declaration of Indep 1776.

5. What ideas are set forth in the social contract? This is a contract between the people and the government. The people will give up some of their rights in exchange for social order and protection.

6. What did Baron de Montesquieu propose? see # 2

7. What was the House of Burgesses? 1st representative government in Virginia AND/OR 1st colonial legislature of Virginia.

8. Who could vote during Colonial America? White male land owners

Label the following information:

New England (List colonies and significance)

-Mass., Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Conn.

**Economy based on fishing and shipbuilding

**Merchants and Industry

**Long and cold winters- very little farming

**public schools originated here

Middle (List colonies and significance)

**New York, Penn., New Jersey, Delaware

**Economy- farming, trade, and commerce

**Farming- wheat, barley, and rye

**Known as the “bread basket region”

Southern (List colonies and significance)

**Maryland, Virginia, NC, SC, Georgia

**Economy- farming (tobacco, rice, indigo, cotton, corn, etc)

**long and warm growing seasons/fertile soil

**heavy dependence on slave labor

**GA- last colony to form/poor people and debtors moved here

9. What was the time period of salutary neglect? Time period before the French and Indian War where Great Britain allowed the colonies to self-govern as long as GB was doing well economically

10. How can a country maintain a favorable balance of trade? Export more than you import

11. What was the Albany Plan of Union? 1754, “Join or Die” motto by Ben Franklin (tried to get the colonies to see the need to join together and create a federal union instead of acting like individual countries- it was rejected!)

12. What did the Navigation Acts state? A way of controlling trade- shipments had to go through British ports

13. How did colonists respond to the Stamp Act and Quartering Acts? Protest and Boycotts

14. Explain the Stamp Act and the Quartering Acts, what did they do? 1765 stamp act- required colonists to put an expensive tax on all printed and legal material (1st direct tax levied on the colonists) – Quartering Acts- required colonists to house and supply for the British troops who were sent here to enforce these unfair taxes.

15. What did colonists mean by the phrase “no taxation without representation”? Who quoted the famous phrase? James Otis, this phrase explained why the colonists felt the taxes were unfair because we were not being represented in british parliament (law making body of GB). We were paying for a war debt that we didn’t fight and we were not getting anything from it.

16. What are writs of assistance? Why were they important? General serach warrants to prevent smuggling of goods and not paying taxes to GB

17. What did the Proclamation of 1763 state? Colonists couldn’t settle WEST of the Appalachian Mountains (enraged farmers) this was the new land won after the French and Indian War.

18. Who wrote the pamphlet Common Sense? What did it state? Thomas Paine- why we should declare our indepenence

19. Who was the main author of the Declaration of Independence? Thomas Jefferson

20. What were the main arguments in the Declaration? “All men are created equal” (at least in theory) natural rights (government can’t take away from you), and social contract.

21. Which Enlightenment Thinker were beliefs drawn from in the Declaration of Independence? John Locke

22. Explain the motto in the Albany Plan of Union picture, Join or Die? Why is the snake chopped into pieces in the picture? What does it symbolize? The need to form a federal union and become ONE or fall to GB

23. What was the first tax that was levied on the colonist and enraged many colonist? 1765 Stamp Act

24. Explain the Boston Tea Party? What happened? What was protested? What was the result? 1773, colonists protested the tea act (making the British East India Company a monopoly over colonial merchants) by throwing 342 chests of tea into the Boston harbor. They dressed as Native Americans and after being caught GB demanded that they be paid for all the lost tea. The colonists refused so GB closed the Boston Harbor with the Intolerable Acts.

**Know your taxes and acts (Know charts 1,2,3)

**Know your major battles of the Rev. War (Lexington, Concord, Saratoga, Yorktown)

**Be able to explain from the French and Indian War period-Revolutionary War period

**Treaty of Paris, AOC, Shay’s Rebellion