World History: Lesson 34: Nineteenth Century Art

World History: Lesson 34: Nineteenth Century Art

Artist
•  ROMANTICISM: Roughly 1750 – 1850; Art designed to provoke a strong emotional response and to celebrate man as a creature of warm emotions rather than of cold logic; A rejection of the new science and reason of the Industrial Revolution; Often promoted patriotic sentiments or celebrated the awesomeness of nature / •  Gathered anthologies of Germanic folk tales
•  Published Grimms’ Fairy Tales beginning in 1812, with regularly updated editions every few years as they gathered more stories
•  Developed the “Byronic hero” which would become a hallmark of Romantic literature – a dark, brooding, and often violent hero who still has the ability for doing good and loving deeply
•  English novelist
•  Student of Lord Byron
•  Wrote Frankenstein
•  Charlotte: Wrote Jane Eyre
•  Emily: Wrote Wuthering Heights
•  Anne: Wrote Agnes Grey
•  French
•  Wrote Les Miserables and The Hunchback of Notre Dame
•  French
•  Wrote The Three Musketeers, The Man in the Iron Mask, and The Count of Monte Cristo
•  American
•  Wrote The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, Rip van Winkle
•  Perfected the short story as a serious genre
•  American
•  Wrote The Scarlet Letter
•  Wrote largely on man’s tendency to sin, resulting in his work being called “dark romanticism”
•  American
•  Wrote Moby Dick
•  Focus was primarily on sea yarns
•  American
•  Wrote many poems and short-stories in the horror genre: The Raven, The Black Cat, The Cask of Amontillado, The Fall of the House of Usher, The Pit and the Pendulum, The Murders in the Rue Morgue, The Tell-Tale Heart
•  German
•  Composer of 9 full symphonies as well as various other pieces
•  Highly experimental in his music, defying established classical conventions
•  Continued to compose music even after he had gone completely deaf
•  Polish
•  Most of his works are etudes for the piano
•  Much of his work celebrated his Polish heritage
•  German
•  Wrote mainly operas, most of which celebrated German history or folklore
•  Openly racist and anti-Semitic, his works would be re-popularized under the Nazi regime
REALISM: Art designed to show the world as it really is
•  Artists often sought to improve the situation of the poor by exposing the conditions in which they lived and worked / •  English
•  Wrote Oliver Twist, A Tale of Two Cities, Great Expectations, A Christmas Carol
•  Much of his work focused on the suffering of the poor in London
•  American
•  Wrote Tom Sawyer, Huckleberry Finn
•  American
•  Wrote The Red Badge of Courage
IMPRESSIONISM: Art designed to show only the impression of things, not the full details of realism / •  French
•  Considered the master of the Impressionist movement
•  Masterworks: paintings of Rouen Cathedral and Waterlilies
•  French
•  Many of his paintings were of ballet dancers
•  French
•  Many of his paintings were of the working poor
•  French
•  Painter and sculptor
•  Many of his paintings were of Parisian high society
POST-IMPRESSIONISM: Art has a variety of styles, usually using sharp lines, bright colors / •  Dutch
•  Considered the master of the Post-Impressionist era
•  Produced over 2000 pieces
•  Cut off his own ear due to depression, later committed suicide by shooting himself in the chest
•  Masterworks: Starry Night
•  French noble
•  Suffered from a growth disease (Toulouse-Lautrec Syndrome)
•  Many of his works focused on nightclubs like the Moulin Rouge
•  French
•  Masterworks: A Sunday on La Grande Jatte
•  French
•  Much of his later work was completed on the Pacific island of Tahiti
•  Norwegian
•  Developed a new form of Post-Impressionism called Expressionism
•  His work was denounced by the Nazis as “degenerate” and banned in the 1930s
•  Masterworks: The Scream