World History II Ms. Valentin
Essential Questions:
· What factors influenced CHANGE in the different societies we studies this year?
· What factors or forces bring about REVOLUTION? What makes revolutions successful? What makes them fail?
· What is NATIONALISM? How does it impact on a society or country?
· How did INDUSTRIALIZATION change the world?
· How did IMPERIALISM change the world?
· How did TECHNOLOGY impact on the political developments of the 20th century?
· Why did FASCISM, COMMUNISM and TOTALITARIANISM arise in the early 20th century?
· How did World War II impact on the global community (after 1945)?
· What GLOBAL ISSUES do we face in the 21st century?
Notes from class are essential in reviewing for the final. In addition, you may look at:
Text Readings:
Absolutism: Chapter 21
Enlightenment and Scientific Revolution: Chapter 22
The French Revolution: Ch. 23
The Spread of Nationalism and Revolution: Ch. 24
Industrialization: Ch. 25
Imperialism: Ch. 27 and 28
World War I: Ch. 29
Revolution in the early 1900s: Ch. 30
The World between the Wars: Ch. 31
World War II: Ch. 32
The Cold War: Ch. 33
Decolonization: Ch. 34
The Move toward Democratization / End of the Cold War: Ch. 35
Globalization / Global Issues Ch. 36
Absolutism:
· What are the main characteristics of absolutism?
· What factors led to the rise of absolute monarchs?
· What type of policies did absolute rulers generally establish?
· Why and how did the English monarchy develop differently?
Terms: Phillip II, Louis XIV, absolutism, Peter the Great and westernization, Charles I, English Civil War, Oliver Cromwell, glorious Revolution, Bill of Rights, constitutional monarchy
Enlightenment and Scientific Revolution:
· What caused the Scientific Revolution? What were its main achievements?
· Who were the main enlightenment thinkers and what were their ideas?
· What was the Enlightenment?
Terms: Copernicus, Galileo, Isaac Newton, Hobbes’ social contract, Rousseau and the Social Contract, Locke, Wollstonecraft, Montesquieu, Adam Smith and The Wealth of Nations, laissez-faire economics, philosophes, Voltaire, enlightened despots
French Revolution:
· What were the causes of the French Revolution? What was the main cause?
· How was the National Assembly formed?
· What were the accomplishments of the National Assembly?
· What were the results of the French Revolution? (social-political-economic)
· How were the French and American Revolutions similar?
Terms: Estates General, Old Regime, National Assembly, National Convention, Robespierre, Reign of Terror, Declaration of the Rights of Citizen and Man, Tennis Court Oath, Directory
Napoleonic Period
· What policies or actions did Napoleon carry out?
· How did Napoleon’s rule affect Europe?
· What was the main purpose of the Congress of Vienna?
· What was Metternich’s political agenda at the Congress of Vienna?
Terms: lycees, Continental System, Waterloo, Napoleonic Code, Balance of power, legitimacy, Holy Alliance, Concert of Europe
Nationalism:
· What is nationalism? How did nationalism affect politics in Europe and the rest of the globe in the early to mid 1800s?
· Who led these revolutionary / nationalistic movements?
· How were Italy and Germany similar in the 1800s?
Terms: peninsulares, creoles, mulattoes, Simon Bolivar, Toussaint L’Ouverture, Jose de San Martin, Miguel Hidalgo, conservatives, liberals, radicals, Otto van Bismarck, realpolitik, Franco-Prussian War, “blood and iron”, Count di Cavour, Garibaldi, Mazzini
Industrialization:
· What caused the Industrial Revolution?
· How did the Industrial Revolution change the way people lived? How did it affect society? Politics? Economics?
· What is socialism? What is communism? What is nationalization in this context?
Terms: Agricultural Revolution, entrepreneur, inventions in the textile industry, urbanization, patterns of change, corporation, capitalism, communism, socialism, Karl Marx
Imperialism:
· How did industrialization cause imperialism?
· Why did European nations colonize Africa and Asia in the 1800s? What were the most significant factors?
· How did imperialism occur? (methods)
· How did imperialism affect the colonizer? The colonized?
· Make sure to know the imperialism case studies of China, Japan, India, Latin America and Africa
Terms: colony, sphere of influence, protectorate, direct rule, indirect rule, White Man’s Burden, Social Darwinism, missionaries, Berlin Conference, Opium War, Treaty of Nanking, extraterritoriality, Open Door Policy, Commodore Perry, Treaty of Kanagawa, Monroe Doctrine, British East India Co., Sepoy Mutiny, British Raj, Roosevelt Corollary, Panama Canal, Platt Amendment, Spanish-American War, Meiji Restoration, Boxer Rebellion, Massacre at Amritsar
World War I:
· How did the attempt to maintain a “balance of power” help start WW I?
· What caused World War I? In what ways was this war different from those before it?
· How did World War I affect Europe? The globe (politics, economics, society)?
Terms: Triple Alliance, Triple Entente, Archduke Ferdinand, Gavrilo Princip, Schlieffen Plan, Central Powers, Allied Powers, unrestricted submarine warfare, the Lusitania, Zimmerman Telegram, armistice, Woodrow Wilson, Georges Clemenceau, Fourteen Points, Treaty of Versailles, League of Nations
THE WORLD BETWEEN THE WARS
Revolution
· What factors led to the Russian Revolution? Most significant?
· Why did the Russian peasants support Lenin?
· How did the Russian Rev. affect Russia and its people? The globe?
· Why did the Chinese have a Revolution in 1911? What role did Dr. Sun play in this? What was the main purpose of the KMT?
· Why did Mao and the Communists win in 1949?
· What policies did Mao implement to establish communism?
· Why did India achieve independence? How did they do so? What were the results?
Terms: Alexander III, pogroms, Nicholas II, Bolsheviks, Mensheviks, Bloody Sunday, Duma, March Rev., Kerensky, Nov. Rev., Lenin, Stalin, totalitarianism, command economy, 5 yr. plans, Great Purge, NEP, Sun Yixian, KMT (KMD), Mao Zedong, Jiang Jieshi, Indian National Congress, Muslim League, Gandhi, satyagraha
Fascism and Totalitarianism
· How were Stalin, Hitler and Mussolini similar?
· What factors led to the rise of fascism?
· How did Hitler carry out his racial policies?
· How were Italy, Germany and Japan similar in the 1930s?
· What was the basis of Hitler’s lebensraum policy?
· How did western nations respond to Hitler? Was it wise?
Terms: Mein Kampf, Nazism, appeasement, Munich Conference, Franco, Third Reich, isolationism
WW II:
· What factors led to WW II?
· How did WW II affect the world? (social, political, economic)
Terms: nonaggression pact, blitzkrieg, de Gaulle, Churchill, Battle of Britain, Atlantic Charter, Lend-Lease Act, Yamamoto, Pearl Harbor, Battle of Midway, MacArthur, Kristallnacht, Nuremberg Laws,”Final Solution”, genocide, ghettos, Eisenhower, Stalingrad, D-Day, Battle of the Bulge, kamikaze, Nuremberg Trials, demilitarization, atomic bombing
The Cold War:
· What factors led to the Cold War after World War II?
· How did imperialism affect the development of these conflicts?
· How did decolonization movements affect the development of the Cold War?
· Generally, how did these conflicts play themselves out? What are the patterns?
· How did Cold War conflicts in one region affect those in other neighboring regions? [Give examples]
· How successful were the U.S. and U.S.S.R. in achieving their goals?
· What factors led to the collapse of Communism?
Cold War (Cont.):
Terms: U.N., iron curtain, containment, Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, NATO, Warsaw Pact, brinkmanship, U-2 incident, Mao Zedong, Jiang Jieshi, commune, Red Guards, Great Leap Forward, Cultural Revolution, Deng Xiaoping, Four Modernizations, Tiananmen Square, Hong Kong, Korea / 38t,h Parallel, Douglas MacArthur, Ho Chi Minh, domino theory, Ngo Dinh Diem, Vietcong, Vietnamization, Khmer Rouge, Cambodia’s “killing fields”, Third World, nonaligned nations, Fidel Castro, Khrushchev, destalinization, Anastasio Somoza, Daniel Ortega, Ayatollah Khomeini, Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlevi, Storming of the US Embassy, Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, Leonid Brezhnev, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B Johnson, détente, Nixon, SALT, Reagan, Star Wars, Gorbachev, perestroika, glasnost, Lech Walesa, Solidarity, fall of the Berlin Wall, Boris Yeltsin, collapse of the USSR
Decolonization:
· What factors led to decolonization of Africa, Asia and Latin America?
· How did decolonization affect global politics?
Terms: India, Pakistan, Gandhi, satyagraha, Ali Jinnah, Indian National Congress, Ali Jinnah, partition, Jawaharlal Nehru, Indira Gandhi, Rajiv Gandhi, Benazir Bhutto, negritude movement, Kwame Nkrumah, Jomo Kenyatta, Mau Mau, Balfour Declaration, Six-Day War, Suez Crisis, Anwar Sadat, Golda Meir, Menachem Begin, Camp David accords, PLO, apartheid, Nelson Mandela, Bishop Desmond Tutu, Gorbachev, glasnost, perestroika, Solidarity, Lech Walesa, reunification, Boris Yeltsin, ethnic cleansing, Deng Xiaoping, Four Modernizations, Tiananmen Square, Hong Kong
Global Issues:
· What issues challenge the globe today?
· How are some countries / global regions attempting to solve these problems?
Terms: internet, Green Revolution, developed v. developing nation, globalization, multinational corporation, free trade, fair trade, global warming / climate change, sustainable development, Gulf War, terrorism, fundamentalism, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, proliferation, Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, human trafficking, drug trafficking