INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT…OUTLINE FOR TAKING NOTES

CHILD DEVELOPMENT NAME: ______

1. ______development refers to the development of a person’s mental and thinking abilities.

2. The brain is made up of nerve cells called ______, the majority of which were present at birth. Not every nerve cell can do every job in the body; they are task specific. (when nerve cells in the brain are permanently destroyed, the function they provided may be permanently lost unless other brain cells elsewhere miraculously take over the function)

3. Neurons are hooked together with connections called ______. The number of connections results from:

A. ______

B. ______

THE GREATER THE NUMBER OF NEURONS AND SYNAPSES,

THE GREATER THE ______TO LEARN!

4. A ______is a critical period between birth and about the age of 10, in which the brain connections reach their peak. After that time, the brain starts eliminating inactive neurons. The body’s ability to create new neurons, especially after the age of 10, is severely limited if not impossible.

5. If a neuron (nerve cell) is eliminated or destroyed, it is gone forever. It cannot re-grow. Name several things that can permanently damage or destroy neurons:

A. ______

B. ______

C. ______

D. (diseases)______

6. Alfred ______developed the intelligence test that is the basis for those still used today.

7. ______or "IQ," is the ratio of "mental age" to chronological age.

8. An IQ score indicates the ______or learning size of the brain…the brain’s potential to learn. It does not measure what actual learning has taken place.

9. ______is defined as the capacity for verbal and numerical reasoning.

10. 50% of the world’s population will score in the ______range on an IQ test, which is average intelligence.

11. David ______continued Binet’s work, developing his own intelligence scales for adults and children. He also studied the degree of probable error when administering or taking the test. This degree of error is calculated as a :

______

12. If a subject scored a 102 on an intelligence test, with a standard deviation of 3, that means that it’s possible that the subject’s score might be as low as ______or as high as ______.

13. When working with statistics, it is helpful to compare one person’s scores to others within a group. You can do this two ways:

A ______score falls directly in the middle of a range of scores.

An ______score is determined by adding all scores in the range together and dividing by the total number of scores.

14. ______is the preferred term today to describe individuals with an IQ score below 70. There are 4 levels of handicap, listed from least- to most-handicapped:

A. ______(considered educable)

B. ______(considered trainable)

C. ______

D. ______

15. ______tests measure what has actually been learned, rather than the capacity or potential for learning. You might want to think of intelligence scores as the “size of the bucket”. Achievement test scores measure how much water you put in the bucket!

16. A ______exists when there is a 20 point discrepancy between IQ and achievement test scores. This disability is simply some type of “roadblock” or barricade to learning; it can never be cured.

17. Students experiencing “roadblocks” are eligible for ______services in the public school system. Name several other conditions that would qualify an individual for these services:

A. ______

B. ______

C. ______

D. ______

18. ______or IDEA is the law enacted by the federal government guaranteeing that ALL children, regardless of physical, mental or emotional handicap, are entitled to a free, appropriate public education in the least restrictive environment.

19. ______of federal and Nebraska state law outlines special education services, which are available to eligible individuals from age birth to ______. A written outline of services determined and implemented as appropriate for a specific child is called an:

______( IEP )

20. Developmental psychologist Jean ______developed a 4 stage theory of cognitive development.

The term ______means “thinking” and relates to the process of acquiring knowledge by the use of reasoning, intuition, or perception, and organizing it through language, mental imagery, reasoning, problem-solving, and memory.

21. The 4 stage theory of cognitive development includes:

A. ______(ages birth thru 2 typically)

It is important in this stage of learning to provide stimuli for all the senses: seeing, hearing, smelling, feeling, and tasting. The ability to receive and use information from thesenses is called:

______

B. ______(ages 2-7 typically)

At this stage the child does not use logic or think abstractly. They concentrate on

one thing at a time and solve problems by pretending and imitating.

C. ______(ages 7-11 typically)

The logical thinking necessary to solve problems and make decisions is called:

______

It begins to occur at this stage, and makes it possible for children to understand the

principles of :

______(mass and volume don’t change just because the size and shape of the container change)

Children in this stage can make categories and sort items, and can understand the idea that operations can be reversed (such as subtraction).

D. ______(ages 12-15 typically)

The individual in this stage can think about what might have been the cause of the event without having experienced that cause. This ability allows problem-solving just by thinking.

22.______(ADHD) is a neurological disability characterized by inappropriate degrees of: inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Research indicates some genetic links affecting frontal lobes of the brain that are responsible for persistence, planning, impulse control, and foresight.

23. ______is a code made up of rules that include what words mean, how to make words, how to put them together, and what word combinations are best in what situations. The oral form of language is called:

______

24. ______is the ability to see and understand the use of written language and to write and read.

25. ______language skills include the ability to understand words in accord with chronological age. Language skills that include the ability to express oneself verbally are called:

______

26. According to patterns of language development, which word would baby probably say first?

Mama or Dada

Why?

______