I.  Commas- Restrictive/Nonrestrictive- Directions: Study these rules and their examples. Know the clue words that indicate non-restrictive/restrictive clauses.

(WHICH, THAT, who, whom, whose)

Type / Rule / Example
Nonrestrictive
Hint: WHICH needs commas (,)
Punctuation: Can be commas (,); dashes (–); or parenthesis ( ) / A phrase or clause that is not needed in a sentence. Doesn’t take away from the meaning. / All farmers growing the new hybrid corn, which is weed resistant, should have a good harvest.
Restrictive
Hint: THAT does not / Adds info that makes the noun or pronoun it identifies more specific. / The turtle that was crossing the street slowly was in danger.

1. Read each sentence below and determine if it is punctuated correctly. Explain your answer.

A. Only the students, who completed their work, got good grades.

Commas must be removed because the phrase is needed.

B. The players whose coaches inspired them went to the championship tournament.

This sentence is correct.

C. The star, that is blue, is the hottest in this constellation.

Commas must be removed because the phrase is needed.

D. Ecuador, which is nearest the equator, is warm all year long.

This sentence is correct.

2. Which sentence below is NOT punctuated correctly? Justify your answer.

A. Nonrestrictive elements, also known as parenthetical elements, are often set off by commas. This sentence is correct.

B. Nonrestrictive elements—which don't change the meaning—are sometimes set off by dashes. This sentence is correct.

C. Nonrestrictive elements (also known as parenthetical elements or non-essential clauses) are sometimes enclosed in parentheses. This sentence is correct.

D. Nonrestrictive elements, which add information to the sentence, should always be set off by commas, dashes, or parentheses. Commas are needed for this nonrestrictive phrase.

II.  Pronouns/Antecedents- Directions: Complete the pronoun graphic organizer using the pronouns below.

He Me Our Their They You I Mine Ours Theirs Us Your

It My She Them We Yours His Her Its Hers Him

Pronoun Case / Subjective
Singular Plural / Objective
Singular Plural / Possessive
Singular Plural
1st Person / I we / me us / mine our
my ours
2nd Person / you you / you you / your your
yours
3rd Person / he they
she
it / him them
her
it / his their
her theirs
hers
its

Read each sentence below determine if each sentence demonstrates correct use of pronoun case. If the sentence is incorrect rewrite it using correct pronoun case.

1. Carl and I went bowling on Friday. (This sentence is correct).

2. Me and Carl will go again next week. (Me should be changed to I. I is subjective).

3. Carl and her went to the tournament last month. (Her should be she. She is subjective).

4. Us adults went golfing instead of going bowling. (Us should be we. We is subjective).

5. This is mine book bag. (Mine should my).

6. The squirrel hid it’s nuts. (Its – it’s = it is)

7. The students agreed to study them tests. (Them should be their).

Directions: Read the group of sentences and then, choose the sentence that should be revised because it contains an inappropriate shift from third to second person?

1. (1) In the series “Walking Dead” Rick and his group are always facing danger. (2) Also, they have to avoid masses of zombies that threaten their lives, and you have to be worried which of their friends will be killed next. (3) Finally, by the end of the episode the drama builds and everyone is separated from each other and they don’t know if they will make it back. (4) These are some of the reasons why the show is so difficult to watch.

A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

2. (1) Starbucks coffee is known to be an addictive drink. (2) The price of each special additive makes the drinks very expensive. (3) Reportedly, some customers spend hundreds of dollars a month trying to get their daily fix. (4) You realize that if you gave up this coffee you could probably go on a nice vacation and spend quality time with your family. (5) Instead, loyal customers line up daily to get their fix.

A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

Grammar Summative Study Guide

III.  Word Parts- Directions: Go to http://www.prefixsuffix.com/rootchart.php and determine the meaning of the prefix or suffix.

Prefix/Root/Suffix / Meaning / Prefix/Root/Suffix / Meaning
able/ible/table / possible to / ist / person
aster/astr / star / ject / throw
ceed/ced / to go / lax / not tense
cred / believe / loc / place
de / down away / log/logo/ology / study word say
dic / speak say / port / carry
dis/in/un / not / post / after
ed / past / pre / before
graphy / write draw / re / again
ing / In the present / scrib/script / write
ion/ation/tion / state of / trans / across change

Directions: Using the chart above, deconstruct the following words and determine its meaning.

1.  Re lax ation: again not tense state of

2.  Un able: not possible

3.  Trans port ation: across carry act of

Directions: Use the chart above to help determine the meaning of the underlined words.

1.  Alice was dejected when she lost her tennis match.

away throw past

2.  Jeffery was responsible for the encouraging postscript at the bottom of my test.

after write