1. Which of these is not a characteristic of science?
  2. Testable
  3. Predictable
  4. Visible
  5. Measurable
  6. A and C
  7. B and C
  1. The two types of reasoning used in science are inductive and deductive reasoning. Assume that you are a biologist studying the animals in a certain community for the first time. The first animal you study is a lizard that seems to have special adaptations for water conservation. Based on this finding, you hypothesize that all of the other animals in this habitat will have adaptations related to water conservation as well. You have just used:
  2. Inductive reasoning
  3. Deductive reasoning
  4. Neither. This is not a scientific process.
  1. List two pieces of evidence for endosymbiotic theory.
  1. Land M are ______. The circle represents a ______group.
  2. Similar taxa, monophyletic
  3. Twin taxa, polyphyletic
  4. Sister taxa, paraphyletic
  5. Paired taxa, paraphyletic
  1. Which endosymbiotic even occurred first: mitochondria or chloroplasts?
  1. Explain antibiotic resistance as Lamarck and Darwin would have. Which is the accepted view today?
  1. Draw a generic plant lifecycle and label where mitosis, meiosis, and fertilization occur. Distinguish between haploid and diploid portions of the cycle.
  1. T/F As plant complexity increases, dependence on the diploid portion of the life cycle increases
  1. Name the major change that occurred in plants that allowed them to colonize land.
  1. Which is not a major change that occurred upon formation of vascular plants?
  2. Dominant sporophyte
  3. Small gametophyte
  4. Sporophyte is dependent on gametophyte
  5. Lignin – for support of structure
  6. All are vascular plant adaptations
  1. What does vascular mean in reference to vascular plants?
  2. These plants are larger and do not depend on water for fertilization.
  3. They have a dominant sporophyte.
  4. They contain xylem and phloem for transport of materials throughout their structure.
  5. All of these are adaptations of vascular plants.
  1. Which of the following explains why the sporophyte is dominant in vascular plants?
  2. Sporophytes could become larger
  3. Sporophyte was independent of gametophyte
  4. Development of vascular tissues for nutrient transport
  5. Large branched sporophyte meant more spores = better survival
  6. All of the above
  1. A small multicellular structure containing a food source, a fertilized egg, and an outer protective layer describes:
  2. A seed
  3. An ovary
  4. An ovule
  5. A and C
  6. A and B
  1. Which is not an advantage of seeds?
  2. Internal food supply
  3. Desiccation tolerant
  4. Larger than naked spores
  5. Easier to disperse via abiotic and biotic methods
  1. Which is an example of co-evolution?
  2. Two species inhabit the same area during the same time period and both experience changes over that time.
  3. Predation by species A causes a change in species B
  4. A flower contains sweet nectar that entices hummingbirds to come causing them to pick up pollen.
  5. Species A experiencing anagenesis while species be experiences cladogenesis
  1. T/F Double fertilization occurs in all species which produce seeds.
  1. Protostomata means “first mouth”. What embryonic process does this refer to? What is the result in the adult?
  1. Name the four chordate characteristics. Why are humans part of chordata, but we do not possess all four characteristics?
  1. Classify a dog based on body symmetry, # of tissue layers, body cavity type, and their embryonic development. Based on this classification scheme, are dogs a very advanced animal?
  1. T/F All animals posses tissues.
  1. What change takes place between chordates and vertebrates?
  2. Have a spinal column that encloses spinal cord
  3. An endoskeleton that grows with the animal
  4. Closed circulatory system
  5. Pronounced cephalization
  6. All of the above
  1. Which of these is a modification in birds necessary for flight?
  2. Honeycomb bone structure
  3. Beak
  4. Specialized brain functions for in-flight balance
  5. Single organ systems (i.e. one kidney instead of two)
  6. C and D
  7. A and D
  1. What is reproductive effort? Do parasites have a high or low reproductive effort?
  1. T/F Parasites are very tough organisms and generally can take whatever abuse the host immune system can give them without any special adaptations.
  1. Annelids have an closed circulatory system, and a hydrostatic skeleton. Describe each of these terms.
  1. Which of these characteristics is not attributed to arthropod’s success?
  2. Closed circulatory system
  3. Segmented body
  4. Hard exoskeleton
  5. Jointed appendages
  1. Uncontrolled cellular growth in a small location surrounded by a fibrous layer with no metastasis defines a:
  2. Benign tumor
  3. Malignant tumor
  4. Cancer
  5. Mitosis
  1. Define sister chromatids, homologous chromosomes, chromatin, centrosome.
  1. When and how does crossing over take place? How does this relate to the phenomenon of linked genes?
  1. In a cross between two flowers where one is red and one is white, and both are homozygous for their trait, what will be the phenotypic ratio of a cross assuming codominance?
  1. What is heterozygote advantage? How does it influence genetic variability?
  1. Assume a sex linked trait and a female who has the trait on both x chromosomes. What are the probabilities that her son will have the trait? Her daughter?
  1. Write yourself a test question, then turn to a person next to you, and ask them the question. If they didn’t answer how you did, or if you didn’t know the answer in the first place, we’ll talk about it as a group.