Which of the Following Is Not a Step in the Endosymbiosis Theory Process?

Chapter 30

1. Which of the following is not a step in the endosymbiosis theory process?
2. Host cell supplies bacterium with protection and carbon compounds.
3. Archaeal cell surrounds and engulfs bacterium
4. Host cell supplies bacterium with ATP
5. Bacterium lives within host archaeal cell
6. A and C
7. All the above
8. None of the above

1. Which of the following serves as evidence for the endosymbiosis theory?
2. Mitochondria have their own genomes, which are organized as linear molecules
3. Mitochondria have triple membranes, consistent with the engulfing mechanism of origin.
4. Mitochondria replicate by Meiosis, as do bacterial cells.
5. Mitochondria are about the size of an average a-proteobacterium.
6. Mitochondria have their own ribosomes, which are distinct from bacterial ribosomes.
7. A and D
8. B and C
9. A and E
10. All the above
11. None of the above

1. Which of the following statements is true concerning the relationship between mitochondrial DNA and the DNA of its host cell, compared to the relationship of mitochondrial and bacterial DNA?
2. Mitochondrial DNA is more closely related to bacterial DNA than its host cell’s DNA.
3. Mitochondrial DNA is less closely related to the gene sequences of a bacterial species compared to its host cell.
4. Mitochondrial DNA is neither closely related to its host cell’s DNA nor bacterial DNA.
5. Mitochondrial DNA is more closely related to its host cell’s DNA than bacterial DNA.
6. A and C
7. B and D
8. All of the above
9. None of the above

1. Which of the following statements is true about diplomonad nuclei?
2. Have two nuclei that look identical.
3. Have a polyploid macronucleus where transcription occurs.
4. Have chromosomes that lack histones and attach to the nuclear envelope.
5. Have a diploid micronucleus that is involved only in reproduction.
6. Have a diploid micronucleus where transcription occurs.
7. All of the above
8. None of the above

1. Which of the following is a part of the nuclear envelope origin process?
2. Histone proteins seal plasma membrane surroundings.
3. Infoldings of the plasma membrane surround the chromosomes.
4. Mitochondrial chromosomes give rise to the nuclear envelope and synthesize the sequence for plasma membrane development.
5. Infoldings form endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope.
6. A and C
7. B and C
8. C and D
9. B and D
10. A and D
11. All the above

1. Which of the following statements is not true?
2. Alveolatans have small sac-like structures called alveoli located just under the plasma membrane.
3. Foraminiferans have a cell wall made of glucose.
4. Diatoms are surrounded by a glass-like, silicon-dioxide cell wall.
5. Dinoflagellates have a cell wall made of cellulose.
6. All of the above
7. A and B
8. C and D
9. A, B, and C
10. B, C, and D

1. What is a possible method used by protists to obtain food?
2. Photosynthesis
3. Absorptive feeding
4. Ingestive feeding
5. Phagocytosis
6. B and C
7. C and D
8. All the above
9. None of the above

1. Which of the following statements is true?
2. Amoeboid motion involves structures called Pseudopodia which stick to a substrate and pull the cell forward.
3. Amoeboid motion is a sliding movement observed in some protists
4. All protists use the same form of locomotion.
5. Amoeboid motion is a swimming movement produced by the whipping of the flagella.
6. Amoeboid motion requires ATP
7. A and B
8. A, B, and D
9. A, B, C, and D
10. A, B, and E
11. All the above

1. Which of the following statements is true?
2. Asexual reproduction is based on meiosis and fusion of gametes.
3. Sexual reproduction results in genetically distinct daughter cells.
4. Sexual reproduction results in genetically identical daughter cells.
5. Sexual reproduction is based on mitosis and cell division in eukaryotic organisms.
6. Sexual reproduction is based on fission in bacteria and archaea.
7. A and D
8. C and D
9. D and E
10. All the above
11. None of the above

1. In individuals that are haploid:
2. Individuals have two of each set of each type of chromosome inside each cell.
3. Individuals have one of each type of chromosome inside each cell.
4. Individuals have three of each type of chromosome inside each cell.
5. The symbol (2n) is used to signify the amount of each type of chromosome present inside each cell.

Chapter 33

1. Approximately how many animal species have been described and given scientific names?
2. 2.5 million
3. 900 thousand
4. 3.2 billion
5. 1.4 million
6. 700

1. Which of the following is a key trait shared by all animals?
2. All animals obtain the carbon compounds they need from other organisms.
3. All animals are unicellular
4. All animals move under their own power at some point in their life cycle.
5. All animals are multicellular.
6. All animals including sponges have neurons (nerve cells) and muscle cells.
7. All animals obtain the carbon compounds they need by producing it themselves via processes such as photosynthesis.
8. A, C, and D
9. C, E, and F
10. A, C, D, and E
11. A, B, C, and E

1. Which of the following correctly matches the embryonic tissue with the adult tissue it forms?
2. Endoderm – Skin and nervous system
3. Mesoderm – Lining of the digestive tract
4. Ectoderm – Muscle, circulatory system, bone, most organs
5. Ectoderm – Lining of the digestive tract
6. A and C
7. A and D
8. A, B, and C
9. A, C, and D
10. All of the above
11. None of the above

1. On the tree of life, what is a unique quality of animals that distinguishes them from fungi?
2. Animals are the only multicellular heterotrophic organisms.
3. Animals are the only heterotrophic organisms.
4. Animals are the only multicellular heterotrophic organisms that are carnivorous.
5. Animals are the only multicellular heterotrophic organisms that digest their food and absorb nutrients.
6. A and D
7. C and D
8. A and C
9. All of the above
10. None of the above

1. Which of the following is a type of data used to study the evolution of animals?
2. Comparative morphology
3. Fossils
4. Comparative genomics
5. All of the above
6. None of the above

1. Sponges contain which type of nervous system?
2. Nerve net
3. Central nervous system
4. Anterior nervous system
5. Ganglia
6. B and D
7. C and D
8. A and D
9. All of the above
10. None of the above

1. In protostome development:
2. The anus develops before the mouth
3. Neither the anus nor the mouth develop
4. The mouth develops before the anus
5. The mouth and the anus develop at the same time

1. Cephalization is:
2. The formation of a distinct anterior region where structures for feeding, sensing the environment, and processing information are concentrated.
3. The formation of a distinct posterior region where structures for the release of nitrogenous waste, maintaining normal functionality of the body, and in special cases, processing information are concentrated.
4. The formation of a nervous system that allows information from the environment to be processed.
5. A process in earthworms in which the coelom is developed.
6. None of the above

1. In which organism(s) would bilateral symmetry been seen?
2. Octopus
3. Sea star
4. Sponge
5. Earthworm
6. Jellyfish
7. A and D
8. C and D
9. B and E
10. A, B, and E
11. None of the above

Chapter 34

1. Which of the following phyla are within the subgroup ecdysozoa?
2. Mollusca
3. Arthropoda
4. Annelida
5. Platyhelminthes
6. Nematoda
7. A and C
8. D and E
9. B and E
10. A, C, and D
11. All of the above

1. Which of the following is a unique morphological trait that defines lophotrochozoa?
2. Have a circular pattern of cleavage in embryos.
3. Have an outgrowth of the body wall called a mantle, which covers the visceral mass.
4. Have a feeding structure called a photrophore.
5. Have a type of larva called a trochophore.
6. A and B
7. B and C
8. A and D
9. C and D
10. All of the above

1. Which of the following was an adaptation required for protostomes to thrive on land?
2. Avoid drying out
3. Hold up their bodies under their own weight
4. Exchange gases
5. Reproduce sexually
6. A and C
7. C and D
8. A, B, and C
9. B, C, and D
10. All the above
11. None of the above

1. Which of the following make the statement correct?

Protostomes are:

1. Polyphyletic
2. Monophyletic
3. Paraphyletic
4. Heptaphyletic
5. Tetraphyletic
6. None of the above

1. Which of the following contribute to the occurrence of the diversification of animal body plans?
2. Artificial selection within a population
3. The generation of new genes over time
4. The changing of the expression pattern of existing genes
5. Morphological changes to select individuals within a population
6. A and B
7. C and D
8. A and C
9. B and C
10. B and D
11. All the above
12. None of the above

1. What is the function of flame cells in flatworms?
2. Initiating the inflammation process in response to an injury.
3. Digesting prey after the engulfment process.
4. Removing waste materials.
5. Paralyzing prey to allow for attachment and gulfing host tissues and fluids.
6. All of the above
7. None of the above

1. Mass feeders:
2. Have long sticky tentacles that reach across a surface and deliver organic particles to the mouth.
3. Use an appendage called a proboscis that has sharp fangs to impale prey.
4. Have feathery mouthparts that capture plankton.
5. Use bisected cleavage to surround and engulf a large quantity of prey.
6. None of the above

1. What is a method of annelid reproduction?
2. Asexual reproduction by fission
3. Sexual reproduction by Spermatogenesis
4. Asexual reproduction by gametogenesis
5. Sexual reproduction Internal cross-fertilization
6. A and C
7. B and D
8. A and D
9. B and C
10. None of the above

1. Which of the following is a feature defining arthropods?
2. Exoskeleton
3. Segmented body
4. Jointed appendages
5. A and B
6. B and C
7. A and C
8. All of the above
9. None of the above

1. Which of the following defines holometabolous metamorphosis?
2. A type of metamorphosis in which the animal completely changes its form.
3. A type of metamorphosis in which the larva resembles the adult animal.
4. A type of metamorphosis in which the animal increases size from one stage to the next, but does not dramatically change its body form.
5. A type of metamorphosis in which the animal is born an adult.

Chapter 35

1. Which of the following is a trait that distinguishes vertebrates?
2. Jaw
3. Vertebrae
4. Cranium
5. Sexual reproduction
6. A and B
7. B and D
8. B and C
9. A, B, and C
10. B, C, and D
11. All of the above

1. Echinoderms are______, and deuterostomes are______.
2. Paraphyletic; Monophyletic
3. Monophyletic; Monophyletic
4. Polyphyletic; Paraphyletic
5. Monophyletic; Paraphyletic
6. Polyphyletic; Polyphyletic

1. Which if the following chordates do not have a backbone?
2. Lancelets
3. Hagfish
4. Tunicates
5. Lungfish
6. A and C
7. B and D
8. A and D
9. B and C
10. All of the above

1. What trait(s) identify echinoderms as a monophyletic group?
2. An endoskeleton of calcium carbonate
3. Radial symmetry in juveniles
4. A water vascular system
5. Bilateral symmetry in adults
6. A and C
7. B and D
8. All the above
9. None of the above

1. Which of the following is not a morphological feature present at some stage in the life cycle of ALL chordates?
2. Pharyngeal gill slits
3. Dorsal hollow nerve cord
4. Notochord
5. Post-anal tail
6. All of the above
7. None of the above

1. Animals that have a placenta are:
2. Oviparous
3. Avaviviparous
4. Ovoviviparous
5. Viviparous

1. Which of the following is an advantage to having a placenta?
2. The mother does not have to carrying the offspring.
3. Offspring develop at the same varying temperatures that mother is exposed to, which helps build the offspring’s immunity.
4. Offspring are protected
5. More offspring are able to be produced.
6. A and C
7. B and D
8. B, C, and D
9. A, C, and D
10. All of the above
11. None of the above

1. Which of the following is an adaptation that made flight for birds more efficient?
2. Birds are light for their size
3. The feathers of birds have a keratin-like solution allowing for increased aerodynamics
4. The projection on bird sternum called a keel
5. Birds are endothermic
6. A, B, and C
7. B, C, and D
8. A, C, and D
9. A, B, and D
10. All of the above

1. Which of the following is a characteristic that distinguishes mammals?
2. Endothermy
3. Predation
4. Brain size
5. Parental care
6. All of the above
7. None of the above

1. Which of the following is a major lineage of mammals?
2. Marsupiala
3. Monotremata
4. Eutheria
5. Testudinia
6. A and B
7. A and C
8. A, B, and, C
9. All of the above
10. None of the above

1. Which of the following describes how feathers were an innovation in the first feathered dinosaurs?
2. Provided insulation
3. Used as a defense mechanism via camouflage
4. Used for mating displays
5. Used as predation tool for acquiring prey
6. Provided the lift, power, and steering needed for flight
7. A, B, and C
8. A, C, and E
9. C, D, and E
10. All of the above

Unit 1

1. Which of the following is a fundamental trait of life?
2. Energy use and metabolism
3. Cell theory
4. Replication
5. Information
6. Evolution
7. A and C
8. D and E
9. A, C, and E
10. A, C, D, and, E
11. All of the above

1. Which of the following is a macromolecule that makes up a cell?
2. Proteins
3. Lipids
4. Nucleic Acids
5. Carbohydrates
6. A and B
7. A and C
8. B and D
9. All of the above

1. Which of the following statements is correct?
2. Fungi are more closely related to plants than animals.
3. Animals are more closely related to plants than fungi.
4. Animals are more distantly related to plants than fungi.
5. Fungi are more closely related to animals than plants.
6. B and D
7. A and C
8. C and D
9. None of the above

1. Which of the following statements is true?
2. Bacterial DNA and Eukaryotic DNA have the same shape.
3. Bacterial DNA is single-stranded
4. Bacterial cells have multiple chromosomes
5. Bacterial DNA is linear
6. All of the above
7. None of the above

1. What is a derived trait?
2. A characteristic that is a modified form of the ancestral trait
3. A characteristic that existed in an ancestor
4. A trait found in two or more taxa, that is present in their most recent common ancestor, but is missing in more distant ancestors
5. An evolutionary unit that includes an ancestral population and all of its descendants
6. All of the above
7. None of the above

1. Which of the following statements is correct?
2. Eukarya are more closely related to Bacteria than Archaea
3. Archaea are more closely related to Eukarya than Bacteria
4. Bacteria are more closely related to Archaea than Eukarya
5. None of the above
6. All of the above

1. Which of the following statements is correct?
2. Protists are a polyphyletic group
3. Protists are a monophyletic group
4. Protists are a paraphyletic group
5. All of the above
6. None of the above

1. What protist species is responsible for algal blooms (Red Tides)?
2. Plasmodium
3. Giardia
4. Leishmania
5. Dinoflagellates