When a man’s knowledge is not in order, the more knowledge he has, the greater will be his confusion.
Herbert Spencer
Organization
A.Organization consists of 2 things:
1. Plan = mental effort, continuous throughout process
2. Outline = recording a visualization of the plan
B.Characteristics of a Good Planner
1. Planning is flexible, in that he initially creates many choices
2. Weighs choices carefully, discarding weak ones
3. Makes new choices as new ideas and information come to him
4. Places his final choices in effective relationships to each other
5. Willing to revise or abandon a plan that turns out poorly
6. Planning, is always controlled by a major purpose.
C.Advantages of Outlining
- It provides for you, the speaker, a visual strategy for the recall of the material
to be presented
- It provides an aid, for both you and your teacher, to evaluate a proposed
speech.
- Becomes a permanent record, for both you and your teacher, for use in
recalling your speech at a later date.
D.Major Parts of a Speech
I.Introduction
a. Attention getter
b. Announce subject
c. Reveal purpose
d. Tell why it concerns audience
e. Indicate main points
II.Body
a. Main points
b. Sub-divisions
c. Supporting details
d. transitions - linking devices
III.Conclusion
a. A summary of main points
b. Review purpose
c. Appropriate closing device
E.Outlining Guidelines
1. Roman-Arabic System
a. Roman Numerals - introduction, body, conclusion
b. Capital Arabic Letters - main points in body
c. Small numbers - sub points
d. Small letters - supporting material
2. Capitalization
a. First word of each main point
b. First word of each sub-division
3. Indentation
a. Each main point consistently
b. Each sub-division consistently
4. No single subdivision -- if there’s an “a”, there must be a “b”
5.Precautions
a. Main points equal in value
b. Supporting material must apply to main points
c. Points must be equal in weight
F.Types of Organization
1.Chronological -- ideas arranged in the order they happened
2.Spatial -- arrangement based on physical or geographical location
3.Topical -- arrange ideas according to general topics
4. Problem-solution -- body of speech is broken into two sections: first presenting the problem, secondly, offering a solution
5.Cause-effect -- body of speech has two sections:
first explains reasons for a condition, second gives results
THE MAN IN THE GLASS
When you get what you want in your struggle for self
And the world makes you king for a day,
Just go to the mirror and look at yourself,
And see what that man has to say.
For it isn’t your father, mother or wife
Whose judgement upon you must pass;
The fellow whose verdict counts most in your life,
Is the one staring you back from the glass.
Some people may think you a straight-shootin’ chum
And call you a wonderful guy,
But the man in the glass says you’re only a bum,
If you can’t look him straight in the eye.
He’s the fellow to please - never mind all the rest,
For he’s with you clear up to the end.
And you’ve passed your most dangerous, difficult test
If the man in the glass is your friend.
You may fool the whole world down the pathway of life
And get pats on your back as you pass.
BUT your final reward will be heartaches and tears,
If you’ve cheated the man in the glass.
REMEMBER: Organization is the Key to Success
Steve Wiltgen, Winona H.S
Name Period
*** ORGANIZATION WORKSHEET ***
Fill in the blank:
1. To be a good organizer you must and your speeches.
2. The beginning of a speech is the , the main part is the
, and the ending is the______.
3. When using the suggested Roman-Arabic system of labeling; the introduction, body, and conclusion would be represented by , the main points by ______the sub points by , and the supporting sub points (details) by .
4. In outlining, precautions should be taken to assure that main points are equal in
, and that must apply to the main points.
5. In the outline, the first word of each new point and subdivision should be
, and each main point and subdivision
, in a consistent manner.
6. Be careful! In outlining, you must be sure that each item supports the
, of which it is a part.
7. No proper outline shows a sub-division, so if there is an “a”,
there must be a .
Listing
1.What are the six characteristics of a good planner?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
2.What are the three advantages of outlining?
a)
b)
c)
3.What are the five tasks the speaker has to complete in the introduction
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
4.What are the four divisions contained in the body of the speech?
a)
b)
c)
d)
5.What are the three items contained in the conclusion of the speech?
a)
b)
c)
Short Answer - Definitions
1)What is the chronological type of organization?
2)What is spatial type of organization?
3)What is topical type of organization?
4)What is problem-solution type of organization?
5)What is the cause-effect type of organization?
SPEECH Organization ExerciseNAME______
Rearrange the following points into a three-part Roman-Arabic outline.
The Introduction and Conclusion will have three points each and the body will have four points.
a. There is an abundance of social life at the beach.
b. A vacation at the beach need not involve major expenses.
c. III. Conclusion
d. To convince the audience that a beach is the best place for a summer vacation.
e. Review the main points of the speech.
f. Open with a beachcomber story.
g. II. Body
h. Remind listeners that your purpose is to get them to a beach when summer comes.
i. I. Introduction
j. “Where else can you get so much for so little? --Come join us at the beach!”
k. There is personal satisfaction in feeling healthy, vital, and suntanned.
l. The beach offers a variety of recreational activities.
m. Preview main points: variety of recreational activities, good social life, rewards of health and appearance, moderate expenses.
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
______
SCRAMBLED OUTLINE EXERCISE KEY
i. I. Introduction
f. Open with a beachcomber story.
d. To convince the audience that a beach is the best place for a summer
vacation.
m. Preview main points: variety of recreational activities, good social life, rewards
in terms of health and appearance, moderate expenses.
g. II. Body
l. The beach offers a variety of recreational activities.
a. There is an abundance of social life at the beach.
k. There are personal satisfactions in feeling healthy, vital, and suntanned.
b. A vacation at the beach need not involve major expenses.
c. III. Conclusion
e. Summary of the main points of the speech-body.
h. Remind listeners that your purpose is to get them to a beach when summer comes.
j. End with some device. For example: “Where else can you get so much for so little? Come join us at the beach!”