TestBooklet
Subject:SC,Grade:08
3rdQtr:TransfersandTransformationof
Energy
Studentname:
Usetheinformationbelowtoanswertwoquestions.
HairDryer
Thehairdryerinthecrosssectiondiagrambelowtransformsonetypeofenergyintoothertypesofenergy.
1Wirecoilsinthehairdryerbecomehotwhenin use.
Whatenergytransformation occursinthewire coils?
Aelectricaltoheat
Bheattomechanical
Cchemicaltomechanical
Dmechanical toelectrical
2Whatpartofthehairdryerchanges electricalenergyintomechanical energy?
Amotor
Bswitch
Cwirecoils
Dfanblades
3Alightbulbtransformselectricalenergyintolight energy.
Alightbulbalsotransforms electricalenergyinto
Aheatenergy
Bpotentialenergy
Cmagnetic energy
Dmechanical energy
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4Electricityhasmanyuses.
Whichdeviceisdesignedtotransformelectricalenergyintousefulheatenergy?
Aaclockradio
Banelectricstove Canelectricmotor Dabatterycharger
5Inahealthyforest,deadtreesandlimbsfalltothe groundanddecompose.Whichofthesestatements bestdescribeswhydecompositionisimportantto aforestecosystem?
ANutrientsarereleasedwhenwoodisbroken down.
BWormsproduceoxygenusedbyotherorgan- isms.
CDeadtreesprovidenestsitesformanydifferent speciesofbirds.
DWaterisstoredindeadtreesandlimbs.
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6
Agrasslandcommunity ispicturedabove.Grassesare considered—
Asecondaryconsumers
Bprimaryconsumers
Cdecomposers
Dproducers
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7Theillustrationsshowsoccer ballsofdifferent massesbeingkicked withequalforce.Whichball willhavethegreatestacceleration?
A
B C
D
8During aspacewalk, anastronautletsgoofatool, causingittofloatawayandbounceoffthesideof thespaceshuttle. Whydoestheastronautseethe toolhittheshuttlebutnothearit?
ALightwavescannottravelthrough avacuum.
However, soundwavescan.
BSoundwavescannottravelthroughavacuum.
However,lightwavescan.
CNeithersoundnorlight waves cantravel throughavacuum.
DBothsoundandlightwavescantravelthrough avacuum.
9Sonarisatoolthatusessoundwavestomeasure thedepthoftheocean. Sonar bouncessound wavesoffoftheocean’sfloor. Thetimetaken forthesoundwavetoleaveashipontheocean’s surfaceandreturnfromtheocean’sfloorcanbe usedtodeterminethedepthoftheocean.
Thechartbelowshowsthesonarreadingsfrom fourdifferentshipsmovingoverthesurfaceofthe oceanduringa1-hourperiod.
Whichshipmovedcontinuouslyfrom shallowto deeperwater?
AShipA BShipB CShipC DShipD
10Which of the following is an example of refraction?
AA mancombshishairwhilelookingina mirror.
BAwomanfeelswarmwearingblackonabright day.
CAmanthinksafishinwateriscloserthanit reallyis.
DAroom withbrownwallsbecomesbrighter when itispainted white.
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Usetheinformationbelowtoanswer threequestions.
Ethanol
Ethanolisatypeofalcoholmadefromplants.Sugarcaneandcorn,whicharebothusedinfoodssuchascereals andbreads,areusedtomakeethanol.Burning ethanolprovidesacleansourceofenergybecausetheproductsof ethanol arewaterandcarbondioxide.Therefore,mixingethanol withgasolinereducesharmfulwasteproducts.
Inthe1970s,manyBraziliansdrovecarswithenginesthatusedanethanol-gasolinemixture. Thisalternative fuelconservedthelimited supplyofgasoline availableatthat time.Inthe1990s,gasolinebecamecheaperthan ethanol, andBraziliansreturned todriving moregasoline-fueledcars.Recently,Braziliansstarteddriving morecarsthatuseanethanol-gasoline mixture.
11Howmight anincreaseduseof alternativefuelin
Brazilaffectpeopleinother countries?
AConsumersinothercountrieswouldbuylarger cars.
BFarmersinothercountrieswouldincreaseseed production.
CWorkersinothercountrieswouldwalkinstead ofdrivingcars.
DChildreninothercountries wouldhave in- creasedrespiratory problems.
12Whichgroupwouldbenefitmostifdriversinthe
United Statesfueled
theirvehicleswithanethanol-gasoline mixture?
Acropfarmers Boilcompanies Cgrocerystores
Dcarmanufacturers
13Ethanolisagoodalternativefuelbecauseit
Areducesairpollution
Bincreasesbiodiversity
Creducessoundpollution
Dincreasesozoneemissions
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Usetheinformation and themapbelowtoanswer threequestions.
ProposedHousingDevelopment
Themapshowsasiteforaproposedhousingdevelopmentnearatown.Awastewatertreatment plantforthe housingareawillbebuiltalongthestream,between the proposeddevelopmentandthe landfill.Thestreamflows throughasaltwatermarshandintoariver.The riveremptiesintoanestuary,similartotheChesapeakeBay.
14Natural processeshavebeeneroding thestreambanksneartheproposedhousingdevelopment site.
Howwillthehousingdevelopmentmostlikelyaffectthestreambanks?
ADecreasedrunoff fromthedevelopmentwillincreasetheerosionofthestreambanks.
BDecreasedrunoff fromthedevelopmentwillstoptheerosionofthestreambanks.
CIncreasedrunoff fromthedevelopmentwillincreasetheerosionofthestreambanks.
DIncreasedrunoff fromthedevelopmentwilldecreasetheerosionofthestreambanks.
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15Whichoutcomewillmostlikelyhaveapositive effectontheenvironmentofthetowndownstreamfrom theproposeddevelopment?
Aincreasedtrafficonlocalroads
Bdecreasedmarshlandformarshorganisms
Cdecreasedlanddevotedforhumanrecreation
Dincreasedawarenessofhumanimpactonthearea
16Whichofthesesolutions bestdescribeshowto reducethenegativeenvironmental effectsofthe proposeddevelopment?
ADevelopwetlandstoabsorbchemicalsinthe runoff.
BPlantlargerlawnsaroundhousesin the development.
CBuildconcretedrainagestreamstohelpwater flowfaster.
DConstructseveralsmallroads insteadofafew largeones.
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17Whenfireworksexplode,theycreatelightwavesandsoundwaves.Aninvestigationisperformedtostudy thedifferencesbetweenthetwotypesofwaves. Threecamerascapableofrecordingaudioandvideoare setupatsafenearbylocationsinclear viewofthefireworks.
·Camera1isplacedinan openfield.
·Camera2isplacedinavacuum-sealed glasscontainer.
·Camera3isplacedbehindsheetsofpolarizing glassthatblockelectromagneticwaves.
a.)Identifywhetheraudioonly,videoonly,orbothaudioandvideoofthefireworkswillberecordedby
eachcamera.
b.)Explaineachofyouranswersforpart (a).
Supposeacamerarecordsbothaudioandvideo.
c.)Willthelightorthesoundfromthefireworksberecordedfirst?Explainyouranswer.
18The diagrambelowshowstwowaves.
Whichstatementbestcomparesthewaves?
AWave1hasagreateramplitudethanWave2.
BWave1hastallercreststhanWave2.
CWave2hasahigherfrequencythanWave1.
DWave2hasagreaterwavelength thanWave1.
19Whatcausesablueblock toappearblueinthesunlight?
ATheblockabsorbsallblue light.
BTheblockbends(refracts)allblue light.COnlyblue lightisreflected bytheblock. DOnlyblue lightpassesthrough theblock.
20Thepicturebelowshowsthedifferentpositionsofaskierassheisliftedtothetopofaslopeandthenskis downtheother side.
Thepicturebelowshowsthedifferentpositionsofaskierassheisliftedtothetopofaslopeandthenskis downtheother side.
ATheskierlosespotential energyassheislifteduptheslopeandlosespotential energyassheskisdown theslope.
BTheskiergainspotential energyassheislifteduptheslopeandmaintainsthesamepotential energyas sheskisdowntheslope.
CTheskiergainspotential energyassheislifteduptheslopeandlosespotential energyassheskisdown theslope.
DTheskierlosespotential energyassheislifteduptheslopeandgainspotential energyassheskisdown theslope.
21Abaseballrestsonatabletopasshowninthediagrambelow.
Whattypeofpotentialenergyisstoredinthebaseballbasedonitspositionon thetable?
Aheat
Bchemical
Celastic
Dgravitational
22Thediagrambelowshowswhathappenswhenzincreactswithhydrochloricacid.
Whichofthesebestdescribestheenergytransformation thatoccursduringthisreaction?
AThermalenergy→kineticenergy
B Kineticenergy→potentialenergyC Chemicalenergy→thermalenergy
DPotentialenergy→chemicalenergy
23Apendulumswingsbackand forthseveraltimes, asshowninthediagrambelow.Assumefrictionis negligible.
Whichofthefollowinggraphsbestillustrates thepotentialenergy(PE)andthekineticenergy(KE) ofthependulumoveraperiodofseveralswings?
A
B
C
D
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Usetheinformationbelowtoanswertwoquestions.
RenewableandNonrenewableResources
AllnaturalresourcesonEarthareeitherrenewableornonrenewable. Whetheraresourceisrenewableor nonrenewabledependsonhowfastorslowtheresourceisreplaced.Iftheresourceisusedfasterthanitis replaced,thentheresourcewill,intime,disappear.
24Whichstatementdescribestheuseofarenewable natural resource?
AAhomeburnsnaturalgasforheat.
BAcityburnscoaltogenerateelectricity.
CA farmerplantsdifferenttypesofcropsto protectthesoil.
DAconstruction crewbuildsaroadfromrock, sand,andgravel.
25Whichactivityshowstheuseofanonrenewable natural resource?
AAgroup ofpeopleswimsinariver.
BAconstructioncrewbuildsanironbridge.
CAfarmer growsvegetablestosellatalocal market.
DAperson bakes acake withelectricitypro- ducedbyahydroelectric powerplant.
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26Usethepicturebelowtoanswerthisquestion.
a.)Identifythreedifferentformsofenergyinthepicture.
b.)Tellwhere orhoweachformisshown.
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27Whichstatement bestexplains thedifference betweenlightwavestraveling through avacuum andlightwavestraveling throughamedium?
ALightwavestravelingthrough avacuum are transverse,butlightwavestraveling througha mediumarelongitudinal.
BLightwavestraveling throughavacuumtravel fasterthanlightwaves travelingthrougha medium.
CLightwavestraveling throughavacuumhave nomass,butlightwavestraveling through a mediumhaveamassgreaterthanzero.
DLightwavestraveling throughavacuumhave ashorterwavelengththanlightwavestraveling throughamedium.
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Usethepower-plantdiagramsandinformationbelowtoanswertwoquestions.
PowerPlants
AnelectricpowerplantinToledo,Ohio,ispoweredbycoal(seeFigure1).The coalisburnedtoboilwaterand producesteam.Thesteamturnsaturbine, which causesthegeneratortoproduceelectricity.
ThepowerplantinBelleville,WestVirginia,ishydroelectric(seeFigure2).Waterfromthelakebehindthedam fallsontheturbine blades.Theturbine turns,which causesthegeneratortoproduceelectricity.
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28Thehydroelectricplant(Figure2)usesarenew- ableenergyresource.
Whichstatementdescribeswhythisresourceis consideredrenewable?
AHeated waterturnstheturbine.Theusedwater flowsupstreambackdirectly intothelakeandmaybeusedagainrightaway.
BFalling waterturnstheturbine.Theusedwater flowsupstreambackdirectly intothelakeand maybeusedagainrightaway.
CHeatedwaterturnstheturbine.Thewateris returnedtotheriverdownstream, soitmay continue inthe watercycle.
DFallingwaterturnstheturbine.Thewateris returnedtotheriverdownstream, soitmay continue inthe watercycle.
29Whichdescribesachemicalchangeandaphysical changethattakeplaceduringtheproductionof electricityinthecoal-firedpower plant(Figure1)?
AThecoalmovingalongtheconveyorbeltis a chemicalchange.
Thecoalburningtogiveoffheatandcarbon dioxide gasisaphysicalchange.
BThecoalburningtogiveoffheatandcarbon dioxide gasisachemical change.
Theboiling waterturningtosteamisaphysical change.
CTheboiling waterturningto steamis a chemicalchange.
Thesteam turningtheturbineisa physical change.
DThesteamturningtheturbineisachemical change.
Theturbinerunningthegeneratortoproduce electricityisaphysicalchange.
30Whichisa majoradvantage of usingenergy sourcessuchassunlight, windandrunningwater insteadoffossil fuels,suchascoalandnatural gas?
ASunlight,windandrunningwateraremuch moreefficientthanfossilfuels.
BSunlight,windandrunning waterarerenew- ableandavailableindefinitely.
CSunlight,windandrunningwateraremuch lessexpensivetousethanfossilfuels.
DSunlight,windandrunning watercanbeused at anygeographicallocation.
31Howdocoalandthesuncompare assourcesof energy?
ACoalisrenewable,andthesunisrenewable.
BCoalisrenewable, andthesunisnonrenew- able.
CCoalisnonrenewable, andthesunisrenew- able.
DCoalisnonrenewable, andthesunisnonre- newable.
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32AclassisstudyingelectricityandhowitisproducedinOhio.Thestudentsmakethetablebelowtoshare informationaboutenergysources.
Whichstatementidentifies anonrenewableenergysourcefromthetableandcorrectly explainswhythis sourceisconsiderednonrenewable?
ABiomassisnonrenewable becauseoncethewastematerial isusedup,thereisnowaytoproduce additionalwastematerial.
BPetroleumisnonrenewable becausethereisafixedamountofoilundergroundandnewpetroleumtakes millionsofyearstoform.
CSolarenergyisnonrenewable becausethereisonlyonesuninthesolarsystemandthereisno replacementwhenthesunisusedup.
DWindenergyisnonrenewable becausetheairpressuredifference required toproducewindisnot availableatalltimesatalllocations.
CrossSectionofRockLayers
Aquarryisan openpitfromwhichrockcanbeobtained bydigging,cutting,orblasting.Thequarryshown belowcutsthroughseverallayersofsedimentarylimestonerock,labeledWthroughZ.Someoftherockfromthe quarryiscrushedtomakegravelofvarioussizes.Therockandgravelareusedintheconstructionofbuildings androads.Largedieselmachinesandtrucksremovetherockandgravelandtransportittoconstructionsites.
33Beforethequarrywasdug,thelandcontainedmorevegetation.Whatimpacthasthischangemostlikely hadon thelocalecosystem?
ALargerpredatorpopulations
BAlowernumberofproducers
CAgreaternumberofherbivores
DAsmalleramountofavailablecarbondioxide
34Atthequarry,soilwasremovedtogettothe rocklayersunderneath.Whichpartoftheenvironmentwas probablyleastaffectedbythissoilbeing removed?
AAir
B Groundwater CRunoffwater DPlants
35Dieselfuelis usedintheenginesofthemachinesandtrucksatthequarry.Whichoftheseis themain energytransformationasthefuelisusedbytheengines?
AElectricalenergyisconvertedtoheatenergy.
BHeatenergyisconvertedtopotentialenergy.
CElectricalenergyisconvertedtokineticenergy.
DChemicalenergyisconvertedtokineticenergy.
36Whichof thefollowing uses only renewable energy?
Aabattery-powered radio
Bagasoline-engine car
Canatural-gas stove
Dasolar-heated shower
37Lisalearnedthattheremaybea linkbetween globalwarming andstronger hurricanes. She decided tofollow theseguidelines inorderto reducelevelsofcarbondioxide(CO2).
·Walkmore.
·Userecycledpaper.
·Useenergy-efficient appliances.
· Usefluorescentbulbsinstead ofincandescent bulbs.
Whichstatementlogicallyexplainswhetherthese methodsareusefulindecreasingglobalwarming?
AThesemethodsarenotusefulbecausetheyall releaseCO2intotheatmosphere.
BThesemethodsarenotusefulbecausetheyall releaseheatenergyintotheatmosphere.
CThese methods areusefulbecause theyall reducetheamountofCO2releasedintothe atmosphere.
DThese methods areusefulbecause theyall reducetheuse ofrenewable energy sources insteadoffossilfuels.
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38The followingchartshowstheweatherinthesamecityontenrandomdayslastyear.
WeatherduringtheLastYear
Whichstatementdescribestheweatherpatternshownonthechart?
AWeatherisnotaffectedbythemonthorseason. B Weathergetswarmerthroughouttheentireyear. CWeatherchangesfromday todayandbyseason.
DWeatherchangesmoreofteninthewintermonths.
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39Comparethetwoweathermaps:
Inwhichdirectiondidtheseweatherfrontsmovebasedontheweathermaps?
Afromnorthtosouth Bfromsouthtowest Cfromeasttonorth Dfromwesttoeast
40Whichofthesebest explainswhytheoceanshave agreatimpactontheweatheroverthecontinents?
AOceanwavesmovemoreeasilythancontinen- talrock.
BTheoceanscontain awidervarietyoforgan- ismsthanthecontinents.
CTheoceansstoreandtransfermoreheatthan thecontinents.
DOcean watercontains moresaltthanmost continentallake water.
41A weather channel statedthetemperature was
24◦Candthewindwasblowingat3kilometersper
hour.Whichtermbestdescribesthisinformation?
Aseason B climate C habitat Dweather
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