Whatenergytransformation Occursinthewire Coils?

TestBooklet

Subject:SC,Grade:08

3rdQtr:TransfersandTransformationof

Energy

Studentname:

Usetheinformationbelowtoanswertwoquestions.

HairDryer

Thehairdryerinthecrosssectiondiagrambelowtransformsonetypeofenergyintoothertypesofenergy.

1Wirecoilsinthehairdryerbecomehotwhenin use.

Whatenergytransformation occursinthewire coils?

Aelectricaltoheat

Bheattomechanical

Cchemicaltomechanical

Dmechanical toelectrical

2Whatpartofthehairdryerchanges electricalenergyintomechanical energy?

Amotor

Bswitch

Cwirecoils

Dfanblades

3Alightbulbtransformselectricalenergyintolight energy.

Alightbulbalsotransforms electricalenergyinto

Aheatenergy

Bpotentialenergy

Cmagnetic energy

Dmechanical energy

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4Electricityhasmanyuses.

Whichdeviceisdesignedtotransformelectricalenergyintousefulheatenergy?

Aaclockradio

Banelectricstove Canelectricmotor Dabatterycharger

5Inahealthyforest,deadtreesandlimbsfalltothe groundanddecompose.Whichofthesestatements bestdescribeswhydecompositionisimportantto aforestecosystem?

ANutrientsarereleasedwhenwoodisbroken down.

BWormsproduceoxygenusedbyotherorgan- isms.

CDeadtreesprovidenestsitesformanydifferent speciesofbirds.

DWaterisstoredindeadtreesandlimbs.

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6

Agrasslandcommunity ispicturedabove.Grassesare considered—

Asecondaryconsumers

Bprimaryconsumers

Cdecomposers

Dproducers

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7Theillustrationsshowsoccer ballsofdifferent massesbeingkicked withequalforce.Whichball willhavethegreatestacceleration?

A

B C

D

8During aspacewalk, anastronautletsgoofatool, causingittofloatawayandbounceoffthesideof thespaceshuttle. Whydoestheastronautseethe toolhittheshuttlebutnothearit?

ALightwavescannottravelthrough avacuum.

However, soundwavescan.

BSoundwavescannottravelthroughavacuum.

However,lightwavescan.

CNeithersoundnorlight waves cantravel throughavacuum.

DBothsoundandlightwavescantravelthrough avacuum.

9Sonarisatoolthatusessoundwavestomeasure thedepthoftheocean. Sonar bouncessound wavesoffoftheocean’sfloor. Thetimetaken forthesoundwavetoleaveashipontheocean’s surfaceandreturnfromtheocean’sfloorcanbe usedtodeterminethedepthoftheocean.

Thechartbelowshowsthesonarreadingsfrom fourdifferentshipsmovingoverthesurfaceofthe oceanduringa1-hourperiod.

Whichshipmovedcontinuouslyfrom shallowto deeperwater?

AShipA BShipB CShipC DShipD

10Which of the following is an example of refraction?

AA mancombshishairwhilelookingina mirror.

BAwomanfeelswarmwearingblackonabright day.

CAmanthinksafishinwateriscloserthanit reallyis.

DAroom withbrownwallsbecomesbrighter when itispainted white.

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Usetheinformationbelowtoanswer threequestions.

Ethanol

Ethanolisatypeofalcoholmadefromplants.Sugarcaneandcorn,whicharebothusedinfoodssuchascereals andbreads,areusedtomakeethanol.Burning ethanolprovidesacleansourceofenergybecausetheproductsof ethanol arewaterandcarbondioxide.Therefore,mixingethanol withgasolinereducesharmfulwasteproducts.

Inthe1970s,manyBraziliansdrovecarswithenginesthatusedanethanol-gasolinemixture. Thisalternative fuelconservedthelimited supplyofgasoline availableatthat time.Inthe1990s,gasolinebecamecheaperthan ethanol, andBraziliansreturned todriving moregasoline-fueledcars.Recently,Braziliansstarteddriving morecarsthatuseanethanol-gasoline mixture.

11Howmight anincreaseduseof alternativefuelin

Brazilaffectpeopleinother countries?

AConsumersinothercountrieswouldbuylarger cars.

BFarmersinothercountrieswouldincreaseseed production.

CWorkersinothercountrieswouldwalkinstead ofdrivingcars.

DChildreninothercountries wouldhave in- creasedrespiratory problems.

12Whichgroupwouldbenefitmostifdriversinthe

United Statesfueled

theirvehicleswithanethanol-gasoline mixture?

Acropfarmers Boilcompanies Cgrocerystores

Dcarmanufacturers

13Ethanolisagoodalternativefuelbecauseit

Areducesairpollution

Bincreasesbiodiversity

Creducessoundpollution

Dincreasesozoneemissions

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Usetheinformation and themapbelowtoanswer threequestions.

ProposedHousingDevelopment

Themapshowsasiteforaproposedhousingdevelopmentnearatown.Awastewatertreatment plantforthe housingareawillbebuiltalongthestream,between the proposeddevelopmentandthe landfill.Thestreamflows throughasaltwatermarshandintoariver.The riveremptiesintoanestuary,similartotheChesapeakeBay.

14Natural processeshavebeeneroding thestreambanksneartheproposedhousingdevelopment site.

Howwillthehousingdevelopmentmostlikelyaffectthestreambanks?

ADecreasedrunoff fromthedevelopmentwillincreasetheerosionofthestreambanks.

BDecreasedrunoff fromthedevelopmentwillstoptheerosionofthestreambanks.

CIncreasedrunoff fromthedevelopmentwillincreasetheerosionofthestreambanks.

DIncreasedrunoff fromthedevelopmentwilldecreasetheerosionofthestreambanks.

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15Whichoutcomewillmostlikelyhaveapositive effectontheenvironmentofthetowndownstreamfrom theproposeddevelopment?

Aincreasedtrafficonlocalroads

Bdecreasedmarshlandformarshorganisms

Cdecreasedlanddevotedforhumanrecreation

Dincreasedawarenessofhumanimpactonthearea

16Whichofthesesolutions bestdescribeshowto reducethenegativeenvironmental effectsofthe proposeddevelopment?

ADevelopwetlandstoabsorbchemicalsinthe runoff.

BPlantlargerlawnsaroundhousesin the development.

CBuildconcretedrainagestreamstohelpwater flowfaster.

DConstructseveralsmallroads insteadofafew largeones.

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17Whenfireworksexplode,theycreatelightwavesandsoundwaves.Aninvestigationisperformedtostudy thedifferencesbetweenthetwotypesofwaves. Threecamerascapableofrecordingaudioandvideoare setupatsafenearbylocationsinclear viewofthefireworks.

·Camera1isplacedinan openfield.

·Camera2isplacedinavacuum-sealed glasscontainer.

·Camera3isplacedbehindsheetsofpolarizing glassthatblockelectromagneticwaves.

a.)Identifywhetheraudioonly,videoonly,orbothaudioandvideoofthefireworkswillberecordedby

eachcamera.

b.)Explaineachofyouranswersforpart (a).

Supposeacamerarecordsbothaudioandvideo.

c.)Willthelightorthesoundfromthefireworksberecordedfirst?Explainyouranswer.

18The diagrambelowshowstwowaves.

Whichstatementbestcomparesthewaves?

AWave1hasagreateramplitudethanWave2.

BWave1hastallercreststhanWave2.

CWave2hasahigherfrequencythanWave1.

DWave2hasagreaterwavelength thanWave1.

19Whatcausesablueblock toappearblueinthesunlight?

ATheblockabsorbsallblue light.

BTheblockbends(refracts)allblue light.COnlyblue lightisreflected bytheblock. DOnlyblue lightpassesthrough theblock.

20Thepicturebelowshowsthedifferentpositionsofaskierassheisliftedtothetopofaslopeandthenskis downtheother side.

Thepicturebelowshowsthedifferentpositionsofaskierassheisliftedtothetopofaslopeandthenskis downtheother side.

ATheskierlosespotential energyassheislifteduptheslopeandlosespotential energyassheskisdown theslope.

BTheskiergainspotential energyassheislifteduptheslopeandmaintainsthesamepotential energyas sheskisdowntheslope.

CTheskiergainspotential energyassheislifteduptheslopeandlosespotential energyassheskisdown theslope.

DTheskierlosespotential energyassheislifteduptheslopeandgainspotential energyassheskisdown theslope.

21Abaseballrestsonatabletopasshowninthediagrambelow.

Whattypeofpotentialenergyisstoredinthebaseballbasedonitspositionon thetable?

Aheat

Bchemical

Celastic

Dgravitational

22Thediagrambelowshowswhathappenswhenzincreactswithhydrochloricacid.

Whichofthesebestdescribestheenergytransformation thatoccursduringthisreaction?

AThermalenergy→kineticenergy

B Kineticenergy→potentialenergyC Chemicalenergy→thermalenergy

DPotentialenergy→chemicalenergy

23Apendulumswingsbackand forthseveraltimes, asshowninthediagrambelow.Assumefrictionis negligible.

Whichofthefollowinggraphsbestillustrates thepotentialenergy(PE)andthekineticenergy(KE) ofthependulumoveraperiodofseveralswings?

A

B

C

D

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Usetheinformationbelowtoanswertwoquestions.

RenewableandNonrenewableResources

AllnaturalresourcesonEarthareeitherrenewableornonrenewable. Whetheraresourceisrenewableor nonrenewabledependsonhowfastorslowtheresourceisreplaced.Iftheresourceisusedfasterthanitis replaced,thentheresourcewill,intime,disappear.

24Whichstatementdescribestheuseofarenewable natural resource?

AAhomeburnsnaturalgasforheat.

BAcityburnscoaltogenerateelectricity.

CA farmerplantsdifferenttypesofcropsto protectthesoil.

DAconstruction crewbuildsaroadfromrock, sand,andgravel.

25Whichactivityshowstheuseofanonrenewable natural resource?

AAgroup ofpeopleswimsinariver.

BAconstructioncrewbuildsanironbridge.

CAfarmer growsvegetablestosellatalocal market.

DAperson bakes acake withelectricitypro- ducedbyahydroelectric powerplant.

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26Usethepicturebelowtoanswerthisquestion.

a.)Identifythreedifferentformsofenergyinthepicture.

b.)Tellwhere orhoweachformisshown.

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27Whichstatement bestexplains thedifference betweenlightwavestraveling through avacuum andlightwavestraveling throughamedium?

ALightwavestravelingthrough avacuum are transverse,butlightwavestraveling througha mediumarelongitudinal.

BLightwavestraveling throughavacuumtravel fasterthanlightwaves travelingthrougha medium.

CLightwavestraveling throughavacuumhave nomass,butlightwavestraveling through a mediumhaveamassgreaterthanzero.

DLightwavestraveling throughavacuumhave ashorterwavelengththanlightwavestraveling throughamedium.

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Usethepower-plantdiagramsandinformationbelowtoanswertwoquestions.

PowerPlants

AnelectricpowerplantinToledo,Ohio,ispoweredbycoal(seeFigure1).The coalisburnedtoboilwaterand producesteam.Thesteamturnsaturbine, which causesthegeneratortoproduceelectricity.

ThepowerplantinBelleville,WestVirginia,ishydroelectric(seeFigure2).Waterfromthelakebehindthedam fallsontheturbine blades.Theturbine turns,which causesthegeneratortoproduceelectricity.

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28Thehydroelectricplant(Figure2)usesarenew- ableenergyresource.

Whichstatementdescribeswhythisresourceis consideredrenewable?

AHeated waterturnstheturbine.Theusedwater flowsupstreambackdirectly intothelakeandmaybeusedagainrightaway.

BFalling waterturnstheturbine.Theusedwater flowsupstreambackdirectly intothelakeand maybeusedagainrightaway.

CHeatedwaterturnstheturbine.Thewateris returnedtotheriverdownstream, soitmay continue inthe watercycle.

DFallingwaterturnstheturbine.Thewateris returnedtotheriverdownstream, soitmay continue inthe watercycle.

29Whichdescribesachemicalchangeandaphysical changethattakeplaceduringtheproductionof electricityinthecoal-firedpower plant(Figure1)?

AThecoalmovingalongtheconveyorbeltis a chemicalchange.

Thecoalburningtogiveoffheatandcarbon dioxide gasisaphysicalchange.

BThecoalburningtogiveoffheatandcarbon dioxide gasisachemical change.

Theboiling waterturningtosteamisaphysical change.

CTheboiling waterturningto steamis a chemicalchange.

Thesteam turningtheturbineisa physical change.

DThesteamturningtheturbineisachemical change.

Theturbinerunningthegeneratortoproduce electricityisaphysicalchange.

30Whichisa majoradvantage of usingenergy sourcessuchassunlight, windandrunningwater insteadoffossil fuels,suchascoalandnatural gas?

ASunlight,windandrunningwateraremuch moreefficientthanfossilfuels.

BSunlight,windandrunning waterarerenew- ableandavailableindefinitely.

CSunlight,windandrunningwateraremuch lessexpensivetousethanfossilfuels.

DSunlight,windandrunning watercanbeused at anygeographicallocation.

31Howdocoalandthesuncompare assourcesof energy?

ACoalisrenewable,andthesunisrenewable.

BCoalisrenewable, andthesunisnonrenew- able.

CCoalisnonrenewable, andthesunisrenew- able.

DCoalisnonrenewable, andthesunisnonre- newable.

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32AclassisstudyingelectricityandhowitisproducedinOhio.Thestudentsmakethetablebelowtoshare informationaboutenergysources.

Whichstatementidentifies anonrenewableenergysourcefromthetableandcorrectly explainswhythis sourceisconsiderednonrenewable?

ABiomassisnonrenewable becauseoncethewastematerial isusedup,thereisnowaytoproduce additionalwastematerial.

BPetroleumisnonrenewable becausethereisafixedamountofoilundergroundandnewpetroleumtakes millionsofyearstoform.

CSolarenergyisnonrenewable becausethereisonlyonesuninthesolarsystemandthereisno replacementwhenthesunisusedup.

DWindenergyisnonrenewable becausetheairpressuredifference required toproducewindisnot availableatalltimesatalllocations.

CrossSectionofRockLayers

Aquarryisan openpitfromwhichrockcanbeobtained bydigging,cutting,orblasting.Thequarryshown belowcutsthroughseverallayersofsedimentarylimestonerock,labeledWthroughZ.Someoftherockfromthe quarryiscrushedtomakegravelofvarioussizes.Therockandgravelareusedintheconstructionofbuildings androads.Largedieselmachinesandtrucksremovetherockandgravelandtransportittoconstructionsites.

33Beforethequarrywasdug,thelandcontainedmorevegetation.Whatimpacthasthischangemostlikely hadon thelocalecosystem?

ALargerpredatorpopulations

BAlowernumberofproducers

CAgreaternumberofherbivores

DAsmalleramountofavailablecarbondioxide

34Atthequarry,soilwasremovedtogettothe rocklayersunderneath.Whichpartoftheenvironmentwas probablyleastaffectedbythissoilbeing removed?

AAir

B Groundwater CRunoffwater DPlants

35Dieselfuelis usedintheenginesofthemachinesandtrucksatthequarry.Whichoftheseis themain energytransformationasthefuelisusedbytheengines?

AElectricalenergyisconvertedtoheatenergy.

BHeatenergyisconvertedtopotentialenergy.

CElectricalenergyisconvertedtokineticenergy.

DChemicalenergyisconvertedtokineticenergy.

36Whichof thefollowing uses only renewable energy?

Aabattery-powered radio

Bagasoline-engine car

Canatural-gas stove

Dasolar-heated shower

37Lisalearnedthattheremaybea linkbetween globalwarming andstronger hurricanes. She decided tofollow theseguidelines inorderto reducelevelsofcarbondioxide(CO2).

·Walkmore.

·Userecycledpaper.

·Useenergy-efficient appliances.

· Usefluorescentbulbsinstead ofincandescent bulbs.

Whichstatementlogicallyexplainswhetherthese methodsareusefulindecreasingglobalwarming?

AThesemethodsarenotusefulbecausetheyall releaseCO2intotheatmosphere.

BThesemethodsarenotusefulbecausetheyall releaseheatenergyintotheatmosphere.

CThese methods areusefulbecause theyall reducetheamountofCO2releasedintothe atmosphere.

DThese methods areusefulbecause theyall reducetheuse ofrenewable energy sources insteadoffossilfuels.

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38The followingchartshowstheweatherinthesamecityontenrandomdayslastyear.

WeatherduringtheLastYear

Whichstatementdescribestheweatherpatternshownonthechart?

AWeatherisnotaffectedbythemonthorseason. B Weathergetswarmerthroughouttheentireyear. CWeatherchangesfromday todayandbyseason.

DWeatherchangesmoreofteninthewintermonths.

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39Comparethetwoweathermaps:

Inwhichdirectiondidtheseweatherfrontsmovebasedontheweathermaps?

Afromnorthtosouth Bfromsouthtowest Cfromeasttonorth Dfromwesttoeast

40Whichofthesebest explainswhytheoceanshave agreatimpactontheweatheroverthecontinents?

AOceanwavesmovemoreeasilythancontinen- talrock.

BTheoceanscontain awidervarietyoforgan- ismsthanthecontinents.

CTheoceansstoreandtransfermoreheatthan thecontinents.

DOcean watercontains moresaltthanmost continentallake water.

41A weather channel statedthetemperature was

24◦Candthewindwasblowingat3kilometersper

hour.Whichtermbestdescribesthisinformation?

Aseason B climate C habitat Dweather

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