Need to Know Review Sheet- Ch 15/16 Evolution
Chapter 15
Who is Charles Darwin and what happened on his voyage on the H.M.S. Beagle that led to his
ideas about biodiversity and how species change?To what place did the Beagle travel that most influenced Darwin’s ideas? Hut animals did he observe and how did they affect his thinking?
What ideas about competition and resources in human populations did Malthus propose?
What theories about the age of the earth and how it is formed did Lyell and Hutton propose
that influenced Darwin’s thinking?
What were the components of Lamarck’s theory of evolution? What do each of these mean? How did Lamarck’s ideas influenced Darwin?
What was Lamarck correct about? What was incorrect about Lamarck’s hypothesis?
How did Wallace’s ideas about evolution influence Darwin’s feelings about publishing his own theory?
What book did Darwinpublish that explained his ideas? What was Darwin’s proposed mechanism for evolution?
Be able to summarize and explain Darwin’s Theory of Evolution.
What is the “struggle for existence”?
Fitness?
Adaptation?
Natural variation?
“Survival of the fittest”/Natural selection?
How does natural selection work? What has to be present for it to act upon?
How is natural selection different from artificial selection?
Descent with modification?
Common descent (common ancestor)?
What kinds of evidence support Darwin’s theory? (we went through 7 categories of evidence- list each of these & understand what they are and how they support evolution)
How does the geographic distribution of different animals support Darwin’s theory?
What is convergent evolution?
What is divergent evolution?
What are homologous structures? (& which type of evolution do they result from?)
What are analogous structures? (& which type of evolution do they result from?)
What are Vestigial organs? Examples?
Chapter 16
What is a gene pool?
What is relative frequency?
In genetic terms, a change in the relative frequency of alleles in population = ?
What are the mainsources of genetic variation in populations? What is the most major source?
What causes gene shuffling to occur?
What alone does NOT change relative frequency of alleles in a population?
What is a single-gene trait? A polygenic trait?
How is the number of phenotypes related to the number of genes that control the trait?
What type of distribution curve can be seen with polygenic inheritance? Tell the 3 ways natural selection can affect the distributions of phenotypes? Be able to identify examples of each of these & their graphs.
How is evolution different in small populations?
What is genetic drift?
What is Founder effect?
What is speciation?
List and explain 3 types of reproductive isolation. Are these examples of prezygotic or postzygotic isolation?
What is prezygotic isolation? Postzygotic isolation?