SUBTERM 1 FINAL REVIEW GUIDE

Ch. 1, 2, 7, 10

Chp 1: Scientific Method

  1. What is a hypothesis?
  1. What is a variable?
  1. What is a control?
  1. What is the difference between inference and observation?
  1. What is the main goal of science?
  1. What was the spontaneous generation hypothesis?
  1. Why do scientists publish their results?
  1. What is the purpose of conducting an experiment?
  1. When do you use a dissecting microscope?
  1. When do you use a compound microscope?
  1. KNOW THE PARTS OF A MICROSCOPE!
  1. What is the total magnification is the eyepiece magnifies 10x and the objective you are using magnifies 30X?
  1. When are trying to locate an object under high power while using a light microscope, which focus do you use?
  1. What is a microscope's limit of resolution?
  1. What are the characteristics of living organisms? (8)

Chp 2: Macromolecules

  1. What is the charge and location of the 3 parts of an atom?
  1. Calcium is in Family 2. What does this mean?
  1. How many valence electrons does Calcium have?
  1. To become a positive ion (Ca+2), what did Calcium have to give away or transfer?
  1. What is the difference between a covalent and an ionic bond?
  1. What does the statement "Water molecules are polar." mean?
  1. What is the difference between a compound and a mixture?
  1. How do you know if a liquid is an acid, base, or is neutral?
  1. A higher concentration of OH- ions is found in what type of solution?
  1. What is the difference between a monomer and a polymer?
  1. List the 4 types of organic compounds.
  1. Make a grid of the monomers and polymers of the 4 organic compounds. Include a specific food/nonfood example of each. (HINT: 3 of the examples will be food)
  1. What is the function of enzymes?
  1. What is the name of the location where reactants bind to enzymes?
  1. How do you know if a compound is organic?
  1. What is an amino group?

List the organic compound(s) that have amino groups.

  1. What is a carboxyl group?

List the organic compound(s) that have carboxyl groups.

  1. What is a peptide bond?
  1. Most enzymes have what type of ending for their name?
  1. Most sugars (carbohydrates) have what type of ending for their name?
  1. Why is carbon special?
  1. What is the difference between an unsaturated fat and a saturated fat?

Chp 7: Cells

  1. What are the 3 components to the Cell Theory?
  1. List the function of the following cell parts and know what they look like in a cell:
  2. nucleus
  3. cytoskeleton
  4. mitochondria
  5. chloroplast
  6. endoplasmic reticulum
  7. Golgi apparatus
  8. ribosomes
  9. DNA/chromatin/chromosomes
  10. lysosomes
  11. vacuole
  1. What is the difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?
  1. Which cell structures are ONLY found in plant cells?
  1. List 3 types of passive transport?

How are they different?

How are they the same?

  1. List 2 examples of active transport?

How are they different?

How are they the same?

  1. Cell membranes are constructed of what basic unit?
  1. What is cell specialization?
  1. What is the relationship between a cell, and organ, a tissue, and an organ system?

Chp 10: Cell Cycle

  1. What problems do cells have as they grow larger?
  1. What type of surface area-to-volume ratio is best for a cell?
  1. How does volume relate to a cell?
  1. How do cells solve their surface area-to-volume problem?

WHY?!?

  1. How do cells solve their surface area to volume problem?
  1. What are the 3 steps to the cell cycle?
  1. Why is it called a Cell CYCLE?
  1. What are the 4 phases of mitosis?
  1. Using this grid, fill in the 4 phases of mitosis. Describe what happens in each phase and sketch what that cell would look like if it had 4 chromosomes.

MITOSIS PHASE / WHAT HAPPENS / SKETCH
  1. What are cell cycle regulators?
  1. List an example of a cell cycle regulator.
  1. What is cancer?
  1. What are the causes of cancer?
  1. Briefly define the following vocabulary:

•Chromatid

•Centromere

•Centriole

•Spindle

•Chromosome

•Chromatin

•Interphase

•Mitosis

•Cytokinesis

•Cyclin

•Cancer

•Daughter cell

•Parent cell