Final Review
Supplemental Instruction
Iowa State University / Leader: / Kali
Course: / BIOL (2) 212
Instructor: / Dr.Kukday
Date: / 12/2/14
  1. What percentage of cancers are due to carcinogens?

a)55%

b)75%

c)90%

d)80%

  1. BPDE primarily attaches itself to

a)Adenine

b)Guanine

c)Cytosine

d)Thymine

  1. Which is NOT true about oncogenes?

a)Promote cell division

b)Inactivated in cancer

c)Ras is an example

  1. In the S phase of Interphase

a)Organelles are replicated

b)Chromosomes are replicated

c)Cell grows in size

d)All of the above

  1. Which of the following is the best definition of disease?

a)Any condition that leads to cell death.

b)Any condition caused by infection with pathogens, such as bacteria or viruses.

c) Any condition caused by genetic mutations or inheritance of defective genes.

d)Any condition that impairs normal function.

e) None of the above.

  1. Which of the following is most likely to be tumor suppressor?

a)a gene that increases cell proliferation.

b)a gene which codes a fluorescent protein.

c)a gene important for repairing DNA damage.

d)a gene that enables adaptation to hypoxia (low oxygen).

e) a gene that stimulates angiogenesis (formation of new blood vessels).

  1. Consider a gene encoding for a protein important for growth factor signaling. When mutated, this protein becomes constantly active. This gene is most likely a:

a)Tumor suppressor

b)Tumor promoter

c)Proto-oncogene

d)Carcinogen

  1. Define metastasis:
  1. The attachment of BPDE contributes to cancer because it

a)Attaches to the pentose sugar on DNA

b)Forms an adduct

c)Attaches to uracil

You are given a wildtype mRNA sequence.

WT: 5’-AUG GAC GUA CCA UAU-3’

A: 5’-AUG GAC GUA CCA UAG-3’

B: 5’- AUG GUC GUA CCA UAU-3’

C: 5’- AUG GAC GUA CCC UAU-3’

D: 5’- AUG GAG UAC CCU AU C-3’

  1. Which is the nonsense mutation?

a)A

b)B

c)C

d)D

  1. Which is the mis-sense mutation?

a)A

b)B

c)C

d)D

  1. Which is the silent mutation?

a)A

b)B

c)C

d)D

  1. Which is the frameshift mutation?

a)A

b)B

c)C

d)D

  1. p53 is an example of a

a)Oncogene

b)Tumor suppressor gene

c)Cellugene

d)Tumor activator gene

  1. Which is responsible for advancing a cell through the 4 stages of the cell cycle?

a)G1 check point proteins

b)Cdks

c)All of the above

  1. What does p53 do?

a)Activates genes that cause apoptosis

b)Advances a cell through the cell cycle

c)Prevents the cell from going from G1 to S

d)Prevents the cell from going from S to G2

e)A and D

f)A and C

g)All of the above

  1. In females, gamete formation begins

a)In adult age

b)In the fetus

c)After birth

d)Around 10 years of age

  1. Spermatogenesis produces

a)2 haploid spermatids

b)4 haploid spermatids

c)2 diploid spermatids

d)4 diploid spermatids

  1. The site of spermatogenesis is

a)Testes

b)Leydig cells

c)Seminiferous tubules

d)Sertoli cells

  1. The hypothalamus secrets

a)LH

b)GnRH

c)FSH

d)Estrogen

  1. What nourishes the primary oocytes?

a)Sertoli cells

b)Follicle cells

c)Leydig cells

d)Fat cells

  1. Which does not occur in the follicular phase?

a)FSH and LH stimulate ovary

b)FSH, LH, and estrogen cause ovaulation

c)Release of egg

d)Estrogen stimulates endometrium thickening

  1. During pregnancy,

a)hCG is released

b)Progesterone decrease

c)FSH is increased

d)LH is increased

  1. A muscle cell is also called a

a)fascicle

b)tendon

c)muscle fiber

d)myofibril

  1. Which muscle type has a low amount of mitochondria?

a)Fast-oxidative

b)Slow-oxidative

c)Fast-glycolytic

  1. Which is the correct order from smallest to largest?

a)Muscle fiber>myofibril>tendon>muscle

b)Myofibril>muscle fiber>fascicle>muscle>tendon

c)Myofibril>muscle>tendon>muscle fiber

d)Muscle fiber>myofibril>fascicle>tendon

  1. Thick filaments are made of

a)Myosin

b)Actin

  1. What would happen to a myofibril if ATP were depleted from a muscle cell?

a)Myosin could not release from actin

b)Myosin could not bind actin

c)Myosin could not perform a power stroke

d)Actin would depolymerize

e)Myosin could not hydrolyze

  1. Muscle size increases due to

a)An increase in number of myofibrils

b)An increase in cell number

  1. Draw and label a sarcomere:
  1. Neuromuscular junctions involve

a)a neural dendrite, a gap junction, and the sarcoplasmic reticulum

b)a synapse, a myofibril, and troponin

c)an axon terminal, acetylcholine, and ligand gated ion channels

d)a synaptic cleft, norepinephrine, and an axon terminal

e)an electrical synapse, a node of Ranvier, and acetylcholine

  1. If cytosolic Ca2+ levels are high,

a)Muscles will relax

b)Muscles will contract

  1. How is Ca2+ concentrated in the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

a)Passive transport

b)Active transport

c)Diffusion

d)Osmosis

  1. Strength of a stimulus is measured by the

a)Amplitude

b)Frequency

c)Period

d)Wave-length

  1. Nociceptors respond to

a)Extreme temperatures

b)Acids/chemicals

c)Extreme pressure

d)All of the above

  1. Which is the correct pathway of sound through the ear?

a)Tympanic membrane, ossicles, cochlea

b)Ossicles, cochlea, tympanic membrane

c)Cochlea, ossicles, tympanic membrane

d)Tympanic membrane, cochlea, ossicles

  1. The process whereby incoming sensory information is converted to an electrical signal is known as:

a)threshold potential

b)an action potential

c)perception

d)sensory transduction

e)Reception

  1. What structure converts the physical stimuli into action potentials in the ear?

a)Otilths

b)Microvilli

c)Stereocilia

d)Semicircular canals

  1. Near vision is when

a)Ciliary muscles relax, lens becomes more round.

b)Ciliary muscles contract, lens becomes more round.

c)Ciliary muscles relax, lens becomes more flat.

d)Ciliary muscles contract, lens becomes more flat.

  1. Which area of the eye contains no photoreceptors?

a)Blind spot

b)Fovea centralis

c)Pupil

d)Iris

  1. Photoreceptors are different from other sensory cells because they

a)Respond to an external stimulus

b)Become hyperpolarized on receipt of stimulus

c)Become depolarized on receipt of stimulus

d)Do not have a nucleus

  1. Bipolar cells

a)Send axons out of the eye and into the optic nerve

b)Make synapses with photoreceptors and ganglion cells

c)Are the deepest against sclera

  1. Invertebrates use the following system to detect gravity and maintain body orientation

a)A sphere of sensory hair cells contains a statolith that moves in response to gravity.

b)hair sensory cells detect movements of vestibular fluids in the semicircular canals.

c)gravity pulls hairs on sensory cells downward

d)proprioceptors emit neurotransmitters in the direction of gravity

e)ossicles vibrate different parts of the cochlea in response to movement and gravity, which is detected by different mechanosensors