Animal Kingdom Part 1 – Animals in General, Sponges & Cnidarians

Part A - What is an animal and how to they do stuff?

What characteristics do all animals share?

1. Heterotrophs: ______

2. ______: Bodies are composed of more than 1 cell

3. Eukaryotic: ______

______

4. No cell walls

Two main divisions:

Invertebrate: ______

Vertebrate: ______

Trends in Animal Evolutions & Essential Functions

  1. Levels of Organization

2. Cephalization:______

- Associated with development of symmetry and the development of a

3. Tissue layers:

A. Endoderm: ______

B. Mesoderm: ______

C. Ectoderm: ______

Some animals only have two tissue layers (______and ______). These animals are called:

______. Ex) Jellyfish

Most animals have all three tissue layers: ______

3. Development of a coelom

Coloem:______

4. Embryological Development:

Bilateral animals can be divided into two main groups based on embryological development

Protostomes

›Body cavity forms within a space between the body wall and the digestive cavity

›Blastopore becomes mouth

›e.g., arthropods, annelids, mollusks

Deuterostomes

›Body cavity forms as an outgrowth of the digestive cavity

›Blastopore becomes anus

›e.g. echinoderms, chordates

5. Symmetry

A. ______: Mostly in simple organisms. ______

B. Bilateral Symmetry: ______

______

Specialized anterior (______), posterior (tail/back/end), ______(upper surface) and ventral (bottom surface)

5. Reproduction: Asexual (______) and sexual

A. ______development: “Babies” (offspring) look like adults (they get bigger as they get older, but don’t change ______)

B. Indirect development: ______

Ex) Tadpole to frog

6. Feeding

  • ______: Eats plants
  • ______: Eats animals
  • ______: Eats plants and animals
  • ______: Lives off of a host
  • ______: Strains floating plants and animals from surrounding water
  • ______: Feeds on decaying plants and animals (detrius)

The Essential 7:

Part B - Porifera: “Pore bearing” animals

Simplest Animal - Commonly referred to as

Adults are - can’t move on their own

Lack true tissues and organs, most are unspecialized –

Incomplete digestive system

Ancient & mostly marine

Close to 5,000 species divided into 3 classes:

  • Sponge structure:
  • See Fig 16.10 p. 561.

Cells Types & Functions in Sponges:

  1. Porocytes:
  2. Collar Cells:
  3. Osculum:
  4. Spicules:
  5. Some sponges have skeletons made by both ______and ______.
  6. Amebocytes:

Porifera Feeding: They are FILTER FEEDERS

Sponges are characterized by the possession of a feeding system unique among animals. Poriferans don't have mouths; instead, they have tiny pores in their outer walls through which water is drawn. Cells in the sponge walls filter goodies from the water as the water is pumped through the body and out other larger openings. The flow of water through the sponge is unidirectional, driven by the beating of flagella which line the surface of chambers connected by a series of canals. Sponge cells perform a variety of bodily functions and appear to be more independent of each other than are the cells of other animals.

Reproduction:

Sexual:

Asexual:

Gemmules:

Budding:

Phylum Cnidaria: the hydra, anemones, & jellyfish – Radial symmetry

›. - Cells organized into distinct tissues

›Rudimentary nerve network and contractile tissue

›No

›Incomplete Digestive System -

›Reproduce sexually and asexually

Polyp-

Medusa-

Some cnidarians exist in both forms and some one or the other

Classes of Cnidarians:

Hydrozoa- ex

Scyphozoa- ex

Anthozoa- ex