What follows are all the multiple choice questions from quizzes through chapter 14. They constitute the majority of the questions that will be on the semester final.

1. Which of the following is a correct statement about the use of slave labor in colonial Virginia?

A. Slave ownership was forced on reluctant White Virginians by profit-minded English merchants and the mercantilist officials of the crown.

B. It was the first case in which Europeans enslaved blacks

C. It fulfilled the original plans of the Virginia Company

D. It first occurred after Eli Whitney’s invention of the cotton gin, which greatly stimulated the demand for low-cost labor

E. It spread rapidly in the late seventeenth century, as blacks displaced white indentured servants in the tobacco fields.

2. In the eighteenth century, colonial Virginia and colonial Massachusetts were most alike in that both

  1. relied on the marketing of a single crop
  2. were heavily dependent on slave labor
  3. had an established Anglican church
  4. were royal colonies
  5. administered local government through justices of the peace

3. Which of the following statements about Africans brought as slaves to the British North American colonies is true?

  1. They were the primary labor force for plantations in the Chesapeake by 1630
  2. They had much lower life expectancy in the Chesapeake than in South Carolina or the West Indies
  3. They greatly outnumbered Europeans in every colony south of the Mason-Dixon line by 1776
  4. They maintained cultural practices brought from Africa
  5. They were the primary labor source in Pennsylvania until 1720

4. Which of the following was true of a married woman in the colonial era?

  1. She would be sent to debtor’s prison for debts incurred by her husband
  2. She could vote as her husband’s proxy in elections
  3. She generally lost control of her property when she married
  4. She had no legal claim to the estate of her deceased husband
  5. Her legal rights over her children were the same as her husband

5. The First Great Awakening was:

  1. a religious revival that occurred throughout the American colonies
  2. a slave rebellion in colonial South Carolina
  3. an eighteenth century religious movement among Native Americans
  4. the flowering of Enlightenment political thought in North America
  5. and early colonial protest against British imperialism

6. The mercantilist system of the eighteenth century led to

  1. the restriction of governmental intervention in the economy
  2. the protection of Native Americans from European economic exploitation
  3. the expansion of colonial manufacturing
  4. the subordination of the colonial economy to that of the mother country
  5. noncompetitive commercial relations among nations

7. The North American colonies took advantage of Great Britain’s policy of salutary neglect to

  1. establish religious freedom as a fundamental right
  2. work out trade arrangements to acquire needed products from other countries
  3. introduce the practice of slavery to the new world
  4. establish a standing army
  5. make favorable territorial settlements with France

8. The Navigation Acts were part of the British policy of

  1. isolationism
  2. capitalism
  3. mercantilism
  4. monopolism
  5. imperialism

9. The mercantilist system of the eighteenth century led to

  1. the restriction of governmental intervention in the economy
  2. the protection of Native Americans from European economic exploitation
  3. the expansion of colonial manufacturing
  4. the subordination of the colonial economy to that of the mother country
  5. noncompetitive commercial relations among nations

10. Colonial cities functioned primarily as

  1. mercantile centers for collecting agricultural goods and distributing imported manufactured goods
  2. places were poor immigrants settled and worked as independent artisans
  3. centers where large-scale financial and banking operations were conducted
  4. places to which wage earners commuted from numerous surrounding communities
  5. centers of light manufacturing

11. The North American colonies took advantage of Great Britain’s policy of salutary neglect to

  1. establish religious freedom as a fundamental right
  2. work out trade arrangements to acquire needed products from other countries
  3. introduce the practice of slavery to the new world
  4. establish a standing army
  5. make favorable territorial settlements with France

12. The Navigation Acts were part of the British policy of

  1. isolationism
  2. capitalism
  3. mercantilism
  4. monopolism
  5. imperialism

13. By the 1750’s, the British colonies on the North American mainland were characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

  1. disdain for British constitutional monarchy
  2. many religious denominations
  3. a society without a hereditary aristocracy
  4. a growing number of non-English settlers
  5. acceptance of slavery as a labor system

14. The First Great Awakening led to all of the following EXCEPT

  1. separatism and secession from established churches
  2. the renewed persecution of witches
  3. the growth of institutions of higher learning
  4. a flourishing of the missionary spirit
  5. a greater appreciation of the emotional experiences of faith

15. The wealthiest people in pre-Revolutionary America were primarily

(A) lawyers, doctors, and other professionals

(B) northern merchants and southern planters

(C) inland farmers

(D) industrialists

(E) local government officials

16. France’s support for the UnitedState’s during the American Revolutionary War was motivated primarily by

(A) enthusiasm for the revolutionary principles espoused by the Americans

(B) a desire to weaken its rival, Great Britain

(C) a desire to regain Canada and the Florida’s

(D) pressures from its ally, Spain

(E) the hope of converting the United States into a French dependency

17. By the time of the revolution, the American colonists had generally come to believe that creation of a republic would solve the problems of monarchical rule because a republic would establish

(A) a highly centralized government led by a social elite

(B) a strong chief executive

(C) a small, limited government responsible to the people

(D) unlimited male suffrage

(E) a society in which there were no differences of rank and status

18. After 1763, changes in the British imperial system threatened the interests of which of the following groups of American colonists?

I. Land speculators with interests west of the Appalachians

II. Newspaper editors and lawyers

III. Farmers wishing to settle in the Ohio River valley

IV. Boston smugglers

  1. III only
  2. IV only
  3. I and III only
  4. I, II, and IV only
  5. I, II, III, and IV

19. During the War for Independence, the principal reason the American government sought diplomatic recognition from foreign powers was to

A. rally all the states behind a common cause

B. convince the British of the justice of the American cause

C. make it easier to levy taxes on the citizens of the several states

D. facilitate the purchase of arms and borrowing money from other nations

E. allow Von Steuben, Lafayette, and other Europeans to join the American army

20. Which of the following contributed most to the American victory in the Revolution?

A. French military and financial assistance

B. The failure of Loyalists to participate in military action

C. A major American military victory at Valley Forge

D. Support from the French Canadians

E. The British failure to capture Philadelphia

21. The Declaration of Independence did all of the following EXCEPT

A. appeal to the philosophy of natural rights

B. call for the abolition of the slave trade

C. appeal to the sympathies of the English people

D. Criticize the provisions of the Quebec Act of 1774

E. accuse George III of tyranny

22. All of the following contributed to the discontent among soldiers in the Continental Army EXCEPT:

A. Most soldiers were draftees

B. The soldiers feared for the welfare of their families back home

C. The army had inadequate arms and ammunition

D. The army paid soldiers in depreciated paper money

E. The army was inadequately fed and clothed

23. A major defect in the national government established by the Articles of Confederation was that it lacked

A. a means of amending the Articles

B. the authority to tax

C. the power to declare war

D. the authority to make treaties

E. a legislative branch

24. In 1787-1789 which of the following groups was most likely to oppose the ratification of the Constitution?

A. Farmers in isolated areas

B. Export Merchants

C. Former officers in the Continental Army

D. Southern planters

E. Urban artisans

25. The principal motivation for drafting the Bill of Rights was the desire to

A. test the new process of amendment described in the Constitution

B. protect rights not specified in the Constitution

C. strengthen the powers of the federal government

D. restore to the states the powers they had enjoyed under the Articles of Confederation

E. clarify the federal relationship among the states

26. As originally ratified, the U.S. Constitution provided for

A. political parties

B. a presidential cabinet

C. the direct election of senators

D. an electoral college

E. a two-term presidential limit

27. The greatest achievement of the government under the Articles of Confederation was its establishment of

A. a bicameral legislature

B. a system for orderly settlement of the West

C. general postwar prosperity

D. a standardized length for the school year

E. federal financing of secondary education

28. After the Revolution, the concept of the "republican mother" suggested that

A. women would be responsible for raising their children, especially their sons, to be virtuous citizens of the young republic

B. voting would soon become a privilege granted to educated and/or married women

C. the first duty of mothers was to serve the needs of the government

D. wives and mothers would be welcome in the emerging political parties

E. women's virtues had been the inspiration for the ideals of the Revolution

29. Which of the following was true of the U.S. Constitution as adopted at the Constitutional Convention?

A. It was built on a series of compromises

B. It provided exact specifications covering all aspects of government

C. It was a revised version of the English Constitution

D. It included a Bill of Rights

E. It allowed all male citizens over the age of twenty-one to vote

30. Under the Articles of Confederation the U.S. central government had no power to

A. levy taxes

B. make treaties

C. declare war

D. request troops from the states

E. amend the articles

31. Thomas Jefferson opposed some of Alexander Hamilton’s programs because Jefferson believed that

(A) the common bond of a substantial national debt would serve to unify the different states

(B) the French alliance threatened to spread the violence of the French Revolution to America

(C) the federal government should encourage manufacturing and industry

(D) Hamilton’s programs were weakening the military strength of the nation

(E) Hamilton’s programs favored wealthy financial interests

32. Early American diplomats to European nations often gained advantages for the United States by

A. sending America’s strong military and naval forces against those of European powers

B. convincing the people of European nations to exert pressure on their governments

C. using confidential information effectively

D. exploiting European rivalries

E. using America’s vast wealth in order to obtain favorable diplomatic settlements.

33. Which of the following most accurately describes the attitude of the Founding Fathers toward political parties?

A. Parties are vehicles of ambition and selfish interest that threaten the existence of republican government

B. Parties are engines of democracy that provide citizens with a voice in government

C. Parties are necessary evils in any republic.

D. In a large republic, parties are the best means of creating effective coalitions of interest groups.

E. A two-party system is essential to a stable republic.

34. The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions took the position that

A. only the U.S. Supreme Court had the power to restrict freedom of speech and the press

B. the authority of state governments included the power to decide whether or not an act of Congress was constitutional

C. only fiscal measures initiated by state legislatures could be acted on by Congress

D. Congress was responsible for maintaining the vitality of a "loyal opposition" political party

E. the "supremacy clause" of the constitution applied only to foreign affairs

35. President Washington's Neutrality Proclamation of 1793 was issued in response to

A. Spanish expansion in the Southeast

B. Dutch economic activity in the Mid-Atlantic states

C. Canadian alliances with northern American Indians

D. French diplomatic overtures to invoke the Franco-American Alliance

E. English boycotts of selected American manufacturers

36. The financial programs of Alexander Hamilton included all of the following EXCEPT

A. funding of a national debt

B. nullification of all private debts to the states

C. imposing of a tax on liquor

D. establishment of the Bank

E. assumption of all state debts

37. In the United States, the Haitian rebellion of the 1790s prompted

A. the acquisition of Puerto Rico for colonization by emancipated slaves

B. a movement of free African Americans to Haiti

C. the passage of a federal law increasing the severity of punishments for slave rebellion

D. an increased fear of slave revolts in the South

E. a military expedition of southern slaveholders to restore French rule in Haiti

  1. Which of the following did NOT contribute to the United States’ decision to declare war against Britain in 1812?
  1. American military and economic preparedness for war
  2. American concern for national honor
  3. The impressment of American seamen
  4. British interference with United States commerce
  5. American fears of British aid to Native Americans on the frontier

39. Marbury v. Madison (1803) is famous for establishing the principle of

A. the sancity of contracts

B. the supremacy of the executive over the legislative branch

C. judicial review

D. due process of law

E. equal access by any citizen to federal courts

40. An important reason for the proclamation of the Monroe Doctrine was to

  1. end the United States alliance with France
  2. displace England as the chief creditor of the Latin American countries
  3. counter British objections that would arise in any future United States effort to annex Canada or the West Indies
  4. protect republican institutions of government in the Western Hemisphere
  5. prevent French interference in the internal affairs of Mexico
  1. Which of the following is correct about tariffs passed between the period 1816-1828?
  1. They reduced barriers to free trade
  2. They were supported by all sections of the nation.
  3. Their constitutionality was tested in the courts
  4. They were primarily intended as revenue-raising measures
  5. They were the first tariffs whose major purpose was protection
  1. Which of the following had the greatest effect on the institution of slavery in the United States in the first quarter of the nineteenth century?
  1. Demands of Southern textile manufacturers for cotton
  2. Introduction of crop rotation and fertilizers
  3. Use of more stringent techniques of slave control
  4. Invention of the cotton gin
  5. The “three-fifths” compromise
  1. The opening of the Erie Canal in 1825 was important because it
  1. established the role of the federal government in internal improvements
  2. strengthened the ties between the eastern manufacturing and western agricultural regions
  3. made the invention of the steamboat economically viable
  4. spurred innovation in the railroad industry
  5. was the last major canal project before the Civil War
  1. Which of the following moved in the greatest numbers into Appalachia as the Native Americans of the region were defeated?
  1. immigrants from Sweden
  2. Slaveholders, indentured servants, and slaves from coastal plantations
  3. Puritans from New England
  4. Scotch-Irish, German, and English immigrants
  5. White immigrants from the West Indies
  1. Which of the following describes the “Lowell System” in early nineteenth century New England?
  1. A plan to promote and expand textile manufacturing activities
  2. An agreement among the New England states to secede and form a New England confederacy
  3. A reform eliminating property-holding as a qualification for voting
  4. A strategy to defend New England during the War of 1812
  5. A congressional reapportionment plan during the 1820s.
  1. In the first half of the 19th century, Cherokee efforts to retain their tribal lands in Georgia received direct support from
  1. the white residents of Oklahoma
  2. President Andrew Jackson
  3. The United States Supreme Court
  4. The Democratic press
  5. The United States Congress
  1. Of the following, which was the principal issue on which the U.S, sought settlement with Great Britain at the outset of the War of 1812?
  1. A guarantee of New England fishing rights off Newfoundland
  2. Free navigation of the Mississippi River
  3. Cancellation of pre-Revolutionary War debts
  4. Access to trade with the British West Indies
  5. An end to impressment
  1. According to Alexis de Toqueville in Democracy in America, American individualism arose as a result of
  1. the absence of an aristocracy
  2. limited geographic mobility
  3. the uneven distribution of wealth
  4. urbanization
  5. the Enlightenment
  1. When Thomas Jefferson said in 1801, “We are all republicans—we are all federalists,” he meant that
  1. Americans would never ally themselves with monarchical governments
  2. Federalists would be appointed to his cabinet
  3. The two parties’ platforms were identical
  4. The principles of American government were above party politics
  5. He admired Hamilton’s policies
  1. The Hartford Convention was a manifestation of
  1. New England Federalist opposition to the War of 1812
  2. New England’s desire to end United States trade with Great Britain
  3. Northern gratitude to General Jackson for his victory at New Orleans
  4. The War Hawks’ impatience with President Madison’s conduct of foreign policy
  5. Western resentment against British-backed American Indian attacks
  1. Jefferson’s purchase of Louisiana had its origins in his desire to
  1. remove the French from forts along the Mississippi valley
  2. acquire a port to provide an outlet for western crops
  3. acquire territory for the expansion of slavery
  4. oppose New England Federalism
  5. demonstrate friendship for the French in the Napoleonic Wars
  1. In Marbury vs. Madison, the U.S. Supreme Court affirmed
  1. its right to determine the constitutionality of state court decisions
  2. its right to determine the constitutionality of state laws
  3. its right to determine the constitutionality of congressional enactments
  4. the sanctity of property rights against harassment by unfriendly state legislatures
  5. the broad scope of the federal government’s commerce power
  1. The issuance of the Monroe Doctrine did which of the following?
  1. Reaffirmed George Washington’s goal of American neutrality in the Americas
  2. Helped Secretary of State John Quincy Adams secure the presidency in 1824
  3. Established the U.S. as the dominant economic power in Latin America
  4. Provided the basis for resolving Anglo-American border disputes
  5. Asserted American independence in the area of foreign policy
  1. The Jefferson administration advocated which of the following changes as a means of restoring republican ideals?
  1. Abolishing the Bank of the United States
  2. Reducing the scope of activities of the federal government
  3. Discontinuing the funding of state debts
  4. Increasing the size of the U.S. military
  5. Adopting the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions on the national level
  1. The Missouri Compromise did which of the following?
  1. Prohibited slavery in all of the Louisiana Purchase
  2. Provided for admission to the Union of all future states in pairs of one free, one slave
  3. Allowed Maine to enter as a free state
  4. Provided for the annexation of Texas
  5. Finally settled the question of congressional power over slavery in the territories
  1. The Embargo Act of 1807 had which of the following effects on the U.S.?
  1. It severely damaged American manufacturing
  2. It enriched many cotton plantation owners
  3. It disrupted American shipping
  4. It was ruinous to subsistence farmers
  5. It had little economic impact
  1. The development of the early nineteenth century concept of “separate spheres” for the sexes encouraged all of the following EXCEPT
  1. accepting women as intellectual equals of men
  2. idealizing the home as a haven in a competitive world
  3. designating the home as the appropriate place for a woman
  4. emphasizing childrearing as a prime duty of a woman
  5. establishing a moral climate in the home
  1. President Jackson’s Native American policy resulted in which of the following?
  1. Jackson’s loss of popularity in the country
  2. The first efforts to grant citizenship to Native Americans
  3. The division of tribal lands into small units and their allotment to heads of families in each tribe
  4. Widespread uprisings among the Sioux in Dakota territory
  5. The removal of the Cherokee from the Southeast to settlements across the Mississippi
  1. In the first half of the 19th century, Cherokee efforts to retain their tribal lands in Georgia received direct support from
  1. the white residents of Oklahoma
  2. President Andrew Jackson
  3. The United States Supreme Court
  4. The Democratic press
  5. The United States Congress
  1. Henry Clay’s “American System” called for all of the following EXCEPT
  1. A tariff for the protection of industry
  2. Internal improvements at national government expense
  3. Sale of federal lands to finance higher education
  4. Greater reliance on domestic financial resources
  5. Increased trade among the sections of the nation
  1. Which of the following resulted from the policies of the Jackson Administration?
  1. A central bank was established.
  2. The value of paper currency issued by individual banks became uniform.
  3. The number of banks, each issuing its own paper currency, increased
  4. A nationwide banking system was begun
  5. Federal fiscal activities became linked to a system of federal banks.
  1. Andrew Jackson supported all of the following EXCEPT
  1. Indian removal
  2. The right of nullification
  3. The removal of federal deposits from the Bank of the United States
  4. Annexation of new territory
  5. Use of the presidential veto power
  1. Jacksonian Democracy was distinguished by the belief that
  1. an aristocracy posed no danger to the Republic
  2. the National Republicans alone new what was right for the people
  3. political participation by the common man should be increased
  4. political rights should be granted to women
  5. franchise restrictions should be racially neutral

65. The nullification crisis of 1832-1833 was significant, in part, because it